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United European Gastroenterology Journal Dec 2022Creeping fat (CrF), also known as fat wrapping, is a significant disease characteristic of Crohn's disease (CD). The transmural inflammation impairs intestinal integrity... (Review)
Review
Creeping fat (CrF), also known as fat wrapping, is a significant disease characteristic of Crohn's disease (CD). The transmural inflammation impairs intestinal integrity and facilitates bacteria translocation, aggravating immune response. CrF is a rich source of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines with complex immune microenvironment. The inflamed and stricturing intestine is often wrapped by CrF, and CrF is associated with greater severity of CD. The large amount of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as adipocytes in CrF promote fibrosis in the affected intestine by secreting large amount of pro-fibrotic cytokines, adipokines, growth factors and fatty acids. CrF is a potential therapeutic target for CD treatment and a promising bio-marker for predicting response to drug therapy. This review aims to summarize and update the clinical manifestation and application of CrF and the underlying molecular mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis in CD.
Topics: Humans; Crohn Disease; Mesentery; Inflammation; Cytokines; Fibrosis
PubMed: 36507842
DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12349 -
Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and... 2022Lymphangiomatosis is a rare and benign mesenchymal disorder where there is developmental malformation and dilatation of lymphatic channels. The most common sites for...
Lymphangiomatosis is a rare and benign mesenchymal disorder where there is developmental malformation and dilatation of lymphatic channels. The most common sites for lymphangiomatosis are the cervical neck and axilla, but it can also occur in the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, mesentery, omentum, colon, and pelvis. Renal lymphangiomatosis is an even rarer multicystic disorder which may be hilar, pericalyceal, paracalyceal, peripelvic, or para pelvic. We report a case of 24-year-old female with bilateral perirenal lymphangiomatosis. Her complain was bilateral flank pain and bilateral perinephric fluid collection with multiple sepatations was noted on radiological examination.
Topics: Humans; Female; Young Adult; Adult; Lymphangioma; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Mesentery; Thorax
PubMed: 36647995
DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.367815 -
Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica... Nov 2019Normal pregnancy leads to a state of chronically increased intra-abdominal pressure. Obstetric and non-obstetric conditions may increase intra-abdominal pressure... (Review)
Review
Normal pregnancy leads to a state of chronically increased intra-abdominal pressure. Obstetric and non-obstetric conditions may increase intra-abdominal pressure further, causing intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome, which leads to maternal organ dysfunction and a compromised fetal state. Limited medical literature exists to guide treatment of pregnant women with these conditions. In this state-of-the-art review, we propose a diagnostic and treatment algorithm for the management of peripartum intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome, informed by newly available studies.
Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Adult; Compartment Syndromes; Critical Illness; Female; Fetal Monitoring; Humans; Incidence; Intra-Abdominal Hypertension; Maternal Mortality; Needs Assessment; Peripartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31070780
DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13638 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023CXCL8 is the most representative chemokine produced autocrine or paracrine by tumor cells, endothelial cells and lymphocytes. It can play a key role in normal tissues... (Review)
Review
CXCL8 is the most representative chemokine produced autocrine or paracrine by tumor cells, endothelial cells and lymphocytes. It can play a key role in normal tissues and tumors by activating PI3K-Akt, PLC, JAK-STAT, and other signaling pathways after combining with CXCR1/2. The incidence of peritoneal metastasis in ovarian and gastric cancer is extremely high. The structure of the peritoneum and various peritoneal-related cells supports the peritoneal metastasis of cancers, which readily produces a poor prognosis, low 5-year survival rate, and the death of patients. Studies show that CXCL8 is excessively secreted in a variety of cancers. Thus, this paper will further elaborate on the mechanism of CXCL8 and the peritoneal metastasis of ovarian and gastric cancer to provide a theoretical basis for the proposal of new methods for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer peritoneal metastasis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Peritoneum; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Endothelial Cells; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
PubMed: 37377954
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1159061 -
ANZ Journal of Surgery Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Peritoneal Diseases; Omentum; Infarction
PubMed: 35174609
DOI: 10.1111/ans.17545 -
Biomolecules May 2022The peritoneal membrane is the largest internal membrane of the human body, having a surface area that approximates the surface area of the skin [...].
The peritoneal membrane is the largest internal membrane of the human body, having a surface area that approximates the surface area of the skin [...].
Topics: Humans; Membranes; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneum; Skin
PubMed: 35740882
DOI: 10.3390/biom12060757 -
Biomolecules May 2021Post-surgical adhesions are internal scar tissue and a major health and economic burden. Adhesions affect and involve the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity,... (Review)
Review
Post-surgical adhesions are internal scar tissue and a major health and economic burden. Adhesions affect and involve the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity, which consists of a continuous mesothelial covering of the cavity wall and majority of internal organs. Our understanding of the full pathophysiology of adhesion formation is limited by the fact that the mechanisms regulating normal serosal repair and regeneration of the mesothelial layer are still being elucidated. Emerging evidence suggests that mesothelial cells do not simply form a passive barrier but perform a wide range of important regulatory functions including maintaining a healthy peritoneal homeostasis as well as orchestrating events leading to normal repair or pathological outcomes following injury. Here, we summarise recent advances in our understanding of serosal repair and adhesion formation with an emphasis on molecular mechanisms and novel gene expression signatures associated with these processes. We discuss changes in mesothelial biomolecular marker expression during peritoneal development, which may help, in part, to explain findings in adults from lineage tracing studies using experimental adhesion models. Lastly, we highlight examples of where local tissue specialisation may determine a particular response of peritoneal cells to injury.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gene Regulatory Networks; Genetic Markers; Humans; Peritoneum; Tissue Adhesions
PubMed: 34063089
DOI: 10.3390/biom11050692 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023To date, studies of tissue-resident immunity have mainly focused on innate immune cells and T cells, with limited data on B cells. B-1 B cells are a unique subset of B... (Review)
Review
To date, studies of tissue-resident immunity have mainly focused on innate immune cells and T cells, with limited data on B cells. B-1 B cells are a unique subset of B cells with innate-like properties, enriched in murine pleural and peritoneal cavities and distinct from conventional B-2 cells in their ontogeny, phenotype and function. Here we discuss how B-1 cells represent exemplar tissue-resident immune cells, summarizing the evidence for their long-term persistence & self-renewal within tissues, differential transcriptional programming shaped by organ-specific environmental cues, as well as their tissue-homeostatic functions. Finally, we review the emerging data supporting the presence and homeostatic role of B-1 cells across non-lymphoid organs (NLOs) both in mouse and human.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; B-Lymphocyte Subsets; B-Lymphocytes; Cues; Homeostasis; Peritoneal Cavity
PubMed: 37744333
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1106294 -
Communications Biology Aug 2021The position of abdominal organs, and mechanisms by which these are centrally connected, are currently described in peritoneal terms. As part of the peritoneal model of...
The position of abdominal organs, and mechanisms by which these are centrally connected, are currently described in peritoneal terms. As part of the peritoneal model of abdominal anatomy, there are multiple mesenteries. Recent findings point to an alternative model in which digestive organs are connected to a single mesentery. Given that direct evidence of this is currently lacking, we investigated the development and shape of the entire mesentery. Here we confirm that, within the abdomen, there is one mesentery in which all abdominal digestive organs develop and remain connected to. We show that all abdominopelvic organs are organised into two, discrete anatomical domains, the mesenteric and non-mesenteric domain. A similar organisation occurs across a range of animal species. The findings clarify the anatomical foundation of the abdomen; at the foundation level, the abdomen comprises a visceral (i.e. mesenteric) and somatic (i.e. musculoskeletal) frame. The organisation at that level is a fundamental order that explains the positional anatomy of all abdominopelvic organs, vasculature and peritoneum. Collectively, the findings provide a novel start point from which to systemically characterise the abdomen and its contents.
Topics: Humans; Mesentery; Peritoneum
PubMed: 34408242
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02496-1 -
Laeknabladid Jun 2023A 50-year old male presented to our emergency department with sudden abdominal pain. Upon arrival he was diaphoretic, pale and tachycardic. A CT showed retroperitoneal...
A 50-year old male presented to our emergency department with sudden abdominal pain. Upon arrival he was diaphoretic, pale and tachycardic. A CT showed retroperitoneal hemorrhage with suspected tumor at the left adrenal gland. He was quickly stabilized with intravenous fluids and blood transfusion. Rebleed occurs roughly a week after discharge and a new CT showed a visceral pseudoaneurysm from the left middle adrenal artery. The pseudoaneurysm was embolized and the patient discharged in good condition. Follow-up MRI depicted reabsorption of the hematoma and no adrenal tumor. Thus, the etiology of the previous retroperitonal hemorrhage is considered spontaneous.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Aneurysm, False; Retroperitoneal Space; Hemorrhage; Hematoma; Adrenal Glands
PubMed: 37233620
DOI: 10.17992/lbl.2023.05.744