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Journal of Indian Society of... 2022, commonly known as frangipani or West Indian jasmine, is a traditional and ancient folklore medicine known for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant...
CONTEXT
, commonly known as frangipani or West Indian jasmine, is a traditional and ancient folklore medicine known for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The extracts from obtained from the leaves, bark, and flowers, are commonly used to manage bacterial, fungal, and viral infections such as herpes, scabies, and fungal infections. The constituents of the plant have shown promising antihelmintic, antipyretic, and antirheumatic properties. Although studies have confirmed that extracts from species are effective against microbial infections and cancer, its role in managing oral diseases, particularly the chronic inflammatory disease of the gums (gingivitis and periodontitis), has never been explored. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of the flower extract against oral and periodontal pathogens compared to chlorhexidine and doxycycline.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
This was an study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The ethanolic extract was prepared from the freshly plucked flowers. The antimicrobial properties of the extract were evaluated by testing the minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal bactericidal concentration, and well-diffusion assay against , and . The results were compared to chlorhexidine and doxycycline. The cytotoxicity was checked by the against human-derived gingival fibroblast and keratinocytes.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
One-way ANOVA for the mean zones of inhibition against all the microorganisms was done.
RESULTS
extract inhibited the growth for all the tested oral and periodontal pathogens at 25 μg/ml. The well-diffusion assay of extract was comparable to chlorhexidine but was not statistically significant compared to doxycycline.
CONCLUSION
can be used as a promising alternative to chlorhexidine for the management of oral and periodontal infections.
PubMed: 35959306
DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_329_21 -
Metabolites Apr 2024The oral cavity contains a vast array of microbes that contribute to the balance between oral health and disease. In addition, oral bacteria can gain access to the...
The oral cavity contains a vast array of microbes that contribute to the balance between oral health and disease. In addition, oral bacteria can gain access to the circulation and contribute to other diseases and chronic conditions. There are a limited number of publications available regarding the comparative lipidomics of oral bacteria and fungi involved in the construction of oral biofilms, hence our decision to study the lipidomics of representative oral bacteria and a fungus. We performed high-resolution mass spectrometric analyses (<2.0 ppm mass error) of the lipidomes from five Gram-positive commensal bacteria: , , , , and ; five Gram-positive opportunistic bacteria: , , , , and ; seven Gram-negative opportunistic bacteria: , , , , , and ; and one fungus: . Our mass spectrometric analytical platform allowed for a detailed evaluation of the many structural modifications made by microbes for the three major lipid scaffolds: glycerol, sphingosine and fatty acyls of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs).
PubMed: 38668368
DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040240 -
Biomedicines Jun 2020Dental caries is considered to be a preventable disease, and various antimicrobial agents have been developed for the prevention of dental disease. However, many...
BACKGROUND
Dental caries is considered to be a preventable disease, and various antimicrobial agents have been developed for the prevention of dental disease. However, many bacteria show resistance to existing agents.
METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
In this study, four known 1,4-naphthoquinones and newly synthesized 10 pyrimidinone-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones, i.e. KHQ 701, 702, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717 and 718, were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against and Pyrimidinone-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones were synthesized in good yields through a series of chemical reactions from a commercially available 1,4-dihydroxynaphthoic acid. MIC values of KHQ 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717 and 718 were 6.25-50 μg/mL against (CCARM 5511) 6.25-25 μg/mL against (KACC11954) and (CCARM 3506), 1.56-25 μg/mL against (KACC 13234), 3.125-100 μg/mL against (KACC16833), 1.56-100 μg/mL against (KCTC5809) and (KCTC 5352), 3.125-50 μg/mL against (KCTC 9146) and 3.125-12.5 μg/mL against (KCTC 2640) with a broth microdilution assay. A disk diffusion assay with KHQ derivatives also exhibited strong susceptibility with inhibition zones of 0.96 to 1.2 cm in size against . Among the 10 compounds evaluated, KHQ 711, 712, 713, 715, 716 and 717 demonstrated strong antimicrobial activities against the 9 types of pathogenic oral bacteria. A pyrimidin-4-one moiety comprising a phenyl group at the C2 position and a benzyl group at the N3 position appears to be essential for physiological activity.
CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE
Pyrimidinone-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones synthesized from simple starting compounds and four known 1,4-naphthoquinones were synthesized and showed strong antibacterial activity to the 9 common oral bacteria. These results suggest that these derivatives should be prospective for the treatment of dental diseases caused by oral bacteria, including drug-resistant strains.
PubMed: 32549271
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060160 -
Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society 2023The aim was to compare the efficacy of various herbal disinfectants on irreversible hydrocolloid impressions and to investigate the effectiveness of three herbal...
AIM
The aim was to compare the efficacy of various herbal disinfectants on irreversible hydrocolloid impressions and to investigate the effectiveness of three herbal disinfectants and a chemical disinfectant against particular pathogens.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
In vitro -a comparative study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The following methodology was followed to achieve the objectives. Four maxillary impressions were made for each selected patient with irreversible hydrocolloid impression material. The predisinfection swabs were taken from impression sites of teeth 17, 13, 27, and 23 (FDI system of tooth numbering). The impressions were immersed in all four different disinfectants such as 2% glutaraldehyde, Aloe vera solution, 50% neem oil, and apple vinegar solution, then the postdisinfection swabs were taken from the same sites 17,13,27,23 and then cultured onto sheep blood agar and examined for growth, and colony forming units (CFUs) of Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, and Actinomyces viscosus. The comparative analysis was done for the predisinfection and postdisinfection values in each study group.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Descriptive analysis, Kruskal Wallis test, Mann Whitney post hoc test, Wilcoxon signed rank test.
RESULTS
The results revealed that the mean CFUs of S. viridans, S. mutans, S. sanguis, and A. viscosus during postdisinfection samples were statistically significant when compared to predisinfection samples. Multiple comparison of the mean CFUs of all 4 microorganisms in the control group and in 50% Neem oil group was significantly lesser compared to A. vera and Apple Vinegar group.
CONCLUSION
CFUs of S. viridans, S. mutans, S. sanguis, and A. viscosus significantly decreased in the 50% neem oil group as well as the control group. As a result, 50% Neem oil was a viable option for disinfecting alginate impressions.
Topics: Humans; Disinfectants; Acetic Acid; Anti-Infective Agents; Colloids
PubMed: 37929369
DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_364_22 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2023Dental caries is a dynamic and composite process. The multifactorial etio-pathogenesis thus influences the initiation and the progression of the disease. The prime...
OBJECTIVES
Dental caries is a dynamic and composite process. The multifactorial etio-pathogenesis thus influences the initiation and the progression of the disease. The prime pathogenic bacterium includes sp . The purpose of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial property of the test herbal extracts and also their effects on the human oral keratinocytes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The bacterial strains (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC]-25175); (ATCC 4356) and (ATCC 15987) were cultured in the specific culture media-Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin, Man Rogosa Sharpe and Enrichment media, respectively. The test extracts were exposed to the cultured plates and the mean zone of inhibition was measured. The test herbal extracts were also tested for deleterious effects on oral keratinocytes via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Independent Student's -test and analysis of variances were performed.-25175); Lactobacillus species (ATCC 4356) and A. viscosus (ATCC 15987) were cultured in the specific culture media-Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin, Man Rogosa Sharpe and Enrichment media, respectively. The test extracts were exposed to the cultured plates and the mean zone of inhibition was measured. The test herbal extracts were also tested for deleterious effects on oral keratinocytes via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Independent Student's -test and analysis of variances were performed.
RESULTS
The extracts of , and linn inhibited the growth of bacteria and the antimicrobial effect was found to be statistically significant at the neat/standard concentration (100 μg/ml). The three extracts showed a cell viability range 96%-99% indicating that the test extracts did not produce or display any deleterious effects on the oral keratinocytes.
CONCLUSIONS
The three test herbal extracts possess effective anti-cariogenic properties with near par with the efficacy of chlorhexidine and proved to be the most potent. The extracts at different concentrations also proved to be safe, noncytotoxic producing a range of 96%-99% of cell viability of the oral keratinocytes.
PubMed: 37234333
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_151_21 -
Cellular Microbiology Aug 2021Porphyromonas gulae, an animal-derived periodontal pathogen, expresses several virulence factors, including fimbria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and proteases. We...
Porphyromonas gulae, an animal-derived periodontal pathogen, expresses several virulence factors, including fimbria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and proteases. We previously reported that its invasive efficiency was dependent on fimbriae types. In addition, P. gulae LPS increased inflammatory responses via toll-like receptors. The present study was conducted to investigate the involvement of P. gulae proteases in bacterial and host cell biology. Porphyromonas gulae strains showed an ability to agglutinate mouse erythrocytes and also demonstrated co-aggregation with Actinomyces viscosus, while the protease inhibitors antipain, PMSF, TLCK and leupeptin diminished P. gulae proteolytic activity, resulting in inhibition of haemagglutination and co-aggregation with A. viscosus. In addition, specific proteinase inhibitors were found to reduce bacterial cell growth. Porphyromonas gulae inhibited Ca9-22 cell proliferation in a multiplicity of infection- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, P. gulae-induced decreases in cell contact and adhesion-related proteins were accompanied by a marked change in cell morphology from well spread to rounded. In contrast, inhibition of protease activity prevented degradation of proteins, such as E-cadherin, β-catenin and focal adhesion kinase, and also blocked inhibition of cell proliferation. Together, these results indicate suppression of the amount of human proteins, such as γ-globulin, fibrinogen and fibronectin, by P. gulae proteases, suggesting that a novel protease complex contributes to bacterial virulence.
Topics: Animals; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Fimbriae, Bacterial; Mice; Peptide Hydrolases; Porphyromonas; Porphyromonas gingivalis
PubMed: 33486854
DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13312 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2021Peri-implantitis (PI) is a relatively frequent pathology that compromises the overall survival of the dental implant. Adjunctive approaches for the conventional...
Peri-implantitis (PI) is a relatively frequent pathology that compromises the overall survival of the dental implant. Adjunctive approaches for the conventional mechanical debridement are being suggested to optimize the treatment of PI. The goal of the study was the assessment of the disinfection potential of the Q-Switch Nd: YAG laser on contaminated titanium implant surfaces. A total of 72 sterile titanium discs were used and divided into three groups: 24 contaminated titanium discs treated with the laser (study Group L), 24 contaminated titanium discs with no treatment (control 1-Group C), and 24 sterile titanium discs with no treatment (control 2-Group S). Multi-species biofilm was used: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Prevotella intermedia. Commensal bacteria were included also: Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces viscosus, Streptococcus cristatus, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus parasanguinis, and Veillonella parvula. Parameters delivered per pulse on the targeted surfaces of the titanium discs were an energy density of 0.597 J/cm each pulse, a pulse power of 270 mW, a laser beam spot of 2.4 mm in diameter, and a rate of repetition of 10 Hertz (Hz) for a pulse duration of 6 nanoseconds (ns). The mode was no contact, and a distance of 500 micrometers was used with a total time of irradiation equal to 2 s (s). The collection of microbiological samples was made for all groups; colony-forming units (CFU) were identified by two different practitioners, and the average of their examinations was considered for each sample. The average of the TBC (CFU/mL) was calculated for each group. Values were 0.000 CFU/mL, 4767 CFU/mL, and 0.000 CFU/mL for Group L, Group C, and Group S, respectively. Therefore, the suggested treatment protocol was able to provoke a total disinfection of the contaminated titanium surfaces. A statistical difference was only found between Group L vs. Group C and between Group S vs. Group C. The difference was not significant between Group S and Group L. In conclusion, the present study confirmed that the Q-Switch Nd: YAG laser under our specific conditions can provide a total disinfection of the contaminated titanium surfaces.
PubMed: 34683666
DOI: 10.3390/ma14206078 -
European Review For Medical and... Aug 2022The aim of the study was to determine the bacterial-adherence to the experimental pellicle pretreated with commercially available oral-rinse/ photosensitizer (mimicking...
The effect of selected commercially available mouth-rinses vs. curcumin photosensitizers in an artificial mouth model mimicking their use before meals on early colonizers single species biofilm.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to determine the bacterial-adherence to the experimental pellicle pretreated with commercially available oral-rinse/ photosensitizer (mimicking use of oral-rinse/ photosensitizer before meals).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An artificial mouth (NAM) system was used for the development of single-species biofilm (Actinomyces viscosus, Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguinis respectively). Two commercially available oral-rinses containing active ingredients [Essential oils (EO) and Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) were used. Curcumin photosensitizer (PS) was used as a photosensitizer against the microbes. For the adherence study, the experimental pellicle on the beads (in the capillary tubes of the NAM system) was pretreated with the oral-rinse and photosensitizer before the inoculation of bacteria; this would resemble the use of rinse/ photosensitizer before meal. The bacterial population of the biofilm was determined using serial dilution assay and expressed as colony forming unit per ml. Deionized distilled water was used in place of oral-rinse/photosensitizer and served as a negative-control. For the qualitative study, bacterial population viewing was carried out using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
RESULTS
It was observed that on treatment with the oral-rinses the bacterial population of S.mitis, S.sanguinis and A.viscosus (adherence) was significantly reduced where the reduction was less for EO-based oral-rinse compared with that of CHX and curcumin PS in the following sequence EO
CONCLUSIONS
From the results, it appears that curcumin photosensitizer and oral-rinses contain CHX to be preferably used before-meal and EO after-meal.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteria; Biofilms; Curcumin; Meals; Mouth; Mouthwashes; Oils, Volatile; Photosensitizing Agents
PubMed: 35993642
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202208_29415 -
Revista Argentina de Microbiologia 2021Actinomyces and related genera are grampositive bacilli, opportunistic pathogens, which have been mainly involved in endogenous infections. However, due to the...
Actinomyces and related genera are grampositive bacilli, opportunistic pathogens, which have been mainly involved in endogenous infections. However, due to the complexity in identifying them for most clinical laboratories, there is scant knowledge about their real clinical significance. In this work, 166 isolates of 13 different species of Actinomyces/Actinotignum species recovered from clinical samples of patients treated in a university hospital were studied. The identification was performed by MALDI-TOF MS and molecular identification. MALDI-TOF MS identified 91.57% of the isolates (152/166) at the species level using a score ≥ 1.7 and 3.61% (6/166) of the isolates were identified only at the gender level with a score ≥ 1.5. MALDI-TOF MS did not yield reliable identification results for 4.82% (8/166) of the isolates. Actinomyces/Actinotignum species were isolated from: soft tissue (n: 47), urine samples (n: 35), head / neck abscesses (n: 19), genital abscesses (n: 11), blood samples (n: 10), breast abscesses (n: 8), osteoarticular samples (n: 6), abdominal/ascitic fluids (n: 3), abdominal abscesses (n: 5), sputum/BAL (n: 4), brain abscesses (n: 3), and others (n: 15). The results obtained from the statistical analysis showed a high differential frequency (> 2) for the location/species association: urine/A. schaalii/sanguinis; brain abscesses/A. europaeus; osteoarticular samples/A. urogenitalis; abdominal abscesses/ A. turicensis; respiratory samples/A. naeslundii/viscosus. This information provides a greater understanding of the clinical and epidemiological relevance of these species. The pathogenic role of Actinomyces spp. will be increasingly revealed as these microorganisms could be recognized thanks to prolonged culture and the advances in identification technology facilitated by MALDI-TOF MS.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycetaceae; Hospitals; Humans; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 33402284
DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2020.11.005 -
Heliyon Dec 2019Dental caries is a multi-factorial oral disease, requiring a susceptible host, cariogenic microorganisms and suitable substrate. Caries is extended worldwide in spite of...
PURPOSE
Dental caries is a multi-factorial oral disease, requiring a susceptible host, cariogenic microorganisms and suitable substrate. Caries is extended worldwide in spite of the availability of countless prophylactic means, including fluoride toothpaste and dental sealers. Many efforts have been made to achieve isolation of pure natural products for medicinal use. Flavonoids are bioactive polyphenol compounds possessing multidimensional effects such as antibacterial action.
METHODS
The present study targeted the characterization of antibacterial and antifungal activity of various flavonoids (apigenin, catechin, luteolin, morin, myricetin, naringin, quercetin and rutin). Nine strains present in dental plaque were used: and as well as fungal strain.
RESULTS
Results revealed that luteolin, morin, naringin, quercetin and rutin effectively inhibited bacterial and fungal growth. However, morin was the most effective flavonoid.
CONCLUSION
It might then be concluded that flavonoids show bacteriostatic effect on all of tested bacteria and fungus.
PubMed: 31886429
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03013