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Journal of Infection and Public Health Apr 2023Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare infection caused by the bacterial species actinomyces. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of pulmonary actinomycosis to... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare infection caused by the bacterial species actinomyces. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of pulmonary actinomycosis to improve awareness and knowledge. The literature was analysed using databases including Pubmed, Medline and Embase from 1974 to 2021. After inclusion and exclusion, a total of 142 papers were reviewed. Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare disease occurring in approximately 1 per 3,000,000 people annually. Historically, pulmonary actinomycosis was a common infection with high mortality; however, the infection has become rarer since the widespread use of penicillins. Actinomycosis is known as "the great masquerade"; however, it can be differentiated from other diseases with acid-fast negative ray-like bacilli and sulphur granules being pathognomonic. Complications of the infection include empyema, endocarditis, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and sepsis. The mainstay of treatment is prolonged antibiotic therapy, with adjuvant surgery in severe cases. Future research should focus on multiple areas, including the potential risk secondary to immunosuppression from newer immunotherapies, the utility of newer diagnostic techniques and ongoing surveillance post-therapy.
Topics: Humans; Actinomycosis; Actinomyces; Lung Diseases; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Penicillins
PubMed: 36801629
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.02.004 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal May 2022We report a case of primary temporal bone diffuse B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which is a rare entity. A 71-year-old male with a history of dementia and hemicraniectomy...
We report a case of primary temporal bone diffuse B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which is a rare entity. A 71-year-old male with a history of dementia and hemicraniectomy presented due to 1 month of a pronounced left ulcerative mastoid lesion. Strikingly, there were no cranial nerve deficits which was unexpected due to the degree of the lesion. Initially, infectious mastoiditis was suspected based on physical examination alone. Due to the patient being a poor historian, it was difficult to determine whether this was an acute or chronic issue. Temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma, infectious mastoiditis, and actinomycosis were on the differential, but biopsies revealed non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Topics: Actinomycosis; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Mastoid; Mastoiditis; Temporal Bone
PubMed: 32841094
DOI: 10.1177/0145561320950493 -
QJM : Monthly Journal of the... Nov 2021
Topics: Actinomycosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans
PubMed: 33682880
DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcab048 -
Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira de... 2022
Topics: Humans; Actinomycosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 36287474
DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0315-2022 -
Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical... Jul 2020is a gram-positive anaerobe that colonizes the human oral cavity. Its pathogenesis involves the disruption of the mucosal membrane, leading to suppuration and...
is a gram-positive anaerobe that colonizes the human oral cavity. Its pathogenesis involves the disruption of the mucosal membrane, leading to suppuration and subsequent abscess formation, most commonly in the cervicofacial region. The bacteria form masses consisting of aggregates of branching, filamentous bacilli. They typically spread by direct tissue invasion and less commonly through hematogenous spread. Lymphatic spread is extremely uncommon. To the best of our knowledge, only two cases have been reported with lymph node involvement. Clinically, lymphadenopathy associated with may be misinterpreted as malignancy, causing unnecessary surgical interventions when only antibiotics are warranted. This case highlights the importance of properly diagnosing a rare phenomenon of lymphadenitis.
PubMed: 32675981
DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2020.1744792 -
Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery Sep 2019This article reviews the salient clinical features, evaluation, and treatment of mycotic and bacterial infections of the perianal and contiguous zones of the human body. (Review)
Review
This article reviews the salient clinical features, evaluation, and treatment of mycotic and bacterial infections of the perianal and contiguous zones of the human body.
PubMed: 31507342
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1687828 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Sep 2021Actinomycosis is a rare chronic and suppurative infection caused by anerobic Gram Positive bacteria: actinomyces. Pelvic location is extremely rare, usually associated...
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE
Actinomycosis is a rare chronic and suppurative infection caused by anerobic Gram Positive bacteria: actinomyces. Pelvic location is extremely rare, usually associated with history of IUD contraception and doesn't have specific signs. Pelvic actinomycosis diagnosis may be confused with pelvic gynecologic malignancies or abscess. We present a retrospective and descriptive study of twelve patients with pelvic actinomycosis diagnosed and managed in our department from January 2000 to December 2011.
CASES PRESENTATION
The patients' mean age was 47 years. 75% of them had a history of IUD for a mean period of 8,44 years. Pelvic pain was the most common complaint. In four cases, pre-operative clinical presumption was tubo-ovarian abscess. Gynecologic malignancies were suspected in 8 patients. Pelvic actinomycosis management was based on surgery and long-term antibiotic.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
Pelvic actinomycosis is an extremely rare chronic infection, presenting 3% of human actinomycosis. Common clinical presentations include vaginal discharge, tubo-ovarian abscess and pelvic tumors mimicking gynecologic malignancies. It is difficult to diagnose. Association with IUD history was recognized. Management is based on surgery and long-term antibiotic administration.
CONCLUSION
Pelvic actinomycosis is an extremely rare chronic infection. This entity is difficult to diagnose. Accurate diagnosis can reduce complications and unnecessary surgeries, and can preserve fertility.
PubMed: 34507193
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.106387 -
Journal of Dental Sciences Jul 2022
PubMed: 35784171
DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.04.025 -
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2022Actinomycosis of the nasal cavity is very rare.
INTRODUCTION
Actinomycosis of the nasal cavity is very rare.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features, treatment methods, and treatment results of actinomycosis of the nasal cavity in our hospital.
METHODS
We retrospectively enrolled 11 patients with histopathologically identified actinomycosis of the nasal cavity from January 2010 to May 2020.
RESULTS
This study included five males and six females. The most common symptom was purulent nasal discharge (36.4%). Nasal actinomycosis occurred in the maxillary sinus in 5 (45.5%) patients, the ethmoid sinus in two, the hard palate in two, the frontal sinus in one, and the nasal septum in one. After surgery, intravenous administration of antibiotics was performed on average for 7.4 days and oral antibiotics were prescribed for about 120.5 days. The clinical characteristics of the patients with nasal actinomycosis and the duration of antibiotic usage were not significantly different. Trauma was significantly associated with repeated nasal actinomycosis infections (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Actinomycosis of the nasal cavity should be suspected when a patient with chronic sinusitis does not respond to medical therapy and has a history of dental treatment, local surgery or radiation therapy. Nasal can be sufficiently treated with antibiotics and endoscopic surgery.
Topics: Humans; Nasal Cavity; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34112606
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.05.003