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PloS One 2021Current investigations into physical behaviour in Muscular Dystrophy (MD) have focussed largely on physical activity (PA). Negative health behaviours such as sedentary...
BACKGROUND
Current investigations into physical behaviour in Muscular Dystrophy (MD) have focussed largely on physical activity (PA). Negative health behaviours such as sedentary behaviour (Physical Behaviour) and sitting time (Posture Classification) are widely recognised to negatively influence health, but by contrast are poorly reported, yet could be easier behaviours to modify.
METHODS
14 ambulant men with MD and 12 healthy controls (CTRL) subjects completed 7-days of free-living with wrist-worn accelerometry, assessing physical behaviour (SB or PA) and Posture Classification (Sitting or Standing), presented at absolute (minutes) or relative (% Waking Hours). Participant body composition (Fat Mass and Fat Free Mass) were assessed by Bioelectrical Impedance, while functional status was assessed by 10 m walk test and a functional scale (Swinyard Scale).
RESULTS
Absolute Sedentary Behaviour (2.2 Hours, p = 0.025) and Sitting Time (1.9 Hours, p = 0.030 was greater in adults with MD compared to CTRL and Absolute Physical Activity (3.4 Hours, p < 0.001) and Standing Time (3.2 Hours, p < 0.001) was lower in adults with MD compared to CTRL. Absolute hours of SB was associated with Fat Mass (Kg) (R = 0.643, p < 0.05) in ambulatory adults with MD.
DISCUSSION
This study has demonstrated increased Sedentary Behaviour (2.2 hours) and Sitting time (1.9 Hours) in adults with MD compared to healthy controls. Extended waking hours in sitting and SB raises concerns with regards to progression of potential cardio-metabolic diseases and co-morbidities in MD.
Topics: Accelerometry; Adult; Body Composition; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Exercise; Health Behavior; Humans; Male; Muscular Dystrophies; Sedentary Behavior; Sitting Position; Walk Test
PubMed: 34797883
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260491 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022The activPAL accelerometer has been used extensively in research to assess sedentary behaviour (SB) and physical activity (PA) outcomes. The aim of this study was to...
The activPAL accelerometer has been used extensively in research to assess sedentary behaviour (SB) and physical activity (PA) outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the comparability of PA and SB outcomes from two automated algorithms (CREA and GHLA) applied to the activPAL accelerometer. One hundred and twenty participants aged 8−12 years wore an activPAL accelerometer on their right thigh continuously for seven days on two occasions, providing valid data from 1058 days. The PALbatch software downloaded the data after applying the CREA and GHLA (latest) algorithms. The comparability of the algorithms were assessed using the mean absolute percent error (MAPE), intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), and equivalence testing. Comparisons for daily wear time, primary lying, sitting and standing time, sedentary and stepping time, upright time, total number of steps, sit−stand transitions and stepping time ≤ 1 min revealed mainly small MAPE (≤2%), excellent ICCs (lower bound 95% CI ≥ 0.97), and equivalent outcomes. Time spent in sitting bouts > 60 min and stepping bouts > 5 min were not equivalent with the absolute zone needed to reach equivalence (≥7%). Comparable outcomes were provided for wear time and postural outcomes using the CREA or GHLA algorithms, but not for time spent in sitting bouts > 60 min and stepping bouts > 5 min.
Topics: Child; Humans; Accelerometry; Posture; Sedentary Behavior; Sitting Position; Exercise
PubMed: 36498039
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315962 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2023This study examined changes in physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), screen time, sleep, and executive function among Japanese preschoolers between COVID-19...
This study examined changes in physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), screen time, sleep, and executive function among Japanese preschoolers between COVID-19 pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, using cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Accelerometer data from 63 children aged 5-6 years were collected from three kindergartens in Tokyo, Japan, in late 2019 (pre-COVID-19). This was compared to the data of 49 children aged 5-6 years from the same kindergartens, collected in late 2020 (during COVID-19). Sixteen children in the pre-COVID-19 cohort also participated in the 2020 survey and provided data for the longitudinal analysis. The mean minutes of PA, SB, screen time, and sleep duration, as well as executive function, were compared between the pre- and during COVID-19 cohorts. After adjusting for school, sex, and accelerometer wear time, there were no significant differences in any of the measured outcomes between the two cohorts. However, the analysis of longitudinal data revealed significant increases in time spent in SB and on screens, and a decrease in light-intensity PA and sleep duration during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. Results suggest that, despite the COVID-19 pandemic, young children's activity levels and SB did not significantly differ from pre-pandemic levels. However, school-aged children's SB, light PA, and sleep time were affected, although this cannot be disentangled from the effects of the transition to school.
Topics: Humans; Child; Child, Preschool; COVID-19; Sedentary Behavior; Japan; Pandemics; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Accelerometry
PubMed: 36673886
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021130 -
Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) Jan 2023
Topics: Exercise; Sleep; Accelerometry
PubMed: 36250720
DOI: 10.1111/resp.14391 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2020A thorough analysis of sports is becoming increasingly important during the training process of badminton players at both the recreational and professional level....
A thorough analysis of sports is becoming increasingly important during the training process of badminton players at both the recreational and professional level. Nowadays, game situations are usually filmed and reviewed afterwards in order to analyze the game situation, but these video set-ups tend to be difficult to analyze, expensive, and intrusive to set up. In contrast, we classified badminton movements using off-the-shelf accelerometer and gyroscope data. To this end, we organized a data capturing campaign and designed a novel neural network using different frame sizes as input. This paper shows that with only accelerometer data, our novel convolutional neural network is able to distinguish nine activities with 86% precision when using a sampling frequency of 50 Hz. Adding the gyroscope data causes an increase of up to 99% precision, as compared to, respectively, 79% and 88% when using a traditional convolutional neural network. In addition, our paper analyses the impact of different sensor placement options and discusses the impact of different sampling frequenciess of the sensors. As such, our approach provides a low cost solution that is easy to use and can collect useful information for the analysis of a badminton game.
Topics: Accelerometry; Movement; Neural Networks, Computer; Racquet Sports
PubMed: 32825134
DOI: 10.3390/s20174685 -
International Journal of Obesity (2005) Nov 2019Many large studies have implemented wrist or thigh accelerometry to capture physical activity, but the accuracy of these measurements to infer activity energy...
BACKGROUND
Many large studies have implemented wrist or thigh accelerometry to capture physical activity, but the accuracy of these measurements to infer activity energy expenditure (AEE) and consequently total energy expenditure (TEE) has not been demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of acceleration intensity at wrist and thigh sites as estimates of AEE and TEE under free-living conditions using a gold-standard criterion.
METHODS
Measurements for 193 UK adults (105 men, 88 women, aged 40-66 years, BMI 20.4-36.6 kg m) were collected with triaxial accelerometers worn on the dominant wrist, non-dominant wrist and thigh in free-living conditions for 9-14 days. In a subsample (50 men, 50 women) TEE was simultaneously assessed with doubly labelled water (DLW). AEE was estimated from non-dominant wrist using an established estimation model, and novel models were derived for dominant wrist and thigh in the non-DLW subsample. Agreement with both AEE and TEE from DLW was evaluated by mean bias, root mean squared error (RMSE), and Pearson correlation.
RESULTS
Mean TEE and AEE derived from DLW were 11.6 (2.3) MJ day and 49.8 (16.3) kJ day kg. Dominant and non-dominant wrist acceleration were highly correlated in free-living (r = 0.93), but less so with thigh (r = 0.73 and 0.66, respectively). Estimates of AEE were 48.6 (11.8) kJ day kg from dominant wrist, 48.6 (12.3) from non-dominant wrist, and 46.0 (10.1) from thigh; these agreed strongly with AEE (RMSE ~12.2 kJ day kg, r ~ 0.71) with small mean biases at the population level (~6%). Only the thigh estimate was statistically significantly different from the criterion. When combining these AEE estimates with estimated REE, agreement was stronger with the criterion (RMSE ~1.0 MJ day, r ~ 0.90).
CONCLUSIONS
In UK adults, acceleration measured at either wrist or thigh can be used to estimate population levels of AEE and TEE in free-living conditions with high precision.
Topics: Accelerometry; Adult; Aged; Deuterium Oxide; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Thigh; Wrist
PubMed: 30940917
DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0352-x -
The International Journal of Behavioral... Feb 2020Early experiences in physical activity (PA) are important to shape healthy movement behaviours long-term; as such, it is critical that PA is promoted from infancy, and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Early experiences in physical activity (PA) are important to shape healthy movement behaviours long-term; as such, it is critical that PA is promoted from infancy, and that detrimental behaviours (e.g., prolonged sedentary time [ST]) are minimized. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine infants' and toddlers' movement behaviours across daytime hours.
METHODS
Seven online databases were searched for terms related to infants (< 12 months), toddlers (12-35.9 months), PA, ST, and accelerometry. Two independent reviewers examined 4873 articles for peer-reviewed original research, published in English, that assessed infants' (counts/min) and/or toddlers' PA or ST (min/day) using accelerometry across daytime hours. Infants' mean PA level (counts/min) was averaged across studies, and ranges were produced. Estimates of toddlers' movement behaviours were aggregated meta-analytically to produce average daily rates, and accelerometer placement, cut-point validity, device type, and epoch length were tested as a moderating variables.
RESULTS
Twenty-four studies from 16 countries (published 2011-2019), representing 3699 participants, were included in the systematic review. Five studies reported on infants' PA, which ranged from 78.2 to 2580.5 cpm. Across 20 studies, toddlers' total PA, light PA, moderate-to vigorous-intensity PA, and ST ranged from 72.9 to 636.5, 48.5 to 582.4, 6.5 to 89.9, and 172.7 to 545.0 min/day, respectively. After taking into account accelerometer placement, cut-point validity, device type, and epoch length, we found that toddlers engaged in 246.19 min/day (SE = 28.50; 95% CI: 190.34, 302.04) of total PA, 194.10 min/day (SE = 28.76; 95% CI: 137.73, 250.47) of light PA, and 60.16 min/day (SE = 5.88; 95% CI: 48.64, 71.69) of moderate-to vigorous-intensity PA. Toddlers engaged in 337.04 min/day (SE = 32.67; 95% CI: 273.01, 401.07) of ST.
CONCLUSIONS
With limited studies conducted in infants (n = 5), PA estimates are inconclusive and largely heterogeneous. Overall, toddlers tend to exceed the total PA recommendation of 180 min/day; however, very little of this time is spent at higher movement intensities. Even with high PA rates, toddlers still engage in substantial ST. More consistent and valid measurement protocols are needed to improve comparability across studies.
Topics: Accelerometry; Child, Preschool; Exercise; Humans; Infant; Monitoring, Ambulatory; Sedentary Behavior
PubMed: 32028975
DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-0912-4 -
Journal of Physical Activity & Health Apr 2021The measurement of daily physical activity (DPA) is important for the prognosis and quantifying clinical outcomes in individuals with heart disease. The measurement of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The measurement of daily physical activity (DPA) is important for the prognosis and quantifying clinical outcomes in individuals with heart disease. The measurement of DPA is more feasible using subjective measures when compared with objective measures. The purpose of this systematic review of the literature was to identify the subjective measures of DPA that have established reliability and validity in individuals with heart disease to assist clinician and researcher instrument selection.
METHODS
A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and ProQuest databases was performed. Methodological rigor was assessed using 3 different quality appraisal tools. Qualitative synthesis of included studies was performed.
RESULTS
Twenty-two unique studies covering 19 subjective DPA measures were ultimately included. Methodological rigor was generally fair, and validity coefficients were moderate at best.
CONCLUSIONS
Only 4 subjective measures that have established test-retest reliability and that provide an estimate of energy expenditure, metabolic equivalents, or minutes of DPA were compared against accelerometry or a DPA diary in patients with heart disease: SWISS Physical Activity Questionnaire, Total Activity Measure 1 and 2, and Mobile Physical Activity Logger. Depending on the clinician or researcher needs, instrument selection would depend on the recall period and the DPA construct being measured.
Topics: Accelerometry; Exercise; Heart Diseases; Humans; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 33668019
DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0661 -
Medicine and Science in Sports and... Aug 2019A lack of standardization with accelerometry-based monitors has made it hard to advance applications for both research and practice. Resolving these challenges is... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
A lack of standardization with accelerometry-based monitors has made it hard to advance applications for both research and practice. Resolving these challenges is essential for developing methods for consistent, agnostic reporting of physical activity outcomes from wearable monitors in clinical applications.
METHODS
This article reviewed the literature on the methods used to evaluate the validity of contemporary consumer activity monitors. A rationale for focusing on energy expenditure as a key outcome measure in validation studies was provided followed by a summary of the strengths and limitations of different analytical methods. The primary review included 23 recent validation studies that collectively reported energy expenditure estimates from 58 monitors relative to values from appropriate criterion measures.
RESULTS
The majority of studies reported weak indicators such as correlation coefficients (87%), but only half (52%) reported the recommended summary statistic of mean absolute percent error needed to evaluate actual individual error. Fewer used appropriate tests of agreement such as equivalence testing (22%).
CONCLUSIONS
The use of inappropriate analytic methods and incomplete reporting of outcomes is a major limitation for systematically advancing research with both research grade and consumer-grade activity monitors. Guidelines are provided to standardize analytic methods and reporting in these types of studies to enhance the utility of the devices for clinical mHealth applications.
Topics: Accelerometry; Calibration; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Fitness Trackers; Health Behavior; Humans; Research Design; Validation Studies as Topic
PubMed: 30913159
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001966 -
BMJ Open Mar 2022To clarify the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and/or sedentary behaviour (SB) and the incidence of functional disability (FD) in older...
Physical activity and/or sedentary behaviour and the development of functional disability in community-dwelling older adults in Tsuru, Japan: a prospective cohort study (the Tsuru Longitudinal Study).
OBJECTIVES
To clarify the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and/or sedentary behaviour (SB) and the incidence of functional disability (FD) in older adults.
DESIGN
Prospective cohort study.
SETTING
Local municipality of Tsuru, Yamanashi, Japan. We conducted a baseline survey in January 2016. Follow-up was commenced on 1 February 2016 and completed on 31 October 2018.
PARTICIPANTS
All individuals (6661 people) aged >65 years who were independently living in the community were eligible.
METHODS AND OUTCOME MEASURES
MVPA (min/week) and SB (min/day) were measured using self-administered questionnaires in 5311 independently living older adults who participated in this study. The follow-up period was 33 months, and the incidence of FD was objectively determined by experts. The participants were divided into three groups based on MVPA distribution (non-MVPA, 0 min; short-MVPA, 1-299 min and long-MVPA, ≥300 min/week) and into two groups based on the median value of SB (short-SB,<190 min; and long-SB, ≥190 min/day). The participants were also classified into six categories based on different combinations of MVPA and SB. Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate the HR and 95% CI for FD development with MVPA, SB and a combination of these behaviours.
RESULTS
Among the included participants, 2415 were male and 2896 were female. The mean ages (SD) of the male and female participants were 74.5 (6.8) and 74.9 (6.9) years, respectively. The total number of participants with chronic conditions was 3489 (65.7%). Using the non-MVPA group as the reference, the multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) was 0.68 (0.54 to 0.84) in the short-MVPA group and 0.53 (0.41 to 0.69) in the long-MVPA group. Regarding SB, the short-SB group had an HR of 0.86 (0.71 to 1.03) compared with the long-SB group. The combined behaviour showed the lowest HR in the long-MVPA and short-SB group 0.49 (0.34 to 0.72) and the long-MVPA and long-SB group 0.49 (0.34 to 0.68), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Long-MVPA had a robust association with FD development, whereas short-SB had a modest association. Moreover, a combination of these behaviours had a stronger association than individual behaviours. If the identified associations are assumed to be causal in nature, these findings suggest that encouraging older adults to engage in MVPA and reduce SB in their daily lives could be effective to prevent or delay FD development.
Topics: Accelerometry; Aged; Exercise; Female; Humans; Independent Living; Japan; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Prospective Studies; Sedentary Behavior
PubMed: 35314473
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056642