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Children (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023The growth of children and adolescents is both an important health indicator and a major public health issue. Many recent studies have investigated the effects of... (Review)
Review
The growth of children and adolescents is both an important health indicator and a major public health issue. Many recent studies have investigated the effects of taekwondo on growth factors, but no consensus has yet been reached. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of taekwondo on the growth factors in children and adolescents (aged 8 to 16 years). Randomized controlled trials from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, the Research Information Sharing Service, the Korea Citation Index, and the Korean-studies Information Service System were analyzed. The effect sizes (standardized mean differences, SMD) were calculated, the risk of bias and publication bias were assessed, and the effect size and subgroup analyses were pooled. We found that the taekwondo group had significantly higher levels of growth hormones (SMD 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98-2.58, and < 0.001) and insulin-like growth factors (SMD 1.76, 95% CI 0.60-2.92, and < 0.001) than the control group. For height, a medium effect size was observed (SMD 0.62, 95% CI -0.56-1.80, and = 0.300), but the between-group difference was not significant. Thus, taekwondo had significant positive effects on the secretion of growth hormones and insulin-like growth factors in Korean children and adolescents. A longitudinal follow-up is necessary to determine the effect on height. This suggests that taekwondo can be recommended as an appropriate physical exercise for maintaining normal growth in children and adolescents.
PubMed: 36832454
DOI: 10.3390/children10020326 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2023A training program can stimulate physiological, anatomical, and performance adaptations, but these improvements can be partially or entirely reversed due to the...
A training program can stimulate physiological, anatomical, and performance adaptations, but these improvements can be partially or entirely reversed due to the cessation of habitual physical activity resulting from illness, injury, or other influencing factors. To investigate the effects of detraining on cardiorespiratory, metabolic, hormonal, muscular adaptations, as well as short-term and long-term performance changes in endurance athletes. Eligible studies were sourced from databases and the library up until July 2023. Included studies considered endurance athletes as subjects and reported on detraining duration. Total cessation of training leads to a decrease in VOmax due to reductions in both blood and plasma volume. Cardiac changes include decreases in left ventricular mass, size, and thickness, along with an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, ultimately resulting in reduced cardiac output and impaired performance. Metabolically, there are declines in lactate threshold and muscle glycogen, increased body weight, altered respiratory exchange ratio, and changes in power parameters. In the short term, there is a decrease in insulin sensitivity, while glucagon, growth hormone, and cortisol levels remain unchanged. Skeletal muscle experiences reductions in arterial-venous oxygen difference and glucose transporter-4. Implementing a partial reduction in training may help mitigate drastic losses in physiological and performance parameters, a consideration when transitioning between training seasons. There is a dearth of data investigating the detraining effects of training reduction/cessation among endurance athletes. Delving deeper into this topic may be useful for professionals and researchers to identify the optimal strategies to minimize these effects.
PubMed: 38344385
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1334766 -
Journal of Personalized Medicine May 2023To investigate the influence of endogenous and exogenous neuroendocrine analogues on the range and motion of jaw movement, mandibular growth, and factors affecting... (Review)
Review
Neuroendocrine Influencers and Associated Factors That Shape Jaw Movement and Growth in Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Management: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Radiographic Evidence.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the influence of endogenous and exogenous neuroendocrine analogues on the range and motion of jaw movement, mandibular growth, and factors affecting condylar guidance in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders using clinical assessment and radiographic imaging.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Eligible articles were extracted from eleven databases in early 2023 and screened following PRISMA protocols. Certainty of evidence and potential biases were assessed using the GRADE approach.
RESULTS
Nineteen articles were screened, with four deemed to be of high quality, eight of moderate quality, and the remaining seven of low to very low quality. Corticosteroids improve maximal incisal opening but not TMJ disorder symptoms. Higher doses worsen jaw movement and cause osseous deformity. Growth hormone affects occlusal development, and delayed treatment affects arch width. Sex hormone correlation with TMJ disorder is complex, with some studies showing a correlation between menstrual cycle phases and pain/limited mobility.
CONCLUSIONS
The evaluation of neuroendocrine influencers in relation to jaw movement in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders involves the complex interplay of potentially confounding factors that each require careful consideration to ensure accurate diagnoses and evaluations.
PubMed: 37241010
DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050840 -
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical... Jan 2024The numerous first-line treatment regimens for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced breast cancer (ABC) necessitate a comprehensive... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
The numerous first-line treatment regimens for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced breast cancer (ABC) necessitate a comprehensive evaluation to inform clinical decision-making. We conducted a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the efficacy and safety of different interventions.
METHODS
We systematically searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library and online abstracts from inception to June 1, 2023. NMA was performed to calculate and analyze progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and adverse events of grade 3 or higher (≥ 3 AEs).
RESULTS
Out of the 10,313 manuscripts retrieved, we included 28 RCTs involving 11,680 patients. Regarding PFS and ORR, the combination of trastuzumab with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) was more favorable than dual-targeted therapy. If only using trastuzumab, combination chemotherapy is superior to monochemotherapy in terms of PFS. It is important to note that the addition of anthracycline did not result in improved PFS. For patients with hormone receptor-positive HER2-positive diseases, dual-targeted combined with endocrine therapy showed better benefit in terms of PFS compared to dual-targeted alone, but it did not reach statistical significance. The comprehensive analysis of PFS and ≥ 3 AEs indicates that monochemotherapy combined with dual-targeted therapy still has the optimal balance between efficacy and safety.
CONCLUSION
Monochemotherapy (Docetaxel) plus dual-target (Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab) therapy remains the optimal choice among all first-line treatment options for ABC. The combination of trastuzumab with TKIs (Pyrotinib) demonstrated a significant improvement in PFS and ORR, but further data are warranted to confirm the survival benefit.
Topics: Humans; Female; Network Meta-Analysis; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Breast Neoplasms; Trastuzumab; Receptor, ErbB-2; Docetaxel; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
PubMed: 38244085
DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05530-3 -
ESMO Open Jun 2023In hormone receptor-positive (HoR+) breast cancer (BC), gene expression analysis identifies luminal A (LumA), luminal B (LumB), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
In hormone receptor-positive (HoR+) breast cancer (BC), gene expression analysis identifies luminal A (LumA), luminal B (LumB), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched (HER2-E), basal-like (BL) intrinsic subtypes and a normal-like group. This classification has an established prognostic value in early-stage HoR+ BC. Here, we carried out a trial-level meta-analysis to determine the prognostic ability of subtypes in metastatic BC (MBC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We systematically reviewed all the available prospective phase II/III trials in HoR+ MBC where subtype was assessed. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS)/time to progression (TTP) of the LumA subtype compared to non-LumA. Secondary endpoints were PFS/TTP of each individual subtype, according to treatment, menopausal and HER2 status and overall survival (OS). The random-effect model was applied, and heterogeneity assessed through Cochran's Q and I. Threshold for significance was set at P < 0.05. The study was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021255769).
RESULTS
Seven studies were included (2536 patients). Non-LumA represented 55.2% and was associated with worse PFS/TTP than LumA [hazard ratio (HR) 1.77, P < 0.001, I = 61%], independently of clinical HER2 status [P (P) = 0.16], systemic treatment (P = 0.96) and menopausal status (P = 0.12). Non-LumA tumors also showed worse OS (HR 2.00, P < 0.001, I = 65%), with significantly different outcomes for LumB (PFS/TTP HR 1.46; OS HR 1.41), HER2-E (PFS/TTP HR 2.39; OS HR 2.08) and BL (PFS/TTP HR 2.67; OS HR 3.26), separately (PFS/TTP P = 0.01; OS P = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses supported the main result. No publication bias was observed.
CONCLUSIONS
In HoR+ MBC, non-LumA disease is associated with poorer PFS/TTP and OS than LumA, independently of HER2, treatment and menopausal status. Future trials in HoR+ MBC should consider this clinically relevant biological classification.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Antineoplastic Agents; Proportional Hazards Models
PubMed: 37075698
DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101214 -
Cureus Aug 2021The second most prevalent endocrine condition affecting women of reproductive age is thyroid disease. The difference between an increased thyroid-stimulating hormone... (Review)
Review
The second most prevalent endocrine condition affecting women of reproductive age is thyroid disease. The difference between an increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration and a normal free thyroxine hormone level is used to identify subclinical hypothyroidism. Thyroid autoantibodies, independent of thyroid hormone levels, are used to diagnose autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD). Thyroxine can help infertile women with these two types of thyroid illnesses have better birth outcomes during fertility treatment. We performed a systematic review using PubMed (Medline) as a major database and some other sources EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct. We concentrated on four studies, including 806 patients. Our goal is to investigate the efficacy and risks of levothyroxine therapy in infertile women who are receiving fertility treatments and have subclinical hypothyroidism or adequate thyroid function as well as thyroid autoimmunity (euthyroid autoimmune thyroid disorder). Thyroid activity in hypothyroid women should be tracked at pregnancy confirmation and closely monitored during the pregnancy. Early in pregnancy, the dosage of levothyroxine (LT4) can be raised. To ensure optimum TSH levels during breastfeeding, we recommend that patients who are followed in the primary sector have their LT4 dose increased by their general practitioner before their first referral to an endocrinological outpatient clinic. It's important to pay more attention to and track pregnant women with hypothyroidism, who consider pregnancy, to get the best results. LT4 therapy can help subfertile women with subclinical hypothyroidism who are having in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) since it improves embryo growth, implantation rate, and live birth rate.
PubMed: 34513447
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16872 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2023In vertebrates fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a phosphate regulating hormone closely linked to calcium regulation by vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH)....
In vertebrates fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a phosphate regulating hormone closely linked to calcium regulation by vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Although phosphorus, calcium and vitamin D are important for poultry well-being, relatively little is known about their levels of FGF23. Our objective was to quantitatively estimate the blood FGF23 level in birds, and to examine its relationship to diet and blood levels of other components of phosphate and calcium homeostasis. A systematic search of Agricola, Embase and Medline identified 86 studies focused on FGF23 in birds, from which 12 manuscripts reporting data for 60 independent groups of chickens were included in the analysis. FGF23 levels were 256 pg/ml (Confidence interval (CI): 215, 297) in broilers (39 datasets containing 435 birds), and 256 pg/ml (CI: 178, 339) in egg-laying hens (21 datasets containing 208 birds). FGF23 levels did not correlate with dietary phosphorus, calcium or vitamin D, or with plasma calcium or PTH. FGF23 levels demonstrated a trend to positively correlate with plasma phosphate and a strongly and positive correlation with plasma vitamin D. This study provides normative estimates of FGF23 levels in poultry birds and new insights into the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis.
PubMed: 37908340
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1279204 -
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes Sep 2020Endometriosis is one of the most common causes of infertility. The causes of the disease and its definitive treatments are still unclear. Moreover, Anti-Mullerian... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The effect of unilateral and bilateral laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis on Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) level after 3 and 6 months: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Endometriosis is one of the most common causes of infertility. The causes of the disease and its definitive treatments are still unclear. Moreover, Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein dimer that is a member of the transient growth factors family. This research work aimed to identify the effect of unilateral and bilateral laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis on AMH levels after 3 months, and 6 months, using meta-analysis.
METHODS
In this study, the articles published in national and international databases of SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Cochrane, Embase, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (ISI) were searched to find electronically published studies between 2010 and 2019. The heterogeneous index between studies was determined using the I index.
RESULTS
In this meta-analysis and systematic review, 19 articles were eligible for inclusion in the study. The standardized mean difference was obtained in examining of unilateral laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis (before intervention 2.8 ± 0.11, and after 3 months 2.05 ± 0.13; and before intervention 3.1 ± 0.46 and after 6 months 2.08 ± 0.31), and in examining bilateral laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis examination (before intervention 2.0 ± 08.08, and after 3 months 1.1 ± 0.1; and before intervention 2.9 ± 0.23 and after 6 months 1.4 ± 0.19).
CONCLUSION
The results of this study demonstrate that unilateral and bilateral laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis is effective on AMH levels, and the level decreases in both comparisons.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Mullerian Hormone; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Laparoscopy; Ovarian Reserve; Quality of Life
PubMed: 32972380
DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01561-3 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2022The safety of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in childhood and the role of rhGH therapy in promoting tumorigenesis and progression have been the...
OBJECTIVES
The safety of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in childhood and the role of rhGH therapy in promoting tumorigenesis and progression have been the subject of debate for decades. We aimed to systematically assess the relationship between rhGH therapy in children and adolescents and clinical outcomes, including all-cause mortality, cancer mortality, cancer incidence, and risk of the second neoplasm.
METHODS
Literature retrieval, study selection, and data extraction were completed independently and in duplicate. Effect-size estimates are expressed as standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), standardized incidence ratio (SIR), and relative risk (RR) with a 95% CI.
RESULTS
Data from 24 articles, involving 254,776 persons, were meta-analyzed. Overall analyses revealed the association of rhGH therapy was not statistically significant with all-cause mortality (SMR = 1.28; 95% CI: 0.58-2.84; = 0.547; = 99.2%; Tau = 2.154) and cancer mortality (SMR = 2.59; 95% CI: 0.55-12.09; = 0.228; = 96.7%; Tau = 2.361) and also cancer incidence (SIR = 1.54; 95% CI: 0.68-3.47; = 0.229; = 97.5%; Tau = 2.287), yet statistical significance was observed for second neoplasm (RR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.33-2.35; = 0.001; = 26.7%; Tau = 0.055). Differences in the geographic region, gender, treatment duration, mean rhGH dose, overall rhGH exposure dose, and initial disease accounted for heterogeneity in the subgroup analyses.
CONCLUSION
Our findings indicate that the rhGH therapy is not related to all-cause mortality and cancer mortality and cancer incidence, yet it seems to trigger a second tumor risk. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings and answer the more challenging question regarding the optimal dose of rhGH therapy in children and adolescents.
PubMed: 35529328
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.866295 -
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Jan 2024The current study aims to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 infection and vaccination on ovarian reserve by detecting the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) level. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
The current study aims to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 infection and vaccination on ovarian reserve by detecting the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) level.
METHOD
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus has been searched for studies assessing the effect of COVID-19 infection and/or vaccination on AMH levels up to February 27, 2023. Based on PRISMA 2020 statement criteria, a systematic review and meta-analysis of included studies were performed. The studies' quality was assessed by the National Institute of Health (NIH) quality assessment tool. The standardized mean difference (MD) of the AMH level was used and the quantitative values of each study were pooled separately by using a random effect model.
RESULTS
Out of 246 studies screened, 18 were included in the systematic review and 14 in the meta-analysis. Included studies were published between 2021 and 2022 and were conducted in different countries, including the USA (n = 3), China (n = 2), Russia (n = 2), Turkey (n = 5), Israel (n = 3), Czech (n = 2), and Spain (n = 1). Eight studies investigated the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on AMH levels, and ten studies investigated the possible effect of COVID-19 vaccination on AMH levels. The pooled analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in AMH levels after COVID-19 infection (SMD: -0.24; 95% CI: -0.36 to -0.11; I2 = 0%; p = .0003). Vaccination analysis showed a nonstatistically significant change in AMH levels after COVID-19 vaccination (SMD: -0.11; 95% CI: -0.25 to 0.04; I2 = 35%; p = .14).
CONCLUSION
COVID-19 infection can result in ovarian reserve injury by reducing the AMH level but getting vaccinated against COVID-19 has no impact on the AMH level.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Mullerian Hormone; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccination; Transforming Growth Factor beta
PubMed: 38270314
DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1136