-
Journal of Ultrasound Sep 2020The anterior abdominal wall, which is composed of three layers (skin and adipose tissues; the myofascial layer; and the deep layer, consisting of the transversalis... (Review)
Review
The anterior abdominal wall, which is composed of three layers (skin and adipose tissues; the myofascial layer; and the deep layer, consisting of the transversalis fascia, preperitoneal fat, and the parietal peritoneum), has many functions: containment, support and protection for the intraperitoneal contents, and involvement in movement and breathing. While hernias are often encountered and well reviewed in the literature, the other abdominal wall pathologies are less commonly described. In this pictorial review, we briefly discuss the normal anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall, describe the normal ultrasonographic anatomy, and present a wide range of pathologic abnormalities beyond hernias. Sonography emerges as the diagnostic imaging of first choice for assessing abdominal wall disorders, thus representing a valuable tool for ensuring appropriate management and limiting functional impairment.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Abdominal Wall; Atrophy; Diastasis, Muscle; Endometriosis; Female; Hernia, Abdominal; Humans; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 32125676
DOI: 10.1007/s40477-020-00435-0 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Aug 2022
Topics: Abdominal Wall; Abdominoplasty; Hernia; Herniorrhaphy; Humans; Plastic Surgery Procedures
PubMed: 35959829
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Medical... 2020One of the rarest forms of endometriosis is abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE), which includes caesarean scar endometriosis. AWE remains a challenging condition because... (Review)
Review
One of the rarest forms of endometriosis is abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE), which includes caesarean scar endometriosis. AWE remains a challenging condition because some issues related to this topic are still under debate. The increasing number of caesarean sections and laparotomies will expect to increase the rate of AWE. The current incidence in obstetrical and gynaecological procedures is still unknown. The disease is probably underestimated. The pathogenic mechanism involves local environment at the implant site including local inflammation and metalloproteinases activation due to local growth factors, estrogen stimulation through estrogen receptors and potential epigenetic changes. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully explained, and we need more experimental models to understand them. The clinical presentation is heterogeneous; the patient may be seen by a gynaecologist, an endocrinologist, a general surgeon, an imaging specialist, or even an oncologist. No particular constellation of clinical risk factors has been identified, and the histological report is the major diagnostic tool for confirmation. Surgery is the first line of therapy. Further on we need protocols for multidisciplinary investigations and approaches.
Topics: Abdominal Wall; Adult; Cesarean Section; Cicatrix; Endometriosis; Female; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Humans; Interdisciplinary Communication; Laparotomy; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Obstetrics; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 32174784
DOI: 10.7150/ijms.38679 -
Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2021The practice of regional anesthesia is in a state of progressive evolution, mainly due to the advent of ultrasound as an anesthesiologist's instrument. Alternative... (Review)
Review
The practice of regional anesthesia is in a state of progressive evolution, mainly due to the advent of ultrasound as an anesthesiologist's instrument. Alternative techniques for postoperative analgesia of abdominal surgeries, such as transversus abdominis plane block, oblique subcostal transversus abdominis plane block, rectus abdominis muscle sheath block, ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block, and quadratus lumborum plane block, have proven useful, with good analgesic efficacy, especially when neuroaxial techniques (spinal anesthesia or epidural anesthesia) are not possible. This review discusses such blockades in detail, including the anatomical principles, indications, techniques, and potential complications.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Abdominal Wall; Humans; Nerve Block; Pain, Postoperative; Ultrasonography, Interventional
PubMed: 33503184
DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e2170 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Apr 2023Abdominal wall and spinal soft tissue findings are frequently encountered on CT or MR imaging of the abdomen and pelvis. Many of these entities have specific imaging... (Review)
Review
Abdominal wall and spinal soft tissue findings are frequently encountered on CT or MR imaging of the abdomen and pelvis. Many of these entities have specific imaging findings, for which a definitive diagnosis can be made without the need for further work up. These abdominal wall and spinal findings may be diagnostically challenging for sub-specialized abdominal radiologists who are unfamiliar with their appearance and appropriate management. This review article describes and illustrates pathognomonic or characteristic abdominal wall and spinal pathologies, which reside outside the abdominopelvic cavity. The cases selected all have findings that allow a confident diagnosis without further imaging or intervention. The cases presented include myonecrosis, intramuscular abscess, myositis, iliopsoas bursitis, Morel-Lavallée lesion, hydrocele of canal of Nuck, Klippel Trenaunay Weber syndrome, neurofibroma with target sign, perineural cysts, filum terminale lipoma, calvarial bone flap, transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap, liposuction, and hidradenitis suppurativa, among others. Although not all-encompassing, this paper will help abdominal radiologists to accurately diagnose a variety of abdominal and pelvic extra-cavitary soft tissue pathologies by identifying key radiologic findings.
Topics: Male; Humans; Abdominal Wall; Pelvis; Surgical Flaps; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 36790455
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-023-03830-3 -
Annals of Plastic Surgery Mar 2021Abdominoplasty has been evolving since the 1960s with many technical innovations throughout the years. It has become one of the most frequent and common procedures done...
BACKGROUND
Abdominoplasty has been evolving since the 1960s with many technical innovations throughout the years. It has become one of the most frequent and common procedures done in aesthetic plastic surgery, with the ultimate goal of not only to remove the excess tissue in the abdominal area but also to achieve an aesthetic trunk silhouette.
OBJECTIVE
The prime objective of this article was to describe our preferred approach for a full cosmetic abdominoplasty.
METHODS
We summarized all the key technical aspects from our shared surgical approach for abdominoplasty. The article describes collective experiences from authors performing the surgery in South America, North America, and Asia.
RESULTS
The key technical aspects identified were conservative muscle plication, customized excess tissue resection, and ultrasound-assisted liposuction to improve definition in the abdominal lines and body curves, combined with lipofilling. The aesthetic results are presented.
CONCLUSIONS
Abdominoplasty should be customized to every patient's anatomy and desired cosmetic outcome, taking into consideration all the anatomical areas surrounding the abdominal wall.
Topics: Abdominal Wall; Abdominoplasty; Asia; Humans; Lipectomy; South America
PubMed: 33278073
DOI: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000002639 -
Developmental Dynamics : An Official... Jan 2021In vertebrates, the trunk consists of the musculoskeletal structures of the back and the ventrolateral body wall, which together enclose the internal organs of the... (Review)
Review
In vertebrates, the trunk consists of the musculoskeletal structures of the back and the ventrolateral body wall, which together enclose the internal organs of the circulatory, digestive, respiratory and urogenital systems. This review gives an overview on the development of the thoracic and abdominal wall during amniote embryogenesis. Specifically, I briefly summarize relevant historical concepts and the present knowledge on the early embryonic development of ribs, sternum, intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles with respect to anatomical bauplan, origin and specification of precursor cells, initial steps of pattern formation, and cellular and molecular regulation of morphogenesis.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Abdominal Wall; Animals; Humans; Intercostal Muscles; Ribs; Sternum; Thoracic Wall; Vertebrates
PubMed: 32406962
DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.193 -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... 2020Abdominal wall masses, masslike lesions, and diffuse processes are common and often incidental findings at cross-sectional imaging. Distinguishing among these types of... (Review)
Review
Abdominal wall masses, masslike lesions, and diffuse processes are common and often incidental findings at cross-sectional imaging. Distinguishing among these types of masses on the basis of imaging features alone can be challenging. The authors present a diagnostic algorithm that may help in distinguishing different types of abdominal wall masses accurately. Hernias may mimic discrete masses at clinical examination, and imaging is often ordered for evaluation of a possible abdominal wall mass. Once a discrete mass is confirmed to be present, the next step is to determine if it is a fat-containing, cystic, or solid mass. The most common fat-containing masses are lipomas. Fluid or cystic masses include postoperative abscesses, seromas, and rectus sheath hematomas. Solid masses are the most common abdominal wall masses and include desmoid tumors, sarcomas, endometriomas, and metastases. Multiple masses and other diffuse abdominal wall processes are often manifestations of an underlying condition or insult. The most frequently found diffuse processes are multiple injection granulomas from administration of subcutaneous medication. This article offers an algorithmic approach to characterizing abdominal wall masses on the basis of their composition and reviews abdominal wall diffuse processes. RSNA, 2020.
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Abdominal Wall; Cysts; Diagnosis, Differential; Endometriosis; Female; Hematoma; Hernia, Abdominal; Humans; Incidental Findings; Lipoma; Male; Postoperative Complications; Seroma; Soft Tissue Neoplasms
PubMed: 32330085
DOI: 10.1148/rg.2020190170