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International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2022Mitochondria dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Exercise training is potentially an effective non-pharmacological strategy... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Mitochondria dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Exercise training is potentially an effective non-pharmacological strategy to restore mitochondrial health in CVD. However, how exercise modifies mitochondrial functionality is inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review using the PubMed; Scopus and Web of Science databases to investigate the effect of exercise training on mitochondrial function in CVD patients. Search terms included “mitochondria”, “exercise”, “aerobic capacity”, and “cardiovascular disease” in varied combination. The search yielded 821 records for abstract screening, of which 20 articles met the inclusion criteria. We summarized the effect of exercise training on mitochondrial morphology, biogenesis, dynamics, oxidative capacity, antioxidant capacity, and quality. Amongst these parameters, only oxidative capacity was suitable for a meta-analysis, which demonstrated a significant effect size of exercise in improving mitochondrial oxidative capacity in CVD patients (SMD = 4.78; CI = 2.99 to 6.57; p < 0.01), but with high heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 75%, p = 0.003). Notably, aerobic exercise enhanced succinate-involved oxidative phosphorylation. The majority of the results suggested that exercise improves morphology and biogenesis, whereas findings on dynamic, antioxidant capacity, and quality, were inadequate or inconclusive. A further randomized controlled trial is clearly required to explain how exercise modifies the pathway of mitochondrial quantity and quality in CVD patients.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Exercise; Cardiovascular Diseases; Mitochondria; Succinates
PubMed: 36293409
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012559 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022Mixed urinary incontinence increasingly undermines women's quality of life. Previous studies showed some effects of acupuncture for MUI, but no systematic review has...
BACKGROUND
Mixed urinary incontinence increasingly undermines women's quality of life. Previous studies showed some effects of acupuncture for MUI, but no systematic review has been done to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for MUI in women.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for women with MUI.
METHODS
Ten databases (i.e., PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, the Cochrane Library, CBM, Scoups, CNKI, VIP and WANFANG DATA) were searched up to July 19th, 2021, using tailored search strategies with keywords not limited to "female," "mixed urinary incontinence," "acupuncture," and "randomized controlled trial," etc. RCTs and quasi-RCTs were included if investigating effect of any type of acupuncture for female patients with MUI. Data were extracted from eligible studies, and risks of bias were assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook from seven aspects using the RevMan 5.4 software.
RESULTS
A total of three randomized studies with 591 women were included. The risk of bias among the studies varied, with major concerns on blinding of participants and outcome assessor. Liu's study (497) mainly showed that electroacupuncture's effect on reduction of numbers of incontinence, urgency, nocturia episodes, and amount of urine leakage etc. was not inferior to that of PFMT-Solifenacin group at 12, 24, and 36 weeks. Zhan's study (60) showed that electroacupuncture reduced significantly more amount of urine leakage than Tolterodine at 8 weeks, with no data on incontinence episodes frequency. All 3 studies reported that acupuncture significantly increased the quality of life assessed by ICIQ score. In addition, incidence of acupuncture-related adverse events was rare, while antimuscarinic agents related adverse events were common in two studies.
CONCLUSION
Although acupuncture showed some benefit for women with MUI, more evidences were required to draw a solid conclusion of effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for women with MUI.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42021224600.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Female; Humans; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Solifenacin Succinate; Urinary Incontinence
PubMed: 35372235
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.827853 -
International Urology and Nephrology Apr 2024Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome is an uncommon disease. We present a confirmed case of TINU syndrome, and a systematic review of epidemiological...
PURPOSE
Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome is an uncommon disease. We present a confirmed case of TINU syndrome, and a systematic review of epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, management, and outcomes in Chinese patients.
METHODS
A systematic search was carried out using defined terms and updated up to September 2022, in PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang, CNKI, and VIP, to identify reported cases of TINU in China, according to PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS
An 18-year-old boy presented with elevated serum creatinine and 24-h urine protein level of > 2 g. Inspection result revealed acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, and bilateral uveitis. The patient was diagnosed with TINU syndrome and received treatment with methylprednisolone sodium succinate, which resulted in a significant decrease in creatinine and urinary protein levels. Systematic review identified 35 publications that met the inclusion criteria. A total of 71 cases were included in this article, of which 70 were from publications and 1 was from our hospital. The median age at onset was 42 years and was significantly lower in males than females (P < 0.05). The symptoms of uveitis often occurred after kidney injury (54%) and most uveitis was anterior (55%) and bilateral (75%). Among the 51 patients who were followed up for more than 6 months, 24 had recurrent ocular symptoms or progression to chronic uveitis. Twenty patients experienced chronic or progressive kidney disease.
CONCLUSION
TINU syndrome is prone to misdiagnosis because kidney damage may not occur simultaneously with uveitis. The incidence of kidney sequelae in children is lower than that in adults, and glucocorticoids are the preferred treatment.
INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER
INPLASY202350050.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; China; Glucocorticoids; Nephritis, Interstitial; Uveitis
PubMed: 37755610
DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03797-6 -
Biological Research For Nursing Oct 2020Chronic pain is a significant public health problem in the United States, affecting approximately 100 million people. Yet there is a lack of robust biomarkers for...
BACKGROUND
Chronic pain is a significant public health problem in the United States, affecting approximately 100 million people. Yet there is a lack of robust biomarkers for clinical use in chronic pain conditions. Downstream effects of environmental, genomic, and proteomic variations in individuals with chronic pain conditions can be identified and quantified using a metabolomic approach.
AIM/DESIGN
The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the literature for reports of potential metabolomic signatures associated with chronic pain conditions.
METHODS
We searched relevant electronic databases for published studies that used various metabolomic approaches to investigate chronic pain conditions among subjects of all ages.
RESULTS
Our search identified a total of 586 articles, 18 of which are included in this review. The reviewed studies used metabolomics to investigate fibromyalgia ( = 5), osteoarthritis ( = 4), migraine ( = 3), musculoskeletal pain ( = 2), and other chronic pain conditions ( = 1/condition). Results show that several known and newly identified metabolites differ in individuals with chronic pain conditions compared to those without these conditions. These include amino acids (e.g., glutamine, serine, and phenylalanine) and intermediate products (e.g., succinate, citrate, acetylcarnitine, and N-acetylornithine) of pathways that metabolize various macromolecules.
CONCLUSION
Though more high-quality research is needed, this review provides insights into potential biomarkers for future metabolomics studies in people with chronic pain conditions.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Chronic Pain; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; United States
PubMed: 32666804
DOI: 10.1177/1099800420941105 -
OncoTargets and Therapy 2019Renal cell cancer (RCC) syndrome is linked to Krebs cycle compartments and their coding genes' alterations like genes (). Here we present a systematic review of the SDH...
INTRODUCTION
Renal cell cancer (RCC) syndrome is linked to Krebs cycle compartments and their coding genes' alterations like genes (). Here we present a systematic review of the SDH genes' mutations and their impact on both RCC diagnosis and prognosis.
METHODS
This systematic review includes any study in which tissue samples of RCC are considered in correlation with the SDHx mutations, microsatellite instability (MSI), and protein expression. For this purpose, a systematic search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases was conducted and finally 5384 articles were recruited. All studies' content was checked to find the related ones which were 145 articles, which with data extraction were limited to nineteen.
RESULTS
The final selected nineteen studies investigating the role in RCC tumor genesis were included, among which fifteen were mutation analysis, three were just protein expression, and two were MSI and mutation analysis studies. A total of 432 RCC patients were reported by mutations, and 64 patients with MSI and expression change were reported in 514 surgically resected renal epithelial tumors. The most common mutation was the single nucleotide variant rs772551056 (c.137G>A) of . For , presented in 48 RCC patients, and for a novel germline mutation c.2T>C: p.M1T in an occasional case of gastrointestinal stromal tumor intricate with RCC.
CONCLUSION
RCC as an aggressive type of kidney cancer needs some biomarkers to be diagnosed exactly. It was shown recently that the succinate dehydrogenase gene variations can provide this diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. For this purpose, SDHB rs772551056 associated with its protein expression alterations can be taken into account. It is possible that a novel mutation of SDHA (c.2T>C: p.M1T) can provide evidence of GIST associated with RCC as well.
PubMed: 31579262
DOI: 10.2147/OTT.S207460 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2021In this study, we aimed to detect Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Iron Sulfur Subunit B (SDHB) frequency in paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas (PPGL) with...
Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Iron Sulfur Subunit B (SDHB) Immunohistochemistry in Pheochromocytoma, Head and Neck Paraganglioma, Thoraco-Abdomino-Pelvic Paragangliomas: Is It a Good Idea to Use in Routine Work?
BACKGROUND
In this study, we aimed to detect Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Iron Sulfur Subunit B (SDHB) frequency in paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas (PPGL) with immunohistochemistry; compare with Pheochromacytoma of the Adrenal Gland Scaled Score (PASS) classification and analyse the differences between pheochromocytoma (Pheo), head-neck paragangliomas (HNPGL) and thoraco-abdominal-pelvic paraganglioma (TAPPGL) sub-groups.
METHODS
A total 114 PPGL cases (73 HNPGL, 15 TAPPGL and 27 Pheo belonging to 112 cases) are included. Immunohistochemically, SDHB and Ki-67 are investigated and malignancy risks are determined by PASS classification. Results are assessed statistically with chi-square test and p <0,01 is considered significant.
RESULTS
SDHB mutations are observed in 20 of 114 (17.54 %) PPGL cases, 3 (11,12%) of which is Pheo, 12 (16,44) is HNPGL, and 5 (35,71%) is TAPPGL (P <0,02). While 15/82 (18,29%) cases with SDHB mutations do not have a malignancy potential according to PASS classification, 5/32 (15,63%) cases has (p=0,73). TAPPGL, HNPGL and Pheo sub-groups have a significant difference between SDHB expression (p <0,02), malignancy potential according to PASS classification (p <0,0001) and Ki-67 proliferation index (p <0,0001).
CONCLUSION
To identify patients for molecular pathological examination, routine application of SDHB immunohistochemistry to PPGL tumors are suggested especially in HNPGLs.
Topics: Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Paraganglioma; Pheochromocytoma; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Thoracic Neoplasms
PubMed: 34181326
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1721 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2020Interactions are occurring in the course of liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of active ingredients, or at the target receptors. They are...
Interactions are occurring in the course of liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of active ingredients, or at the target receptors. They are causing therapy failures and undesirable events. Forty-seven of fifty-seven human hepatic isoenzymes are specific and relevant in hormone and vitamin metabolism and biosynthesis. Aromatase (syn. CYP19A1) is one of the specific CYP450 isoenzymes so far not elucidated in detail. As aromatase-inhibiting phytochemicals are currently recommended for breast cancer prevention and as add-on accompanying aromatase-inhibitor pharmacotherapy, it was the aim of this literature review to assess whether a common interpretation on genetic and -omics basis could be found. Articles retrieved showed that traditional antioxidation diet is one of the most approved explanations of inhibition of aromatase by phytonutrients of flavonoid derivatives. Flavonoids compete for the oxygen provided by the heme moiety of aromatase in the course of aromatase-catalyzed conversion of steroid precursors to estrogens. Flavonoids are therefore promoted for breast cancer prevention. A further explanation of flavonoids' mechanism of action proposed was related to enzymatic histone deacetylation. By keeping DNA-structure wide through a high acetylation degree, acetylated histones favor transcription and replication. This mechanism corresponds to a procedure of switching genes on. Inhibiting acetylation and therefore switching genes off might be an important regulation of repressing cancer genes. Aromatase expression depends on the genotype and phenotype of a person. Aromatase itself depends on the expression of the heme moiety encoded in the genotype. Biosynthesis of porphyrins in turn depends on the substrates succinate and glycine, as well as on a series of further enzymes, with ALA synthetase as the rate-limiting step. The effect of the heme moiety as prosthetic group of aromatase further depends on the absorption of iron as a function of pH and redox state. To assess the function of aromatase precisely, multiple underlying biochemical pathways need to be evaluated. As a conclusion, the genetic regulation of metabolism is a complex procedure affecting multiple pathways. To understand a metabolic step, multiple underlying individually performing reactions need to be considered if personalized (nutritional) medicine should bring an advantage for a patient. Nutrition sciences need to consider the genome of an individual to truly find answers to nutrition-derived non-communicable diseases. With current GWAS (genome-wide association study) approaches, inherited errors of metabolism are identified and ideally treated effectively. It is much more difficult to get a precise genetic profile for non-communicable diseases stemming from multifactorial causes. Polygenic risks evaluation is feasible but diagnostic tools are not yet available in a desired extent. Neither flavonoid researchers nor providers of genetic testing kits are going into the details needed for a truly personalized nutritional medicine. The next step with profiling the exome and then the whole genome is on the threshold of becoming routine diagnosis and of bringing the desired details.
PubMed: 32328497
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00037 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2022To summarize the differences in urodynamic outcomes between oral antimuscarinic drugs and OnabotulinumtoxinA, and finding a therapy that maintains good urodynamics in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Efficacy, according to urodynamics, of OnabotulinumtoxinA compared with antimuscarinic drugs, for neurogenic detrusor overactivity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
To summarize the differences in urodynamic outcomes between oral antimuscarinic drugs and OnabotulinumtoxinA, and finding a therapy that maintains good urodynamics in neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO). We conducted a literature search of EMBASE and PubMed, with the language limited to English. In the analysis, all of the published randomized trials of OnabotulinumtoxinA or antimuscarinic drugs used to treat NDO were found and the results were finally obtained through Bayesian model analysis. A total of 12 RCTs and 2208 patients were included. OnabotulinumtoxinA 300U was superior to other drugs in terms of MCC, volume at IDC, and Pdet endpoints. OnabotulinumtoxinA 200U was more effective on the urodynamic endpoint of BC than other drugs or doses of OnabotulinumtoxinA. According to the MCC urodynamic results, oxybutynin, solifenacin 10 mg, and tolterodine 4 mg also had positive effects. OnabotulinumtoxinA 300U, 200U and 100U were better in improving the urodynamic results of NDO, and the current evidence also shows that selective injection of onabotulinumtoxinA can effectively improve the urodynamic results.
Topics: Humans; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Urodynamics; Muscarinic Antagonists; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic; Solifenacin Succinate; Network Meta-Analysis; Tolterodine Tartrate; Bayes Theorem; Treatment Outcome; Urinary Bladder, Overactive
PubMed: 36289427
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22765-1 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2021Paragangliomas (PGLs) are neuroendocrine neoplasms arising from chromaffin cells of sympathetic or parasympathetic paraganglia. Systemic therapies have been used only in...
BACKGROUND
Paragangliomas (PGLs) are neuroendocrine neoplasms arising from chromaffin cells of sympathetic or parasympathetic paraganglia. Systemic therapies have been used only in metastatic PGLs. Antiangiogenic agents, such as sunitinib, could be a viable therapeutic choice in the subgroup of patients with -positive PGLs. We describe the case of a man with Familial Paraganglioma Syndrome type 1 (FPGL) related to a novel mutation in gene treated with sunitinib. Furthermore, we performed a systematic review of the literature aimed to address the following question: is sunitinib treatment effective in patients with advanced/progressive/metastatic PGL?
METHODS
We performed a data search using MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus between April 2019 and September 2020. We included studies reporting data on clinical or biological characteristics, or clinical outcomes of patients with PGLs treated with sunitinib.
RESULTS
The search leaded to the selection of 25 publications. Data from case reports and case series showed that disease control rate (DCR = stable disease + partial response + complete response) was achieved in 34.7% of cases under sunitinib treatment. In 39% of patients DCR was followed by progressive disease (PD) or tumor relapse, 26.1% patients showed PD. Data from clinical trials showed that DCR was 83%, and the median progression free survival was 13.4 months.
DISCUSSION
Data from the present literature review suggested that sunitinib could be a viable therapeutic option in advanced/progressive/metastatic inoperable PGLs. However, further trials on the efficacy of sunitinib in FPGL and sporadic PGL are needed.
PubMed: 34221997
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.677983 -
BMC Anesthesiology Mar 2020The evidence base for the widely accepted standard regimen of succinylcholine for rapid sequence induction (1.0 mg kg) remains unclear. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The evidence base for the widely accepted standard regimen of succinylcholine for rapid sequence induction (1.0 mg kg) remains unclear.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing any succinylcholine regimen with the standard regimen (1.0 mg kg) and reporting on intubating conditions and/or apnoea times. Results were expressed as absolute risk differences (ARD) for dichotomous data and mean differences (MD) for continuous data.
RESULTS
We retrieved six trials with relevant data of 864 patients (ASA 1 or 2, aged 18-65 years, body mass index < 30 kg m). Four regimens (0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 mg kg) were compared with 1.0 mg kg in at least three trials each, and three (0.8, 1.5, 2 mg kg) in one each. With 0.3 to 0.5 mg kg, the likelihood of excellent intubating conditions was significantly decreased (ARD - 22% to - 67%). With 0.3 and 0.4 mg kg, but not with 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.5 and 2.0 mg kg, the likelihood of unacceptable intubating conditions was significantly increased (ARD + 22% and + 32%, respectively). With 2.0 mg kg, but not with 0.8 or 1.5 mg kg, the likelihood of excellent intubating conditions was significantly increased (ARD + 23%). Apnoea times were significantly shorter with regimens ≤0.8 mg kg (MD - 1.0 to - 3.4 min) but were not reported with 1.5 or 2.0 mg kg.
CONCLUSIONS
With succinylcholine regimens ≤0.5 mg kg, excellent intubating conditions are less likely and apnoea times are shorter, compared with 1 mg kg. With 0.3 and 0.4 mg kg, unacceptable intubating conditions are more common. Succinylcholine 1.5 mg kg does not produce more often excellent conditions compared with 1 mg kg, while 2.0 mg kg does, but the database with these regimens is weak and apnoea times remain unknown. Limited information size and strong statistical heterogeneity decrease the certainty of the evidence.
Topics: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rapid Sequence Induction and Intubation; Succinylcholine
PubMed: 32122305
DOI: 10.1186/s12871-020-00968-1