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Dental and Medical Problems 2022The current outbreak of monkeypox infection has caught the attention of people worldwide. Updated data showed a dramatic increase in the number of patients in many... (Review)
Review
The current outbreak of monkeypox infection has caught the attention of people worldwide. Updated data showed a dramatic increase in the number of patients in many non-endemic countries. An emergence of monkeypox together with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a tremendous burden on the healthcare system, globally. The aim of this review was to briefly describe the current situation, transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, and prevention of the disease. Oral manifestations of monkeypox as well as those of similar viral diseases were elaborately delineated. The outbreak of monkeypox in non-endemic regions has expanded to at least 47 countries with more than 4,100 new infections. The clinical features in non-endemic regions are atypical and different from those in central and western Africa. Milder symptoms with no death cases have been observed. The oral mucosa is often involved and oral lesions may initially be manifested before the rash spreads to the face and other parts of the body. The diagnosis of monkeypox is mainly based on clinical presentations and laboratory investigations. Prevention by avoiding close contacts with patients and sick animals and providing vaccination to those who have a primary contact with patients is essential. Oral manifestations may occur prior to skin eruptions, suggesting that dentists and dental personnel should be well aware of the nature of the disease. Prevention and public awareness of the disease are crucial for mitigating further human-to-human transmission.
Topics: Animals; COVID-19; Disease Outbreaks; Exanthema; Humans; Mpox (monkeypox); Monkeypox virus
PubMed: 36206497
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/152071 -
The Japanese Dental Science Review Dec 2023Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and periodontal disease are chronic inflammatory conditions that significantly affect an individual's overall health and... (Review)
Review
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and periodontal disease are chronic inflammatory conditions that significantly affect an individual's overall health and well-being. Generally, the prevalence of periodontitis is higher in patients with COPD than those without COPD, which may partly be attributed to common risk factors in COPD, such as smoking, respiratory infections, and inflammation. In particular, periodontitis may exacerbate the progression of COPD and further deteriorate the respiratory system by promoting inflammatory responses and bacterial infections. Immunocytes, including neutrophils, and microorganisms such as originating from oral biofilms are believed to be crucial factors influencing to COPD. Furthermore, the potential benefits of treating periodontal disease in COPD outcomes have been investigated. Although the relationship between COPD and periodontal disease has been preliminarily studied, there is currently a lack of large-scale clinical studies to validate this association. In addition to clinical examinations, investigating biomarkers and microbiology may contribute to explore the underlying mechanisms involved in the management of these conditions. This review aims to contribute to a better understanding of the clinical and basic research aspects of COPD and periodontitis, allowing for potential therapeutic approaches and interdisciplinary management strategies.
PubMed: 38022389
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.10.004 -
Intractable & Rare Diseases Research Feb 2023Dent disease is an X-linked recessive renal tubular disorder, which is mainly caused by mutations of the gene and gene. It is characterized by low molecular weight...
Dent disease is an X-linked recessive renal tubular disorder, which is mainly caused by mutations of the gene and gene. It is characterized by low molecular weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis, and progressive renal failure. Nephrotic syndrome is a glomerular disorder characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. In this study, we report two cases of Dent disease manifesting as nephrotic syndrome. Two patients were initially diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome due to edema, nephrotic range proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia, and responded to prednisone and tacrolimus therapy. Genetic testing revealed mutations in the and genes. They were eventually diagnosed with Dent disease. Nephrotic syndrome is a rare and insidious phenotype of Dent disease, and its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Patients with nephrotic syndrome are recommended to routinely undergo urinary protein classification and urinary calcium testing, especially those with frequently recurrent nephrotic syndrome and poor response to steroid and immunosuppressive therapy. To date, there is no effective drug treatment for Dent disease. About 30% to 80% of patients progress to end-stage renal disease at the age of 30-50.
PubMed: 36873671
DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2022.01125 -
Dentistry Journal Apr 2024Numerous studies have proven the important role of the oral microbiota in health and disease. The dysfunctionality of the oral microbiota, known as dysbiosis, is... (Review)
Review
Numerous studies have proven the important role of the oral microbiota in health and disease. The dysfunctionality of the oral microbiota, known as dysbiosis, is incriminated in dental caries, periodontal disease, oral infectious diseases, oral cancer, and systemic disease. The lesser-known component of the oral microbiota, the mycobiota, is now assiduously investigated. Recent technological developments have helped foster the identification of new fungal species based on genomic research. Next-generation sequencing has expanded our knowledge about the diversity, architecture, and relationships of oral microorganisms within the oral cavity. The mycobiome structure and relationships with the bacteriome have been studied to identify a mycobiotic signature. This review aimed to emphasize the latest knowledge of the oral mycobiome.
PubMed: 38668027
DOI: 10.3390/dj12040115 -
Dental and Medical Problems 2021The infection with a new type of virus - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) - called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first described in... (Review)
Review
The infection with a new type of virus - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) - called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first described in December 2019, in Wuhan, China. Due to the gastrointestinal mucosa tropism of the virus, an attempt was made to describe the oral manifestations of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which permits the attachment of the virus, is present also in the oral cavity. There are many symptoms in the oral cavity; among them, the most prevalent ones are dysgeusia (taste disorders), oral pain, the exacerbation of autoimmune diseases as well as the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) infections. Ulcerations and aphthous stomatitis are also often mentioned. The research shows that there are many oral symptoms in COVID-19, but the coexistence with the main disease has not been fully stated and understood. There is still no clearance on whether the oral symptoms are the manifestations of the disease or occur due to the loss of the immune response. Therefore, further studies on this subject should be conducted.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Mouth Diseases; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33590976
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/131989 -
International Dental Journal Aug 2022The oral cavity functions in eating, speaking, socializing, and serving as a natural barrier to external pathogens. In the prevention of oral function decline in older... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The oral cavity functions in eating, speaking, socializing, and serving as a natural barrier to external pathogens. In the prevention of oral function decline in older people, oral health conditions should be maintained through public health actions.
METHODS
This article discusses public health actions to prevent oral functional decline through addressing three major issues among older people: tooth loss, hyposalivation, and oral cancer. Negative impacts of tooth loss, hyposalivation, and oral cancer will be described, followed by describing public health approaches to prevent these problems RESULTS: Tooth loss, commonly caused by dental caries and periodontal diseases, affects one's ability to eat, speak, and socialize freely. Prevention of tooth loss can be done in clinical settings, community settings, and through national policies. Saliva plays an important role in eating, swallowing, and protecting oral mucosa from pathogens. The major causes of dry mouth are polypharmacy and the use of anticholinergic medications among older people. Public health actions to promote collaboration between dentists and doctors in the adjustment of drug prescriptions are warranted. Oral cancer can affect oral function largely both from the disease itself and from cancer treatments due to the destruction of oral structures and salivary gland function. Tobacco use and alcohol consumption are major risk factors for oral cancer; they also contribute to various systemic diseases and cancers of other organs.
CONCLUSIONS
Public health policies and interventions using the common risk factor approaches to tackle tobacco and alcohol consumption should be encouraged. Rather than focusing on older people, the prevention of oral function decline should be planned through a life-course perspective.
Topics: Aged; Dental Caries; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Oral Health; Periodontal Diseases; Tooth Loss; Xerostomia
PubMed: 36031322
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.05.008 -
International Journal of Clinical... 2020An emergent pneumonia outbreak, denoted as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO) originated in Wuhan City, in late December 2019 and... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
An emergent pneumonia outbreak, denoted as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO) originated in Wuhan City, in late December 2019 and spread at an alarming rate to become a pandemic affecting more than 200 countries. The COVID-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which is highly contagious and is associated with a high mortality rate. The current COVID-19 outbreak has created a major havoc among every strata of the society with a detrimental impact on healthcare professionals, including dentists limiting their capabilities at large. The transmission of virus through aerosols produced by high- and low-speed handpieces, ultrasonic scalers, air/water syringes, or an infected patient coughing, and even when taking intraoral radiographs has made it difficult for dental personnel to provide even the most basic services to the needful. The virus survives on environmental surfaces for extended periods of time, including metal and plastic surfaces commonly found in dental offices making it utmost necessary to follow the precautions and recommendations issued by various organizations in order to contain its spread. This article aims to provide the latest knowledge encompassing the various aspects of COVID-19 to pediatric dentists in India.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Goswami M, Sharma S, Kumar G, Dealing with "Coronavirus Pandemic": A Dental Outlook. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(3):269-278.
PubMed: 32904125
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1757 -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Nov 2019This review examines calcium and phosphate transport in the kidney through the lens of the rare X-linked genetic disorder Dent disease. Dent disease type 1 (DD1) is... (Review)
Review
This review examines calcium and phosphate transport in the kidney through the lens of the rare X-linked genetic disorder Dent disease. Dent disease type 1 (DD1) is caused by mutations in the CLCN5 gene encoding ClC-5, a Cl /H antiporter localized to early endosomes of the proximal tubule (PT). Phenotypic features commonly include low molecular weight proteinuria (LMWP), hypercalciuria, focal global sclerosis and chronic kidney disease; calcium nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis and hypophosphatemic rickets are less commonly observed. Although it is not surprising that abnormal endosomal function and recycling in the PT could result in LMWP, it is less clear how ClC-5 dysfunction disturbs calcium and phosphate metabolism. It is known that the majority of calcium and phosphate transport occurs in PT cells, and PT endocytosis is essential for calcium and phosphorus reabsorption in this nephron segment. Evidence from ClC-5 KO models suggests that ClC-5 mediates parathormone endocytosis from tubular fluid. In addition, ClC-5 dysfunction alters expression of the sodium/proton exchanger NHE3 on the PT apical surface thus altering transcellular sodium movement and hence paracellular calcium reabsorption. A potential role for NHE3 dysfunction in the DD1 phenotype has never been investigated, either in DD models or in patients with DD1, even though patients with DD1 exhibit renal sodium and potassium wasting, especially when exposed to even a low dose of thiazide diuretic. Thus, insights from the rare disease DD1 may inform possible underlying mechanisms for the phenotype of hypercalciuria and idiopathic calcium stones.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Dent Disease; Humans; Ion Channels; Ion Transport; Phosphates
PubMed: 31472005
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14590 -
The Japanese Dental Science Review Dec 2023Aggressive periodontitis (AgP), Stage III or IV and Grade C according to the new periodontitis classification, is characterized by the rapid destruction of periodontal... (Review)
Review
Aggressive periodontitis (AgP), Stage III or IV and Grade C according to the new periodontitis classification, is characterized by the rapid destruction of periodontal tissues in the systemically healthy population and often causes premature tooth loss. The presence of familial aggregation suggests the involvement of genetic factors in the pathogenesis. However, the genes associated with the onset and progression of the disease and details of its pathogenesis have not yet been fully identified. In recent years, the genome-wide approach (GWAS), a comprehensive genome analysis method using bioinformatics, has been used to search for disease-related genes, and the results have been applied in genomic medicine for various diseases, such as cancer. In this review, we discuss GWAS in the context of AgP. First, we introduce the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and susceptibility to diseases and how GWAS is useful for searching disease-related SNPs. Furthermore, we summarize the recent findings of disease-related genes using GWAS on AgP inside and outside Japan and a possible mechanism of the pathogenesis of AgP based on available literature and our research findings. These findings will lead to advancements in the prevention, prognosis, and treatment of AgP.
PubMed: 37860752
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.09.001 -
The Saudi Dental Journal Jul 2023Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory condition induced by bacterial biofilm that affects the soft and hard tissues surrounding dental implants, compromising the success... (Review)
Review
Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory condition induced by bacterial biofilm that affects the soft and hard tissues surrounding dental implants, compromising the success of implant therapy. Recent studies have highlighted the potential links between peri-implant health and systemic inflammation, including uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, psychological stress, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and infectious diseases such as COVID-19. As an inflammatory disease, peri-implantitis may trigger systemic inflammation by elevating circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which could have unknown impacts on overall health. While the relationship between periodontal health and systemic conditions is better understood, the association between peri-implant disease and systemic inflammation remains unclear. Therefore, this comprehensive review aims to summarize the most recent evidence on the relationship between peri-implantitis and systemic inflammation, focusing on biological complications, microbiology, and biomarkers. This review aims to enhance our understanding of the links between peri-implantitis and systemic inflammation and promote further research in this field by discussing the latest insights and clinical implications.
PubMed: 37520600
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.04.005