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BioMed Research International 2020Meyer, a valuable medicinal plant, is severely threatened by rusty root, a condition that greatly affects its yield and quality. Studies investigating the relationship...
Meyer, a valuable medicinal plant, is severely threatened by rusty root, a condition that greatly affects its yield and quality. Studies investigating the relationship between soil microbial community composition and rusty roots are vital for the production of high-quality ginseng. Here, high-throughput sequencing was employed to systematically characterize changes in the soil microbial community associated with rusty roots. Fungal diversity was lower in the soils of rusty root-affected than in those of healthy plants. Importantly, principal coordinate analysis separated the fungal communities in the rhizosphere soils of rusty root-affected ginseng from those of healthy plants. The dominant bacterial and fungal genera differed significantly between rhizosphere soils of healthy and rusty root-affected , and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) further indicated a strong imbalance in the soil microbial community of diseased plants. Significantly enriched bacterial genera (including , , , , and ) were mainly detected in the soil of rusty root-affected , whereas significantly enriched fungal genera (including , , , , and ) were primarily detected in the soil of healthy plants. Importantly, five fungal genera (, , , , and ) were significantly enriched in the soil of rusty root-affected plants compared with that of healthy plants, suggesting that an increase in the relative abundance of these pathogenic fungi (, , and ) may be associated with ginseng rusty roots. Additionally, this study is the first to report that an increase in the relative abundances of and in the rhizosphere of may be associated with the onset of rusty root symptoms in this plant. Our findings provide potentially useful information for developing biological control strategies against rusty root, as well as scope for future screening of fungal pathogens in rusty roots of .
Topics: Bacteria; Fungi; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Microbiota; Panax notoginseng; Plant Diseases; Plant Roots; Rhizosphere; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 32016120
DOI: 10.1155/2020/8018525 -
AMB Express Oct 2020Fusarium wilt (FW) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON) is a soil-borne disease that seriously limits watermelon production. In the present study,...
Fusarium wilt (FW) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON) is a soil-borne disease that seriously limits watermelon production. In the present study, Trichoderma asperellum (T. asperellum) M45a was shown to be an effective biocontrol agent against FW. In a pot experiment, the application of 10 cfu/g of T. asperellum M45a granules had an improved control effect on FW during the blooming period (up to 67.44%) in soils subjected to five years of continuous cropping with watermelon, while the average length of watermelon vines was also significantly improved (P < 0.05). Additionally, the acid phosphatase (ACP), cellulase (CL), catalase (CAT), and sucrase (SC) activities in the M45a-inoculation group were significantly higher than those in the control (CK) group, and transformation of the soil nutrients (total N, NO3-N, and available P) was significantly increased. Moreover, T. asperellum M45a inoculation reduced fungal diversity, increased bacterial diversity and especially enhanced the relative abundance of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), such as Trichoderma, Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Actinomadura, and Rhodanobacter. Through functional prediction, the relative abundance of ectomycorrhiza, endophytes, animal pathotrophs, and saprotrophs in the fungal community was determined to be significantly lower than that observed in the M45a-treated soil. Correlation analysis revealed that Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, and Trichoderma had the most differences in terms of microorganism abundance, and these differences were positively correlated with ACP, CL, CAT, and SC. These findings provide guidance for the use of fungicides to achieve microecological control of FW in continuously cropped watermelon plots.
PubMed: 33095335
DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01126-z -
Microorganisms Nov 2020The diversity of cultural in two types of Algerian Sahara environments, including saline environments and date palms rhizosphere, was investigated. In this study, a...
The diversity of cultural in two types of Algerian Sahara environments, including saline environments and date palms rhizosphere, was investigated. In this study, a total of 40 strains of actinomycetes was isolated from different soil samples, using a rehydration and centrifugation method. Molecular identification, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, revealed that these isolates were affiliated to six clusters corresponding to eight genera, including , and . A taxonomic analysis, based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular investigation, of selected strains, which belong to the rare , was undertaken. Four strains (CG3, A111, A93, and A79) were found to form distinct phyletic lines and represent new actinobacterial taxa. An assessment of antimicrobial proprieties of the 40 obtained actinomycetes strains, showed moderate to strong antimicrobial activities against fungi and bacteria. This study demonstrated the richness of Algerian Sahara with rare , which can provide novel bioactive metabolites, to solving some of the most challenging problems of the day, such as multi-drug resistance.
PubMed: 33255541
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121853 -
3 Biotech Dec 2021Poly (l-lactide) (PLLA) is an aliphatic polyester that can be obtained from renewable resources and degraded by various microorganisms. In previous reports, strain...
Poly (l-lactide) (PLLA) is an aliphatic polyester that can be obtained from renewable resources and degraded by various microorganisms. In previous reports, strain T16-1 demonstrated high ability to degrade PLLA under various conditions. PLLA-degrading enzyme production under solid state fermentation has been sparsely studied. PLLA-degrading enzyme production strain T16-1 was investigated using agricultural wastes as substrate under solid state fermentation (SSF). Three agricultural wastes as soybean meal, cassava chips and duckweed were tested as substrates for PLLA-degrading enzyme production by statistical methods using mixture design. Results revealed that using duckweed as the substrate gave the highest enzyme production (138.66 ± 13.57 U/g dry substrate). Maximum enzyme activity of 391.24 ± 15.57 U/g dry substrate was obtained under 10 g duckweed, 10% inoculum size, 7 days of cultivation time, pH 7.0, 2.8% PLLA powder, and 60% moisture content at 45 °C. It can be concluded that duckweed is an inexpensive substrate, which reduces the costs of PLLA-degrading enzyme production, as an alternative to effective water weed management.
PubMed: 34926110
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03060-8 -
International Journal of Microbiology 2024complex (MTBC) is a group of bacteria responsible for causing tuberculosis in animals and humans. In South Africa (S.A), slaughterhouses are registered by the...
complex (MTBC) is a group of bacteria responsible for causing tuberculosis in animals and humans. In South Africa (S.A), slaughterhouses are registered by the government and closely inspected and audited for hygienic slaughter practices. Meat inspection to detect lesions has been used for passive surveillance, monitoring, and diagnosis of the disease status. Information on the current status of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in livestock in the country is limited. Hence, we investigated the occurrence of spp. in the tissues of slaughtered livestock and environmental samples in abattoirs in Gauteng province of South Africa (S.A). The cross-sectional study employing random sampling from cattle, pigs, and sheep (with the collection of liver, lung, spleen, and different lymph nodes) irrespective of lesions was carried out in 19 red meat abattoirs. Five hundred animals were sampled, comprising cattle ( = 369), pigs ( = 90), and sheep ( = 41). Additionally, 19 environmental samples were collected from feedlots, or where animals drink water while awaiting slaughter, to identify mycobacterial species using culture, acid-fast bacteria staining, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used to detect statistically significant differences in the frequency of detection of spp. according to the variables investigated (types of tissues, livestock, abattoirs, etc.). The PCR assays detected no MTBC complex species DNA in the bacterial isolates from cattle ( = 32). Sequence analysis (16S rDNA) of the isolates from eight cattle confirmed only two species, namely (99.81% identity) and (99.42% identity). The remaining isolates were identified as members of the species. From the environmental samples, bacterial isolation was made from three samples, and two could only be identified up to the genus level ( species) while the remaining isolate was identified as (99.22% identity). The study revealed the absence of bovine tuberculosis-causing pathogens in red meat abattoirs of the Gauteng province. Although non-tuberculous have been implicated as potentially causing tuberculosis-like diseases in livestock, their occurrence in the current study was found to be low, but the potential to cause disease cannot be ignored.
PubMed: 38523690
DOI: 10.1155/2024/4636652 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Feb 2020Mycetoma is a chronic infection that is slow to develop and heal. It can be caused by fungi (eumycetoma) or bacteria (actinomycetoma). We describe a case of...
Mycetoma is a chronic infection that is slow to develop and heal. It can be caused by fungi (eumycetoma) or bacteria (actinomycetoma). We describe a case of actinomycetoma caused by Actinomadura mexicana in the Caribbean region.
Topics: Actinomadura; Adult; Caribbean Region; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Humans; Mycetoma
PubMed: 31961313
DOI: 10.3201/eid2602.191005 -
Clinical Case Reports Jul 2022The mycetoma is a granulomatous chronic disease, subcutaneous disease is the common presentation, very few cases are reported affecting central nervous system, but there...
The mycetoma is a granulomatous chronic disease, subcutaneous disease is the common presentation, very few cases are reported affecting central nervous system, but there are not cases in Renal Transplant (RT).
PubMed: 35898749
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6071 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Nov 2020Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous subcutaneous infection caused by anaerobic pseudofilamentous bacteria or fungi. It is commonly prevalent in tropical and subtropical...
BACKGROUND
Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous subcutaneous infection caused by anaerobic pseudofilamentous bacteria or fungi. It is commonly prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries. Men are more susceptible to the disease due to greater participation in agricultural works. Mycetoma commonly involves lower extremities, wherein untreated cases lead to aggressive therapeutic choices, such as amputation of the affected body organs and consequently lifelong disability.
CASE PRESENTATION
In this report, we present the rare case of a 58-year-old man, originally from Algeria with a left foot chronic tumefaction of 5 years. In the initial clinical examination, mycetoma was diagnosed based on tumefaction and the presence of multiple sinuses with the emission of white grains. The latter was observed via direct examination. The histopathological analysis demonstrated an actinomycetoma caused by bacteria, as the etiological agent. Imaging showed a bone involvement with osteolysis at the levels of 2nd to 4th metatarsal diaphysis. The mycological and bacterial cultures were both negative. For an accurate diagnosis, the obtained grains were subjected to molecular analysis, targeting the 16S-rDNA gene. Molecular identification yielded Actinomadura madurae as the causal agent, and 800/160 mg of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was prescribed twice a day for 1 year, as a treatment.
CONCLUSION
Considering low information about this disease, especially in non-endemic areas, it is of high importance to enhance the knowledge and awareness of clinicians and healthcare providers, in particular in the countries with immigration issues.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomadura; Algeria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; DNA, Ribosomal; Emigrants and Immigrants; Foot; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycetoma; Paris; Treatment Outcome; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination
PubMed: 33176717
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05552-z -
Engineering in Life Sciences Nov 2019Salt-enhanced cultivation as a morphology engineering tool for the filamentous actinomycete was evaluated in 500-mL shaking flasks (working volume 100 mL) with the aim...
Salt-enhanced cultivation as a morphology engineering tool for the filamentous actinomycete was evaluated in 500-mL shaking flasks (working volume 100 mL) with the aim of increasing the concentration of the pharmaceutically interesting peptide labyrinthopeptin A1. Among the inorganic salts added to a complex production medium, the addition of (NH)SO led to the highest amount of labyrinthopeptin A1 production. By using 50 mM (NH)SO, the labyrinthopeptin A1 concentration increased up to sevenfold compared to the non-supplemented control, resulting in 325 mg L labyrinthopeptin A1 after 10 days of cultivation. The performance of other ammonium- and sulfate-containing salts (e.g., NHCl, KSO) was much lower than the performance of (NH)SO. A positive correlation between the uptake of glycerol as one of the main carbon sources and nongrowth-associated labyrinthopeptin productivity was found. The change in the cell morphology of in conjunction with increased osmolality by the addition of 50 mM (NH)SO, was quantified by image analysis. always developed a heterogeneous morphology with pellets and loose mycelia present simultaneously. In contrast to the non-supplemented control, the morphology of (NH)SO-supplemented cultures was characterized by smaller and circular pellets that were more stable against disintegration in the stationary production phase.
PubMed: 32624971
DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900036 -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... Jul 2020Mycetoma is disorder of subcutaneous tissue, skin, and bones, mainly the feet. Etiologically divided in Eumycetoma and actinomycetoma, since the treatment of both is...
Mycetoma is disorder of subcutaneous tissue, skin, and bones, mainly the feet. Etiologically divided in Eumycetoma and actinomycetoma, since the treatment of both is different, the diagnosis is mandatory. This is the case of 35-year-old lady with swelling in left foot with multiple discharging sinuses for 5 years that was none responding to antifungal treatment. Change of treatment after the culture confirmation of species improves patient condition drastically.
PubMed: 33102362
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_481_20