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International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2022The first aim of cell division is to pass the genetic material, intact and unchanged, to the next generation [...].
The first aim of cell division is to pass the genetic material, intact and unchanged, to the next generation [...].
Topics: Cell Division; DNA Damage; DNA Repair
PubMed: 35806207
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137204 -
Current Opinion in Cell Biology Apr 2021Somatic stem cells are required for tissue development, homeostasis, and repair. Recent data suggested that previous biographical experiences of individual stem cells... (Review)
Review
Somatic stem cells are required for tissue development, homeostasis, and repair. Recent data suggested that previous biographical experiences of individual stem cells influence their behavior in the context of tissue formation and govern stem cell responses to external stimuli. Here we provide a concise review how a cell's biography, for example, previous rounds of cell divisions or the age-dependent accumulation of cellular damage, is remembered in stem cells and how previous experiences affect the segregation of cellular components, thus guiding cellular behavior in vertebrate stem cells. Further, we suggest future directions of research that may help to unravel the molecular underpinnings of how past experiences guide future cellular behavior.
Topics: Cell Division; Homeostasis; Stem Cells
PubMed: 33429112
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.12.008 -
Nature Communications Sep 2023The Aurora family of kinases orchestrates chromosome segregation and cytokinesis during cell division, with precise spatiotemporal regulation of its catalytic activities...
The Aurora family of kinases orchestrates chromosome segregation and cytokinesis during cell division, with precise spatiotemporal regulation of its catalytic activities by distinct protein scaffolds. Plasmodium spp., the causative agents of malaria, are unicellular eukaryotes with three unique and highly divergent aurora-related kinases (ARK1-3) that are essential for asexual cellular proliferation but lack most canonical scaffolds/activators. Here we investigate the role of ARK2 during sexual proliferation of the rodent malaria Plasmodium berghei, using a combination of super-resolution microscopy, mass spectrometry, and live-cell fluorescence imaging. We find that ARK2 is primarily located at spindle microtubules in the vicinity of kinetochores during both mitosis and meiosis. Interactomic and co-localisation studies reveal several putative ARK2-associated interactors including the microtubule-interacting protein EB1, together with MISFIT and Myosin-K, but no conserved eukaryotic scaffold proteins. Gene function studies indicate that ARK2 and EB1 are complementary in driving endomitotic division and thereby parasite transmission through the mosquito. This discovery underlines the flexibility of molecular networks to rewire and drive unconventional mechanisms of chromosome segregation in the malaria parasite.
Topics: Animals; Chromosome Segregation; Cell Nucleus Division; Plasmodium berghei; Cell Proliferation; Meiosis; Aurora Kinases; Eukaryota
PubMed: 37704606
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41395-3 -
Cell Oct 2019S-phase entry and exit are regulated by hundreds of protein complexes that assemble "just in time," orchestrated by a multitude of distinct events. To help understand...
S-phase entry and exit are regulated by hundreds of protein complexes that assemble "just in time," orchestrated by a multitude of distinct events. To help understand their interplay, we have created a tailored visualization based on the Minardo layout, highlighting over 80 essential events. This complements our earlier visualization of M-phase, and both can be displayed together, giving a comprehensive overview of the events regulating the cell division cycle. To view this SnapShot, open or download the PDF.
Topics: Cell Cycle; Cell Division; Cyclin B; Cyclin D; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; G2 Phase; Humans; Mitosis; Multiprotein Complexes; Phosphorylation; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; S Phase
PubMed: 31626778
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.031 -
Biochemical and Biophysical Research... Apr 2021CDK1 plays key roles in cell cycle progression through the G2/M phase transition and activation of homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathway. Accordingly, various...
CDK1 plays key roles in cell cycle progression through the G2/M phase transition and activation of homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathway. Accordingly, various CDK1 inhibitors have been developed for cancer therapy that induce prolonged G2 arrest and/or sensitize cells to DNA damaging agents in tumor cells, resulting in cell death. However, CDK1 inhibition can induce resistance to DNA damage in certain conditions. The mechanism of different DNA damage sensitivity is not completely understood. We performed immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis to investigate DNA damage responses in human tumor cells during low and high dose treatments with RO-3306, a selective CDK1 inhibitor. This comparative investigation demonstrated that RO-3306-induced G2 arrest prevented cells with DNA double-strand breaks from transitioning into the M-phase and that the cells maintained their DNA repair capacity in G2-phase, even under RO-3306 dose-dependent DNA repair inhibition. These findings reveal that CDK1 inhibitor-induced DNA repair inhibition and cell cycle control, which regulate each other during the G2/M phase transition determine the cellular sensitivity to DNA damage, providing insight useful for developing clinical strategies targeting CDK1 inhibition in tumor cells.
Topics: CDC2 Protein Kinase; Cell Division; Cell Line, Tumor; DNA Damage; G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Humans; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Quinolines; Recombinational DNA Repair; Thiazoles
PubMed: 33684621
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.117 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Gene... Jul 2019Caulobacter crescentus is a free-living Alphaproteobacterium that thrives in oligotrophic environments. This review focuses on the regulatory network used by this... (Review)
Review
Caulobacter crescentus is a free-living Alphaproteobacterium that thrives in oligotrophic environments. This review focuses on the regulatory network used by this bacterium to control the levels of cell division proteins, their organization inside the cell and their activity as a function of the cell cycle. Strikingly, C. crescentus makes frequent use of master transcriptional regulators and epigenetic signals, most likely to synchronize cell division with other events of the cell cycle. In addition, cellular metabolism and DNA damage sensors emerge as central players regulating cell division in response to changing environmental conditions.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Caulobacter crescentus; Cell Division; DNA Damage; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Gene Regulatory Networks; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 29715525
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.04.005 -
Nature Communications Aug 2023Cell division is the basis for the propagation of life and requires accurate duplication of all genetic information. DNA damage created during replication (replication...
Cell division is the basis for the propagation of life and requires accurate duplication of all genetic information. DNA damage created during replication (replication stress) is a major cause of cancer, premature aging and a spectrum of other human disorders. Over the years, TRAIP E3 ubiquitin ligase has been shown to play a role in various cellular processes that govern genome integrity and faultless segregation. TRAIP is essential for cell viability, and mutations in TRAIP ubiquitin ligase activity lead to primordial dwarfism in patients. Here, we have determined the mechanism of inhibition of cell proliferation in TRAIP-depleted cells. We have taken advantage of the auxin induced degron system to rapidly degrade TRAIP within cells and to dissect the importance of various functions of TRAIP in different stages of the cell cycle. We conclude that upon rapid TRAIP degradation, specifically in S-phase, cells cease to proliferate, arrest in G2 stage of the cell cycle and undergo senescence. Our findings reveal that TRAIP works in S-phase to prevent DNA damage at transcription start sites, caused by replication-transcription conflicts.
Topics: Humans; S Phase; Cell Division; Cell Proliferation; Cell Cycle; Cell Survival; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
PubMed: 37604812
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40695-y -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2022Production of new cells as a result of progression through the cell division cycle is a fundamental biological process for the perpetuation of both unicellular and... (Review)
Review
Production of new cells as a result of progression through the cell division cycle is a fundamental biological process for the perpetuation of both unicellular and multicellular organisms. In the case of plants, their developmental strategies and their largely sessile nature has imposed a series of evolutionary trends. Studies of the plant cell division cycle began with cytological and physiological approaches in the 1950s and 1960s. The decade of 1990 marked a turn point with the increasing development of novel cellular and molecular protocols combined with advances in genetics and, later, genomics, leading to an exponential growth of the field. In this article, I review the current status of plant cell cycle studies but also discuss early studies and the relevance of a multidisciplinary background as a source of innovative questions and answers. In addition to advances in a deeper understanding of the plant cell cycle machinery, current studies focus on the intimate interaction of cell cycle components with almost every aspect of plant biology.
Topics: Cell Cycle; Cell Division; Plant Cells; Plants
PubMed: 35897730
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158154 -
Genes Feb 2020The process of cell division is critical to the growth and development of an organism. As a fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, tissues undergo cellular...
The process of cell division is critical to the growth and development of an organism. As a fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, tissues undergo cellular renewal or commit to terminal differentiation and leave the cell cycle. Tight regulation of events controlling the cell cycle ensures the integrity of the genetic information and prevents aberrant or unscheduled cell division [...].
Topics: Cell Cycle; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Humans; Stem Cells
PubMed: 32120963
DOI: 10.3390/genes11030254 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Sep 2020
Topics: Bacteria; Cell Division
PubMed: 32993848
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000978