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World Journal of Clinical Cases Feb 2021Chloracne is a rare skin condition that is caused by systemic exposure to halogenated aromatic compounds. The main characteristic of chloracne is blackhead, and in...
BACKGROUND
Chloracne is a rare skin condition that is caused by systemic exposure to halogenated aromatic compounds. The main characteristic of chloracne is blackhead, and in severe cases, it can be accompanied by systemic symptoms. Sodium 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-ol (STCP) is a necessary precursor compound for the production of chlorpyrifos and triclopyr, which are extensively used as a pesticide and herbicide, respectively. STCP is also a chlorophenol that has been associated with chloracne. STCP poisoning could induce mild myelin sheath damage. We herein report three cases with chloracne due to exposure to STCP.
CASE SUMMARY
Three young men, aged 29, 33, and 26 years, respectively, in the same workplace had polymorphic skin lesions, characterized mainly by comedones and cysts, and one of them also had acne like lesions in the genital area. These clinical manifestations appeared when they were exposed to STCP for 3 d, 1 wk, and 2 wk, respectively. Among them, polyneuropathy and liver damage occurred. We performed dermoscopy and clinical and laboratory tests on these patients. Additionally, histopathology was used for further diagnosis in the serious patient. These patients were diagnosed with chloracne and separated from STCP. The patients were prescribed oral viaminate capsules, topical adapalene gel, and regular hematologic follow-up for aspartate transaminase and lipids. They are still under follow-up. There was no new lesions and the laboratory tests returned to normal in two patients. Pigmentation and shallow scars remained in the original areas of papules. However, in the most serious patient, new papules still appeared intermittently. All these remind us that the treatment of chloracne caused by STCP is difficult, and we should attach great importance to this new compound related with the neuropathy and chloracne.
CONCLUSION
STCP is becoming a new chemical product to induce chloracne, which should attract the attention of all medical professionals, especially dermatologists. Due to the lack of knowledge on the new chemical, the diagnosis of chloracne cannot be made in time. Chloracne still deserves our attention.
PubMed: 33644170
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i5.1079 -
Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi =... Mar 2024To investigate the effects of different concentrations of adapalene on the morphology and functions of neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, as well as its role in inducing...
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the effects of different concentrations of adapalene on the morphology and functions of neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, as well as its role in inducing cell differentiation and apoptosis.
METHODS
SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group, low concentration (0.1 μM and 1 μM) adapalene groups, and high concentration (10 μM) adapalene group. Time-lapse microscopy was used to observe the morphological changes of SH-SY5Y cells. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the expression of neuronal specific marker βIII-tubulin and mature neuronal marker neurofilament heavy polypeptide (NFH). Multi-electrode array was used to record the electrophysiological features of SH-SY5Y cells. Cell apoptosis was evaluated using a cell apoptosis detection kit.
RESULTS
Low concentrations of adapalene promoted the formation of neurite outgrowth in SH-SY5Y cells, with the neurites interconnected to form a network. Spontaneous discharge activity was observed in SH-SY5Y cells treated with low concentrations of adapalene. Compared to the control group, the expression of βIII-tubulin and NFH increased in the 1 μM adapalene group, while the level of cell apoptosis increased in the high concentration adapalene group (<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Low concentrations of adapalene can induce differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells into mature functional neurons, while high concentrations of adapalene can induce apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells.
Topics: Humans; Tubulin; Neuroblastoma; Neurons; Cell Differentiation; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor
PubMed: 38557381
DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2310100 -
Pharmaceutics Sep 2019Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory pilosebaceous condition that affects 80-90% of adolescents. Since the introduction of tretinoin over 40 years ago, topical... (Review)
Review
Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory pilosebaceous condition that affects 80-90% of adolescents. Since the introduction of tretinoin over 40 years ago, topical retinoid products have been a mainstay of acne treatment. The retinoids are very effective in addressing multiple aspects of the acne pathology as they are comedolytic and anti-inflammatory, and do not contribute to antibiotic resistance or microbiome disturbance that can be associated with long-term antibiotic therapies that are a common alternative treatment. However, topical retinoids are associated with skin dryness, erythema and pain, and may exacerbate dermatitis or eczema. Thus, there is a clear need to target delivery of the retinoids to the pilosebaceous units to increase efficacy and minimise side effects in surrounding skin tissue. This paper reviews the current marketed topical retinoid products and the research that has been applied to the development of targeted topical delivery systems of retinoids for acne.
PubMed: 31554188
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100490 -
Crystal Growth & Design Jun 2024Lipophilic aggregation using adamantanes is a widely exploited molecular property in medicinal and materials chemistry. Adamantanes are traditionally installed to...
Lipophilic aggregation using adamantanes is a widely exploited molecular property in medicinal and materials chemistry. Adamantanes are traditionally installed to molecular units via covalent bonds. However, the noncovalent installation of adamantanes has been relatively underexplored and presents the potential to bring properties associated with adamantanes to molecules without affecting their intrinsic properties (e.g., pharmacophores). Here, we systematically study a series of adamantanecarboxylic acids with varying substitution levels of methyl groups and their cocrystals with bipyridines. Specifically, single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that while the directionality of single-component adamantanes is notably sensitive to changes in methyl substitution, hydrogen-bonded cocrystals with bipyridines show consistent and robust packing due to π-stacking predominance. Our observations are supported by Hirshfeld surface and energy framework analyses. The applicability of cocrystal formation of adamantanes bearing carboxylic acids was used to generate the first cocrystals of adapalene, an adamantane-bearing retinoid used for treating acne vulgaris. We envisage our study to inspire noncovalent (i.e., cocrystal) installation of adamantanes to generate lipophilic aggregation in multicomponent systems.
PubMed: 38911135
DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.4c00457 -
Pharmaceutics Feb 2024Acne vulgaris is a common dermatologic disorder that affects approximately 85% of teenagers, which significantly impacts the quality of life in adolescents. It is a... (Review)
Review
Acne vulgaris is a common dermatologic disorder that affects approximately 85% of teenagers, which significantly impacts the quality of life in adolescents. It is a chronic disease of the sebaceous follicles that is multifactorial in etiology. Topical treatment is the first choice for mild and moderate acne, while systemic therapy is reserved for severe and certain moderate cases. Topical treatments include retinoids (e.g., tretinoin and adapalene), antibiotics (e.g., clindamycine), and other agents (e.g., benzoyl peroxide and azelaic acid), often applied in combination. The mechanisms of action include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and keratolytic activities, as well as sebum secretion reduction, and the normalization of follicular keratinization. However, these topical agents commonly induce side effects, such as dryness, burning, stinging, peeling, redness, erythema, and photosensitivity. Therefore, there is a need to reduce the side effects of anti-acne drugs, while maintaining or enhancing their therapeutic effectiveness. This article aims to comprehensively outline nanotechnology strategies, particularly the use of phospholipid-based nanocarriers like liposomes and related vesicles, to enhance therapeutic efficacy, skin tolerability, and patient compliance in the treatment of acne vulgaris. In addition, novel active ingredients encapsulated in vesicles beyond those recommended in official guidelines are discussed.
PubMed: 38543203
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16030309 -
Cureus Mar 2021Background The association between isotretinoin administration and depression in acne patients remains controversial. We aim to estimate the prevalence of depression...
Background The association between isotretinoin administration and depression in acne patients remains controversial. We aim to estimate the prevalence of depression among patients with acne vulgaris before and after treatment with isotretinoin in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods This was a prospective study on patients attending the King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), a tertiary institution, who were prescribed isotretinoin for the treatment of acne vulgaris for the first time. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to screen for depressive symptoms. Results A total of 179 patients were included in the study. The patients were then divided into two groups based on the treatment modality that they received: one group taking isotretinoin and the other treatment group who used other medications, including Retin-A (tretinoin) and Tazorac (tazarotene). A total of 119 patients were in the isotretinoin group with 91.6%, 2.5%, 1.7%, and 3.4% of those patients having a normal mood, mild depression, moderate depression, and severe depression scores before starting isotretinoin treatment, respectively. After three months of treatment, 94.1%, 1.7%, 0.8%, and 2.5% of patients had normal mood, mild depression, moderate depression, and severe depression, respectively. Meanwhile, after six months of treatment, 95.8%, 0.8%, 0%, and 1.7% of patients had normal mood, mild depression, moderate depression, and severe depression, respectively. The mean BDI score at the baseline was 3.31 ± 6.98 for isotretinoin and 3.17 ± 6.27 for other treatments. Compared to the baseline, patients using the isotretinoin showed a significant reduction in depression scores at three months (2.64 ± 6.17; p-value < 0.001), six months (1.99 ± 5.08; p-value < 0.001), and across all follow-up points (p-value < 0.001). Similar results were also estimated for the other treatment group, including Retin-A (tretinoin), adapalene, benzoyl peroxide, and doxycycline; however, no significant difference was noticed between the two groups (p-value = 0.885). Conclusion Isotretinoin treatment for acne does not appear to be associated with a statistically significant increased risk of depression in our population. Therefore, more studies are needed to understand this reflection in Saudi Arabia.
PubMed: 33833906
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13680 -
International Journal of Biological... Oct 2019Hybrid delivery systems can release multiple drugs with different profiles and have several applications, including skin dressing. In this work, the co-solvent technique...
Hybrid delivery systems can release multiple drugs with different profiles and have several applications, including skin dressing. In this work, the co-solvent technique was used for the preparation of nanometric vesicles based on poly(styrene-b-ethylene oxide) block copolymer (BCPVs) containing adapalene (AD). The BCPVs were incorporated into collagen and gelatin matrices together with free AD and silver sulfadiazine (SSD). The AD content of BCPVs and their release capacity were analyzed by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The gelatin and collagen matrices were evaluated for their ability to release AD and SSD through an in vitro release study. The obtained results confirmed that the production of empty and AD-loaded BCPVs was viable. The degree of AD encapsulation in BCPVs was 9.0% and the in vitro test revealed a constant, slow, and prolonged release of AD content from AD-loaded BCPVs. The combination of free and encapsulated multiple drugs in hybrid delivery systems based on gelatin and collagen matrices was shown to act as a skin dressing that combined the progressive release of large amounts of drugs within the first hours of use (to restrict infection) with a more prolonged and slow release of AD to enhance skin healing.
Topics: Adapalene; Collagen; Drug Carriers; Drug Liberation; Gelatin; Polyethylene Glycols; Polystyrenes; Silver Sulfadiazine; Surface Properties
PubMed: 31401279
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.056 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Jan 2023Understanding the perceptions and practices associated with self-medication among undergraduate university students is of significant importance since there is evidence...
BACKGROUND
Understanding the perceptions and practices associated with self-medication among undergraduate university students is of significant importance since there is evidence showing that self-medication is prevalent among this group.
AIMS
The aim of this study is to evaluate the perceptions and extent of self-medication among undergraduate university students as well as assess their knowledge and patterns of self-medication for acne. A cross-sectional study was conducted with undergraduate university students aged between 18 and 25 years.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Students were briefed about the purpose of the study, and a pretested questionnaire was used for assessment. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25.
RESULTS
Five hundred and nineteen students participated in this study. Approximately 55.3% had self-medicated, and 38.2% of the participants reported self-medicating because they thought the situation was simple and did not require a doctor's visit. Adapalene was the most commonly administered medication (53%). Furthermore, 74.7% of the respondents said that they saw improvement after treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
A high percentage of students self-medicate their acne, many of whom use medication without a prescription. However, inappropriate use of drugs can increase the risk of adverse effects.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Universities; Saudi Arabia; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Students; Acne Vulgaris
PubMed: 36751818
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_587_20 -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy Sep 2022Synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (SM-MPCs) are a promising candidate for the cell-based treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) considering their in vitro...
Synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells from osteoarthritic joints in dogs possess lower chondrogenic-, and higher osteogenic capacity compared to normal joints.
BACKGROUND
Synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (SM-MPCs) are a promising candidate for the cell-based treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) considering their in vitro and in vivo capacity for cartilage repair. However, the OA environment may adversely impact their regenerative capacity. There are no studies for canine (c)SM-MPCs that compare normal to OA SM-MPCs, even though dogs are considered a relevant animal model for OA. Therefore, this study compared cSM-MPCs from normal and OA synovial membrane tissue to elucidate the effect of the OA environment on MPC numbers, indicated by CD marker profile and colony-forming unit (CFU) capacity, and the impact of the OA niche on tri-lineage differentiation.
METHODS
Normal and OA synovial membrane were collected from the knee joints of healthy dogs and dogs with rupture of the cruciate ligaments. The synovium was assessed by histopathological OARSI scoring and by RT-qPCR for inflammation/synovitis-related markers. The presence of cSM-MPCs in the native tissue was further characterized with flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, and immunohistochemistry, using the MPC markers; CD90, CD73, CD44, CD271, and CD34. Furthermore, cells isolated upon enzymatic digestion were characterized by CFU capacity, and a population doublings assay. cSM-MPCs were selected based on plastic adherence, expanded to passage 2, and evaluated for the expression of MPC-related surface markers and tri-lineage differentiation capacity.
RESULTS
Synovial tissue collected from the OA joints had a significantly higher OARSI score compared to normal joints, and significantly upregulated inflammation/synovitis markers S100A8/9, IL6, IL8, and CCL2. Both normal and OA synovial membrane contained cells displaying MPC properties, including a fibroblast-like morphology, CFU capacity, and maintained MPC marker expression over time during expansion. However, OA cSM-MPCs were unable to differentiate towards the chondrogenic lineage and had low adipogenic capacity in contrast to normal cSM-MPCs, whereas they possessed a higher osteogenic capacity. Furthermore, the OA synovial membrane contained significantly lower percentages of CD90+, CD44+, CD34+, and CD271+ cells.
CONCLUSIONS
The OA environment had adverse effects on the regenerative potential of cSM-MPCs, corroborated by decreased CFU, population doubling, and chondrogenic capacity compared to normal cSM-MPCs. OA cSM-MPCs may be a less optimal candidate for the cell-based treatment of OA than normal cSM-MPCs.
Topics: Adapalene; Animals; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Dogs; Inflammation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Osteoarthritis; Synovial Membrane; Synovitis; Thy-1 Antigens
PubMed: 36064441
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03144-z -
Journal of Ayub Medical College,... 2022Plantar wart is a common viral infection of the plantar surface of the foot. Multiple treatment modalities are available but there is no definitive management option.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Plantar wart is a common viral infection of the plantar surface of the foot. Multiple treatment modalities are available but there is no definitive management option. The aim of this study is to compare topical adapalene gel 0.1% with cryotherapy in patients presenting with plantar warts in terms of time taken for complete clearance of the lesions.
METHODS
The study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology, PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi from 28th April to 28th October 2020. Eighty-four patients with plantar warts who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Approval from the institutional ethical review committee was sought and written informed consent was taken from all the patients. Patients were divided into two groups, A (Adapalene 0.1% gel) and B (Cryotherapy) of 42 patients each. Adapalene gel was applied twice daily under occlusion at home and cryotherapy was done at the clinic after every two weeks. Patients were followed weekly from the onset of treatment and days taken for complete clearance of plantar warts were noted. Both the groups were compared for the outcome, i.e., time taken for complete clearance of lesions.
RESULTS
The mean time for complete clearance of plantar warts in group A was 35.619±3.154 days and in group B, it was 50.404±3.178 days.
CONCLUSIONS
Adapalene gel 0.1% used for the treatment of plantar warts helped in complete clearance of lesions faster than cryotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Adapalene; Cryotherapy; Foot; Gels; Treatment Outcome; Warts
PubMed: 36377148
DOI: 10.55519/JAMC-03-10167