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The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Mar 2022The maintenance of balanced oral homeostasis depends on saliva. A readily available and molecularly rich source of biological fluid, saliva fulfills many functions in... (Review)
Review
The maintenance of balanced oral homeostasis depends on saliva. A readily available and molecularly rich source of biological fluid, saliva fulfills many functions in the oral cavity, including lubrication, pH buffering, and tooth mineralization. Saliva composition and flow can be modulated by different factors, including circadian rhythm, diet, age, drugs, and disease. Recent events have revealed that saliva plays a central role in the dissemination and detection of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. A working knowledge of saliva function and physiology is essential for dental health professionals.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Mouth; Oral Health; SARS-CoV-2; Saliva
PubMed: 34140141
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.05.009 -
Journal of International Society of... 2023The association between various systemic diseases and periodontitis has been explored extensively. A sedentary lifestyle plays a significant role in systemic and... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The association between various systemic diseases and periodontitis has been explored extensively. A sedentary lifestyle plays a significant role in systemic and periodontal disease progression. Therefore, lifestyle modification has been considered a component of therapeutic aspects for periodontal disease and systemic disease. This review focuses on how yoga may reduce chronic gingival inflammation by improving the body's defense, which can act more efficiently on periodontal bacteria and help maintain healthy gingiva.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE CINAHL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for all the published articles related to yoga and its systemic benefits and potential role in reducing periodontal breakdown, and the findings were summarized.
RESULTS
The practice of yoga therapy has been proven to show several benefits, such as reduced stress levels, anxiety and depression, increased antioxidant levels, reduced insulin resistance, and improved respiratory function. It also helps to improve the immune system.
CONCLUSION
Yoga can be used as a potential treatment modality adjunct to conventional periodontal therapy as it has been shown to have a potential benefit in controlling systemic risk factors.
PubMed: 37223445
DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_221_22 -
Journal of Dental Sciences Oct 2022Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. The etiology for AD includes age, genetic susceptibility, neuropathology,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. The etiology for AD includes age, genetic susceptibility, neuropathology, and infection. Periodontitis is an infectious and inflammatory disease which mainly causes alveolar bone destruction and tooth loss. The evidence of a link between AD and periodontitis remains controversial. Thus far, studies reviewing the association between AD and periodontal disease have been insufficient from the viewpoint of the oral microbiome. The aim of this review was to focus on studies that have explored the relationship between the oral microbiome and AD development by using the next-generation sequencing technique.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comprehensive electronic search of MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted. The keywords included dementia, Alzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment, periodontitis, periodontal disease, and oral microbiome.
RESULTS
This review included 26 articles based on the eligibility criteria. Epidemiologic researches and post-mortem studies showed that the presence of periodontitis is associated with cognitive decline, suggesting a possible role of periodontal pathogens in the pathogenesis of AD. The reported microbiome was inconsistent with those in gene sequencing studies. Nevertheless, Gram-negative species may be possible candidates.
CONCLUSION
This review suggests that periodontal infection is associated with AD. The contributing microbiome remains unconfirmed, possibly because of different microbiome sampling sites or methods. Additional large-scale studies with periodontal intervention and longitudinal follow-up are warranted to clarify the relationship between periodontal disease and AD.
PubMed: 36299333
DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.07.001 -
Immunological Reviews Jan 2020Monocytes are innate immune cells essential for host protection against malaria. Upon activation, monocytes function to help reduce parasite burden through phagocytosis,... (Review)
Review
Monocytes are innate immune cells essential for host protection against malaria. Upon activation, monocytes function to help reduce parasite burden through phagocytosis, cytokine production, and antigen presentation. However, monocytes have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of severe disease through production of damaging inflammatory cytokines, resulting in systemic inflammation and vascular dysfunction. Understanding the molecular pathways influencing the balance between protection and pathology is critical. In this review, we discuss recent data regarding the role of monocytes in human malaria, including studies of innate sensing of the parasite, immunometabolism, and innate immune training. Knowledge gained from these studies may guide rational development of novel antimalarial therapies and inform vaccine development.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cytokines; Energy Metabolism; Epigenesis, Genetic; Female; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunity, Innate; Immunophenotyping; Inflammation Mediators; Leukocyte Count; Macrophages; Malaria; Monocytes; Organ Specificity; Phagocytosis; Plasmodium; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic
PubMed: 31840836
DOI: 10.1111/imr.12830 -
Kidney International Reports Jun 2023
PubMed: 37284675
DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.04.012 -
International Journal of Dentistry 2020The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly escalated into a worldwide pandemic, creating a global health and economic crisis. It is a novel virus which... (Review)
Review
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly escalated into a worldwide pandemic, creating a global health and economic crisis. It is a novel virus which is distinct from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, with Chinese horseshoe bats being the most probable origin. Transmission occurs primarily through droplet spread or contact routes. Due to the characteristics of dental settings, the risk of cross infection between dental health care personnel (DHCP) and patients can be very high. This article provides a brief overview of the structure of the virus, modes of transmission, and clinical features of COVID-19 disease. The aim of this article is to recommend infection control strategies and patient management protocols to provide optimum dental care and simultaneously prevent nosocomial infection in dental settings.
PubMed: 32565812
DOI: 10.1155/2020/8817424 -
Ideggyogyaszati Szemle Mar 2022Liver transplantation is the only curative treatment in patients with end-stage liver failure. It has been associated with neurological disorders more frequently than...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Liver transplantation is the only curative treatment in patients with end-stage liver failure. It has been associated with neurological disorders more frequently than other solid organ transplantations. We aimed to detect neurological disorders in liver transplantation patients and determine those that affect mortality.
METHODS
One hundred eighty-five patients, 105 with and 80 without neurological disorders, were included in this study. The follow-up was categorized into three periods: preoperative, early postoperative and late postoperative. We analyzed all medical records, including demographic, laboratory, radiological, and clinical data.
RESULTS
Neurological disorders were observed in 52 (28.1%) patients in the preoperative period, in 45 (24.3%) in the early postoperative, and in 42 (22.7%) in the late postoperative period. Hepatic encephalopathy in the preoperative and altered mental state in the post-operative period were the most common neurological disorders. Both hepatic encephalopathy (37.5%) and altered mental state (57.7%) caused high mortality (p=0.019 and 0.001) and were determined as indepen-dent risk factors for mortality. Living donor transplantation caused less frequent mental deterioration (p=0.049). The mortality rate (53.8%) was high in patients with seizures (p=0.019). While mortality was 28.6% in Wilson's disease patients with neurological disorders, no death was observed in patients without neurological disorders.
CONCLUSION
We identified a wide variety of neurological disorders in liver transplantation patients. We also demonstrated that serious neurological disorders, including hepatic encephalopathy and seizures, are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, in order to avoid poor outcomes, hepatic encephalopathy should be considered as a prioritization criterion for liver transplantation.
Topics: Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Transplantation; Living Donors; Seizures
PubMed: 35357787
DOI: 10.18071/isz.75.0129 -
Australian Dental Journal Mar 2020Antibiotic resistance presents a daunting challenge to health professionals worldwide and has the potential to create major problems for modern health care, resulting in... (Review)
Review
Antibiotic resistance presents a daunting challenge to health professionals worldwide and has the potential to create major problems for modern health care, resulting in more medical expenditure, extended hospital stays and increased morbidity and mortality. Advanced genome sequencing technologies present a complex picture of resistance, extending our understanding beyond the pharmacotherapeutic interface between pathogens and antibiotics. This review discusses the global scope and scale of antibiotic resistance and contextualizes it for the dental practitioner, emphasizing the role we must play in limiting the progression of resistance through antibiotic stewardship and disease prevention.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimicrobial Stewardship; Dentistry; Dentists; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Professional Role
PubMed: 31613388
DOI: 10.1111/adj.12727 -
Patient Safety in Surgery Apr 2021The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spread has seized the entire world and has created extensive health concerns in the general population. Despite... (Review)
Review
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spread has seized the entire world and has created extensive health concerns in the general population. Despite various efforts to prevent the pandemic spread, the flare-up of this disease is still soaring due to the community spread in every area. The droplet spread from the afflicted is of the highest concern because of its rapid spread to uninfected individuals. Dental treatments have to be planned and carried out with extreme caution and dental personnel should take extreme care and follow meticulous guidelines when treating an individual with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection. This article highlights the clinical picture of COVID-19 (coronavirus diseases 2019) and presents a summary of precautionary and prophylactic measures in preventing the cross-infection and the nosocomial spread of the infection in a dental setting.
PubMed: 33845838
DOI: 10.1186/s13037-021-00289-3 -
British Dental Journal Jul 2020
Topics: Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
PubMed: 32710024
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-1936-5