-
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Apr 2022Species' range limits are ubiquitous. This suggests that the evolution of the ecological niche is constrained in general and at the edges of distributions in particular.... (Review)
Review
Species' range limits are ubiquitous. This suggests that the evolution of the ecological niche is constrained in general and at the edges of distributions in particular. While there may be many ecological and genetic reasons for this phenomenon, here we focus on the potential role of trade-offs. We performed a literature search on evidence for trade-offs associated with geographical or elevational range limits. The majority of trade-offs were reported as relevant at either the cold end of species' distribution ( = 19), the warm or dry end ( = 19) or both together ( = 14). One common type of trade-off involved accelerating growth or development (27%), often at the cost of small size. Another common type involved resistance to or tolerance of climatic extremes that occur at certain periods of the year (64%), often at the cost of small size or reduced growth. Trade-offs overlapped with some of the classic trade-offs reported in life-history evolution or thermal adaptation. The results highlight several general insights about species' niches and ranges, and we outline how future research should better integrate the ecological context and test for the presence of microevolutionary trade-offs. This article is part of the theme issue 'Species' ranges in the face of changing environments (Part II)'.
Topics: Acclimatization; Ecosystem
PubMed: 35184594
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0022 -
Physiologia Plantarum Jan 2023Plants adapt to freezing stress through cold acclimation, which is induced by nonfreezing low temperatures and accompanied by growth arrest. A later increase in...
Plants adapt to freezing stress through cold acclimation, which is induced by nonfreezing low temperatures and accompanied by growth arrest. A later increase in temperature after cold acclimation leads to rapid loss of freezing tolerance and growth resumption, a process called deacclimation. Appropriate regulation of the trade-off between freezing tolerance and growth is necessary for efficient plant development in a changing environment. The cell wall, which mainly consists of polysaccharide polymers, is involved in both freezing tolerance and growth. Still, it is unclear how the balance between freezing tolerance and growth is affected during cold acclimation and deacclimation by the changes in cell wall structure and what role is played by its monosaccharide composition. Therefore, to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms controlling freezing tolerance and growth during cold acclimation and deacclimation, we investigated cell wall changes in detail by sequential fractionation and monosaccharide composition analysis in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, for which a plethora of information and mutant lines are available. We found that arabinogalactan proteins and pectic galactan changed in close coordination with changes in freezing tolerance and growth during cold acclimation and deacclimation. On the other hand, arabinan and xyloglucan did not return to nonacclimation levels after deacclimation but stabilized at cold acclimation levels. This indicates that deacclimation does not completely restore cell wall composition to the nonacclimated state but rather changes it to a specific novel composition that is probably a consequence of the loss of freezing tolerance and provides conditions for growth resumption.
Topics: Freezing; Acclimatization; Cold Temperature; Arabidopsis; Cell Wall; Monosaccharides; Arabidopsis Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 36461890
DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13837 -
Nature Communications Feb 2024Animals must sense and acclimatize to environmental temperatures for survival, yet their thermosensing mechanisms other than transient receptor potential (TRP) channels...
Animals must sense and acclimatize to environmental temperatures for survival, yet their thermosensing mechanisms other than transient receptor potential (TRP) channels remain poorly understood. We identify a trimeric G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), SRH-40, which confers thermosensitivity in sensory neurons regulating temperature acclimatization in Caenorhabditis elegans. Systematic knockdown of 1000 GPCRs by RNAi reveals GPCRs involved in temperature acclimatization, among which srh-40 is highly expressed in the ADL sensory neuron, a temperature-responsive chemosensory neuron, where TRP channels act as accessorial thermoreceptors. In vivo Ca imaging demonstrates that an srh-40 mutation reduced the temperature sensitivity of ADL, resulting in supranormal temperature acclimatization. Ectopically expressing SRH-40 in a non-warmth-sensing gustatory neuron confers temperature responses. Moreover, temperature-dependent SRH-40 activation is reconstituted in Drosophila S2R+ cells. Overall, SRH-40 may be involved in thermosensory signaling underlying temperature acclimatization. We propose a dual thermosensing machinery through a GPCR and TRP channels in a single sensory neuron.
Topics: Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Temperature; Sensory Receptor Cells; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Acclimatization; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
PubMed: 38396085
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46042-z -
Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England) Apr 2022Ascent to high altitude is accompanied by a reduction in partial pressure of inspired oxygen, which leads to interconnected adjustments within the neuromuscular system.... (Review)
Review
Ascent to high altitude is accompanied by a reduction in partial pressure of inspired oxygen, which leads to interconnected adjustments within the neuromuscular system. This review describes the unique challenge that such an environment poses to neuromuscular fatigability (peripheral, central and supraspinal) for individuals who normally reside near to sea level (SL) (<1000 m; ie, lowlanders) and for native highlanders, who represent the manifestation of high altitude-related heritable adaptations across millennia. Firstly, the effect of acute exposure to high altitude-related hypoxia on neuromuscular fatigability will be examined. Under these conditions, both supraspinal and peripheral fatigability are increased compared with SL. The specific mechanisms contributing to impaired performance are dependent on the exercise paradigm and amount of muscle mass involved. Next, the effect of chronic exposure to high altitude (ie, acclimatization of ~7-28 days) will be considered. With acclimatization, supraspinal fatigability is restored to SL values, regardless of the amount of muscle mass involved, whereas peripheral fatigability remains greater than SL except when exercise involves a small amount of muscle mass (eg, knee extensors). Indeed, when whole-body exercise is involved, peripheral fatigability is not different to acute high-altitude exposure, due to competing positive (haematological and muscle metabolic) and negative (respiratory-mediated) effects of acclimatization on neuromuscular performance. In the final section, we consider evolutionary adaptations of native highlanders (primarily Himalayans of Tibet and Nepal) that may account for their superior performance at altitude and lesser degree of neuromuscular fatigability compared with acclimatized lowlanders, for both single-joint and whole-body exercise.
Topics: Acclimatization; Altitude; Altitude Sickness; Fatigue; Humans; Hypoxia; Oxygen
PubMed: 35007386
DOI: 10.1111/apha.13788 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2022Improvement of crop climate resilience will require an understanding of whole-plant adaptation to specific local environments. This review places features of plant form... (Review)
Review
Improvement of crop climate resilience will require an understanding of whole-plant adaptation to specific local environments. This review places features of plant form and function related to photosynthetic productivity, as well as associated gene-expression patterns, into the context of the adaptation of ecotypes to local environments with different climates in Sweden and Italy. The growth of plants under common cool conditions resulted in a proportionally greater emphasis on the maintenance of photosynthetic activity in the Swedish ecotype. This is compared to a greater emphasis on downregulation of light-harvesting antenna size and upregulation of a host of antioxidant enzymes in the Italian ecotype under these conditions. This differential response is discussed in the context of the climatic patterns of the ecotypes' native habitats with substantial opportunity for photosynthetic productivity under mild temperatures in Italy but not in Sweden. The Swedish ecotype's response is likened to pushing forward at full speed with productivity under low temperature versus the Italian ecotype's response of staying safe from harm (maintaining redox homeostasis) while letting productivity decline when temperatures are transiently cold. It is concluded that either strategy can offer directions for the development of climate-resilient crops for specific locations of cultivation.
Topics: Acclimatization; Arabidopsis; Cold Temperature; Ecotype; Photosynthesis
PubMed: 35216246
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042129 -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2023Diatomaceous earth is an organic naturally occurring material rich in silicon. This silicon source can be used in organic agriculture, it also has a great potential of...
Diatomaceous earth is an organic naturally occurring material rich in silicon. This silicon source can be used in organic agriculture, it also has a great potential of use in the acclimatization of crops. However, there are no reports of the effects of diatomaceous earth supplementation on the micropropagation of sweet potato. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of diatomaceous earth applied in vitro on the growth, physiology and anatomy of sweet potato cv. 'Brazlândia Branca' after acclimatization. Four concentrations of diatomaceous earth. After 30 days of in vitro growth, the plants were transferred to a greenhouse for acclimatization. After 45 days, leaf number, shoot and root length, fresh and dry shoot and root mass, gas exchange, chlorophyll content, root and leaf anatomy. The experimental design was completely randomized. The supplementation of diatomaceous earth in the in vitro cultivation had beneficial effects, increasing the accumulation of mass, improving the photosynthetic apparatus and promoting favorable anatomical characteristics during the acclimatization of the sweet potato plants. In addition, the use of diatomaceous earth achieved adequate seedling development, with higher seedling quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic effects than attained with control treatment.
Topics: Diatomaceous Earth; Solanum tuberosum; Ipomoea batatas; Silicon; Acclimatization
PubMed: 37585889
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320200021 -
Plant, Cell & Environment Dec 2022Strigolactones are phytohormones with many attributed roles in development, and more recently in responses to environmental stress. We will review evidence of the latter... (Review)
Review
Strigolactones are phytohormones with many attributed roles in development, and more recently in responses to environmental stress. We will review evidence of the latter in the frame of the classic distinction among the three main stress acclimation strategies (i.e., avoidance, tolerance and escape), by taking osmotic stress in its several facets as a non-exclusive case study. The picture we will sketch is that of a hormonal family playing important roles in each of the mechanisms tested so far, and influencing as well the build-up of environmental memory through priming. Thus, strigolactones appear to be backstage operators rather than frontstage players, setting the tune of acclimation responses by fitting them to the plant individual history of stress experience.
Topics: Plants; Stress, Physiological; Lactones; Acclimatization
PubMed: 36207810
DOI: 10.1111/pce.14461 -
Plant Signaling & Behavior Dec 2024Plants, as sessile organisms, are subjected to diverse abiotic stresses, including salinity, desiccation, metal toxicity, thermal fluctuations, and hypoxia at different... (Review)
Review
Plants, as sessile organisms, are subjected to diverse abiotic stresses, including salinity, desiccation, metal toxicity, thermal fluctuations, and hypoxia at different phases of plant growth. Plants can activate messenger molecules to initiate a signaling cascade of response toward environmental stresses that results in either cell death or plant acclimation. Nitric oxide (NO) is a small gaseous redox-active molecule that exhibits a plethora of physiological functions in growth, development, flowering, senescence, stomata closure and responses to environmental stresses. It can also facilitate alteration in protein function and reprogram the gene profiling by direct or indirect interaction with different target molecules. The bioactivity of NO can be manifested through different redox-based protein modifications including -nitrosylation, protein nitration, and metal nitrosylation in plants. Although there has been considerable progress in the role of NO in regulating stress signaling, still the physiological mechanisms regarding the abiotic stress tolerance in plants remain unclear. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the emerging knowledge regarding NO function in plant tolerance against abiotic stresses. The manuscript also highlighted the importance of NO as an abiotic stress modulator and developed a rational design for crop cultivation under a stress environment.
Topics: Nitric Oxide; Signal Transduction; Acclimatization; Cell Death; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 38190763
DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2298053 -
Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) Jan 2023
Topics: Climate Change; Dermatology; Adaptation, Physiological; Acclimatization
PubMed: 36633633
DOI: 10.1007/s00105-022-05087-1 -
Sheng Li Xue Bao : [Acta Physiologica... Feb 2023The alteration of pulmonary artery pressure is an important physiological indicator to reflect the organism's adaptation to acclimatization or the pathological injury in... (Review)
Review
The alteration of pulmonary artery pressure is an important physiological indicator to reflect the organism's adaptation to acclimatization or the pathological injury in response to high-altitude hypoxic environment. The effects of hypoxic stress at different altitudes for different time on pulmonary artery pressure are different. There are many factors involved in the changes of pulmonary artery pressure, such as the contraction of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle, hemodynamic changes, abnormal regulation of vascular activity and abnormal changes of cardiopulmonary function. Understanding of the regulatory factors of pulmonary artery pressure in hypoxic environment is crucial in clarifying the relevant mechanisms of hypoxic adaptation, acclimatization, prevention, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of acute and chronic high-altitude diseases. In recent years, great progress has been made in the study regarding the factors affecting pulmonary artery pressure in response to high-altitude hypoxic stress. In this review, we discuss the regulatory factors and intervention measures of pulmonary arterial hypertension induced by hypoxia from the aspects of hemodynamics of circulatory system, vasoactive state and changes of cardiopulmonary function.
Topics: Humans; Altitude; Arterial Pressure; Acclimatization; Hypoxia; Muscle, Smooth
PubMed: 36859842
DOI: No ID Found