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Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Jun 2021Autoinflammatory keratinization disease (AiKD) is a novel clinical concept encompassing diseases with a genetic background and mixed pathogenic mechanisms of... (Review)
Review
Autoinflammatory keratinization disease (AiKD) is a novel clinical concept encompassing diseases with a genetic background and mixed pathogenic mechanisms of autoinflammation and autoimmunity, leading to an aberrant keratinization of the skin. Recent advances in medical genetics have revealed genetic causes and/or predisposing factors for a number of AiKD's, such as mutations in IL36RN related with pustular psoriasis, acrodermatitis continua and hidradenitis suppurativa, in CARD14 in pityriasis rubra pilaris type V and some forms of pustular psoriasis, and in NLRP1 related with familial keratosis lichenoides chronica (KLC). It is suspected that AiKD pathophysiology would also be involved in non-monogenic disorders. The bidirectional relationship between inflammation and keratinization should be understood in order to outline optimal management, and new drug development should take both targets into account. We assume that new inflammatory keratinization diseases may be recognized as AiKDs in the coming years.
PubMed: 34118208
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2021.05.015 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2022Zinc is an important trace mineral in the human body and a daily intake of zinc is required to maintain a healthy status. Over the past decades, zinc has been used in... (Review)
Review
Zinc is an important trace mineral in the human body and a daily intake of zinc is required to maintain a healthy status. Over the past decades, zinc has been used in formulating topical and systemic therapies for various skin disorders owing to its wound healing and antimicrobial properties. Zinc transporters play a major role in maintaining the integrity of the integumentary system by controlling zinc homeostasis within dermal layers. Mutations and abnormal function of zinc-transporting proteins can lead to disease development, such as spondylocheirodysplastic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (SCD-EDS) and acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE) which can be fatal if left untreated. This review discusses the layers of the skin, the importance of zinc and zinc transporters in each layer, and the various skin disorders caused by zinc deficiency, in addition to zinc-containing compounds used for treating different skin disorders and skin protection.
Topics: Humans; Dermatology; Skin; Acrodermatitis; Skin Diseases; Zinc
PubMed: 36555806
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416165 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger May 2023
Topics: Humans; Acrodermatitis; Atrophy; Disease Progression; Lyme Disease; Skin Diseases, Bacterial
PubMed: 37264862
DOI: No ID Found -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2022Generalized pustular psoriasis (von Zumbusch) is a rare and acute eruption characterized by multiple sterile pustules over an erythematous and edematous background,... (Review)
Review
Generalized pustular psoriasis (von Zumbusch) is a rare and acute eruption characterized by multiple sterile pustules over an erythematous and edematous background, eventually associated with psoriasis vulgaris. Classically, it manifests as a potentially severe systemic picture and demands prompt diagnosis and intervention. The duration of each flare-up and intervals between the pustular episodes is extremely variable. Recently, genetic abnormalities have been identified mainly in the familial and early variants of this disease. The therapeutic arsenal is limited; however, new drugs being evaluated aim to control both pustular flare-ups and disease recurrences.
Topics: Acute Disease; Chronic Disease; Exanthema; Humans; Psoriasis; Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous
PubMed: 34838431
DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.05.011 -
Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur... Jun 2022Viral and paraviral exanthems are the most common exanthems in children and are often the reason for a medical evaluation, especially in pediatric primary care and... (Review)
Review
Viral and paraviral exanthems are the most common exanthems in children and are often the reason for a medical evaluation, especially in pediatric primary care and emergency rooms. Familiarity with the various eruptions is important for early diagnosis and patient management as well as minimizing the risk of infection. In this review, we present the newly described entities reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruptions (RIME) and the pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS). In addition, atypical manifestations of Gianotti-Crosti syndrome and hand, foot, and mouth disease are discussed.
Topics: Acrodermatitis; COVID-19; Child; Exanthema; Humans
PubMed: 35612655
DOI: 10.1007/s00105-022-05000-w -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2020Necrolytic acral erythema (NAE) is now considered as a distinct clinical entity. It clinically presents as well demarcated hyperpigmented papules and plaques with thick... (Review)
Review
Necrolytic acral erythema (NAE) is now considered as a distinct clinical entity. It clinically presents as well demarcated hyperpigmented papules and plaques with thick adherent scales distributed symmetrically over dorsum of feet. It usually develops in patients with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Cases of NAE have been reported in patients without HCV infection. Hepatic dysfunction resulting in metabolic alterations like hypoalbuminemia, hypoaminoacidemia, hyperglucagonemia and transient zinc deficiency has been proposed as underlying pathogenic mechanism of NAE. Clinically, NAE resembles other necrolytic erythemas like necrolytic migratory erythema (NME), acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE) and pellagra. Better understanding of etiopathogenesis and histopathological features is important to distinguish NAE from other necrolytic erythemas. The disease runs a natural course of exacerbations and remissions. Non-invasive diagnostic tools like dermoscopy can be used in differential diagnosis of NAE. Oral zinc therapy is the most effective treatment of NAE reported in most of the cases irrespective of HCV status or serum zinc levels.
PubMed: 32308461
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S189175 -
JAAD Case Reports Jun 2022
PubMed: 35542319
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.01.040