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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, accompanied by motor deficits as well as gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Recent studies have proved that...
BACKGROUND
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, accompanied by motor deficits as well as gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Recent studies have proved that the disturbance of gut microbiota and metabolism contributes to the pathogenesis of PD; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects have yet to be elucidated. Curcumin (CUR) has been reported to provide neuroprotective effects on neurological disorders and modulate the gut flora in intestinal-related diseases. Therefore, it is of significant interest to investigate whether CUR could exert a protective effect on PD and whether the effect of CUR is dependent on the intestinal flora and subsequent changes in metabolites.
METHODS
In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of CUR on a mouse model of PD induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to explore the profile of the gut microbiota among controls, MPTP-treated mice and CUR-treated mice. Then, antibiotic treatment (ABX) and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments were conducted to examine the role of intestinal microbes on the protective effects of CUR in PD mice. Furthermore, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS)-based metabolomics analysis was used to identify the landscape of the CUR-driven serum metabolome. Finally, Pearson's analysis was conducted to investigate correlations between the gut flora-metabolite axis and CUR-driven neuroprotection in PD.
RESULTS
Our results showed that CUR intervention effectively improved motor deficits, glial cell activation, and the aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in MPTP-treated mice. 16S rRNA sequencing showed elevated abundances of , , and but depleted abundances of and in CUR-treated mice when compared with MPTP mice. ABX and FMT experiments further confirmed that the gut microbiota was required for CUR-induced protection in PD mice. Serum metabolomics analysis showed that CUR notably upregulated the levels of tyrosine, methionine, sarcosine and creatine. Importantly, strong correlations were identified among crucial taxa (, , , , and ), pivotal metabolites (tyrosine, methionine, sarcosine and creatine) and the motor function and pathological results of mice. CUR treatment led to a rapid increase in the brain levels of tyrosine and levodopa (dopa) these changes were related to the abundances of and .
CONCLUSIONS
CUR exerts a protective effect on the progression of PD by modulating the gut microbiota-metabolite axis. and , along with key metabolites such as tyrosine and dopa play a dominant role in CUR-associated neuroprotection in PD mice. Our findings offer unique insights into the pathogenesis and potential treatment of PD.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Creatine; Curcumin; Disease Models, Animal; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Levodopa; Metabolome; Methionine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Neuroprotective Agents; Parkinson Disease; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sarcosine
PubMed: 36034698
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.887407 -
Scientific Reports May 2021Currently, few studies are reported on the composition of microbiota in stroke patients and the association with stroke prognosis. This study investigated the differing...
Currently, few studies are reported on the composition of microbiota in stroke patients and the association with stroke prognosis. This study investigated the differing microbiota composition in stroke patients and confirmed the association of microbiota composition with poor functional outcome. Between January of 2018 and December of 2019, 198 patients with acute cerebral infarction were included in this study. For the case-control study, age and sex-matched normal healthy subjects (n = 200) were included when receiving their health screening examinations. We isolated bacterial extracellular membrane vesicles and extracted DNA from blood samples. Taxonomic assignments were performed by using the sequence reads of 16S rRNA genes following blood microbiota analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted appropriately by using Statistical Analysis System software. The mean age of the stroke patients were 63.7 ± 12.5 years, and the male sex was 58.5%. Of the total enrolled patients, poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Score ≥ 3) was noted in 19.7%. The principal component analysis of microbiota composition revealed significant differences between healthy control subjects and stroke patients. At the genus level, Aerococcaceae(f), ZB2(c), TM7-1(c), and Flavobacterium were significantly increased in stroke patients compared to the healthy controls, whereas Mucispirillum, rc4-4, Akkermansia, Clostridiales(o), Lactobacillus, and Stenotrophomonas were decreased considerably. For the functional outcome after ischemic stroke, Anaerococcus, Blautia, Dialister, Aerococcaceae(f), Propionibacterium, Microbacteriaceae(f), and Rothia were enriched in the group with good outcomes, whereas Ruminococcaceae(f) and Prevotella were enriched in the group with poor outcome. There was apparent dysbiosis of blood microbiota in patients with acute ischemic stroke compared to healthy people. Ruminococcaceae(f) and Prevotella were elevated in stroke patients with poor functional outcome.
Topics: Aged; Brain Ischemia; Dysbiosis; Feces; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged
PubMed: 34040060
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90463-5 -
Microorganisms May 2023Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a diverse group of microorganisms of the order in the phylum, subdivision , comprising, at this stage of taxonomic descriptions six...
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a diverse group of microorganisms of the order in the phylum, subdivision , comprising, at this stage of taxonomic descriptions six families (, , , , and ) [...].
PubMed: 37317164
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051190 -
Microorganisms Nov 2021The investigation of bacterial microbiota represents a developing research field in veterinary medicine intended to look for correlations between animal health and the...
The investigation of bacterial microbiota represents a developing research field in veterinary medicine intended to look for correlations between animal health and the balance within bacterial populations. The aim of the present work was to define the bacterial microbiota of the oral cavity of healthy sows, which had not been thoroughly described so far. In total, 22 samples of oral fluid were collected and analyzed by 16S-rRNA gene sequencing. CLC Genomics Workbench 20.0 (QIAGEN Digital Insights, Aarhus, Denmark) was then used to examine the results. The predominant orders were Lactobacillales, Clostridiales, and Corynebacteriales. Lactobacillaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae, Aerococcaceae, and Staphylococcaceae were the most represented families. As regards the most abundant genera, , , , , , , and can be pointed out as the bacterial core microbiota. Sows were also divided into "gestating" and "lactating" groups, and mild differences were found between pregnant and lactating sows. The data herein described represent an original contribution to the knowledge of the porcine bacterial microbiota. Moreover, the choice of sows as experimental animals was strategic for identifying the adult microbial community. These data provide a basis for further studies on the oral bacterial microbiota of pigs.
PubMed: 34835441
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112314 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022The brain development of preterm infants is easily affected by various adverse extrauterine factors and complications, resulting in abnormal neurological and cognitive...
BACKGROUND
The brain development of preterm infants is easily affected by various adverse extrauterine factors and complications, resulting in abnormal neurological and cognitive development. Recent studies have found that there is a significant correlation between intestinal microbial changes and cognitive behavior. Nevertheless, the correlation between the cognitive impairment and abnormal changes of intestinal microflora in the preterm newborn has been rarely elucidated.
AIM
To analyze the differences of fecal intestinal flora, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA)-related serum factors between preterm birth with and without cognitive impairment.
METHODS
Healthy female rats (body weight 410 ± 40 g) of 16-17 days of gestation were selected for the establishment of preterm cognitive impairment model and screened by Morris water maze navigation experiments. The pathological change of rat hippocampus was confirmed by HE staining. The abundance of fecal intestinal microflora was determined by 16sRNA sequencing, while the contents of fecal SCFAs were examined by gas chromatography.
RESULTS
Compared with the control group, the cognitive impairment group had decreased abundance and diversity of intestinal microflora and increased abundance of at the level of phylum. While the abundances of , , , and decreased significantly at the level of order, family, and genus, the abundances of , , , and increased significantly. Moreover, the levels of total SCFAs and acetic acid in the disease group were significantly lower. The fecal abundance of acetic acid was positively correlated with that of or , and negatively correlated with that of , and in disease rats. Furthermore, cognitive impairment caused significantly decreased levels of 5-HT, GABA, and BDNF, and increased levels of GR, CRH, IL-6, and TNF-α in rat blood.
CONCLUSION
Alterations in intestinal microflora structure and the abundances of SCFAs contributed substantially to the cognitive impairment in preterm rats, which was associated with significant changes in MGBA-related soluble factors.
Topics: Animals; Cognitive Dysfunction; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Premature Birth; Rats
PubMed: 36061856
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.945851 -
Journal of Biotechnology Feb 2024l-Lactate oxidase has important applications in biosensing and finds increased use in biocatalysis. The enzyme has been characterized well, yet its immobilization has...
l-Lactate oxidase has important applications in biosensing and finds increased use in biocatalysis. The enzyme has been characterized well, yet its immobilization has not been explored in depth. Here, we studied immobilization of Aerococcus viridansl-lactate oxidase on porous carriers of variable matrix material (polymethacrylate, polyurethane, agarose) and surface functional group (amine, Ni-loaded nitrilotriacetic acid (NiNTA), epoxide). Carrier activity (A) and immobilized enzyme effectiveness (ɳ) were evaluated in dependence of protein loading. Results show that efficient immobilization (A: up to 1450 U/g carrier; ɳ: up to 65%) requires a hydrophilic carrier (agarose) equipped with amine groups. The value of ɳ declines sharply as A increases, probably due to transition into diffusional regime. Untagged l-lactate oxidase binds to NiNTA carrier similarly as N-terminally His-tagged enzyme. Lixiviation studies reveal quasi-irreversible enzyme adsorption on NiNTA carrier while partial release of activity (≤ 25%) is shown from amine carrier. The desorbed enzyme exhibits the same specific activity as the original l-lactate oxidase. Collectively, our study identifies basic requirements of l-lactate oxidase immobilization on solid carrier and highlights the role of ionic interactions in enzyme-surface adsorption.
Topics: Aerococcus; Sepharose; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Enzymes, Immobilized; Amines
PubMed: 38280467
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.01.011 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite Edition) Aug 2022spp. and spp. are Gram-positive cocci, formerly known as nutritionally variant or deficient . Their role as causative agents of infective endocarditis (IE) is...
BACKGROUND
spp. and spp. are Gram-positive cocci, formerly known as nutritionally variant or deficient . Their role as causative agents of infective endocarditis (IE) is numerically uncertain, as well as diagnostic and clinical management of this infection. The aim of our study is to describe the clinical, microbiological, therapeutic, and prognosis of patients with IE caused by these microorganisms in a large microbiology department.
METHODS
Retrospective analysis of all the patients with spp. and spp. IE registered in our centre in the period 2004-2021.
RESULTS
Of the 822 IE in the study period, 10 (1.2%) were caused by spp. (7) or spp. (3). The species involved were (7), (2) and (1). Eight patients were male, their mean age was 46 years and four were younger than 21 years. The most frequent comorbidities were congenital heart disease (4; 40%) and the presence of intracardiac prosthetic material (5; 50%). IE occurred on 5 native valves and 5 prosthetic valve or material. Blood cultures were positive in 8/10 patients, within a mean incubation period of 18.07 hours. In the other two patients, a positive 16SPCR from valve or prosthetic material provided the diagnosis. Surgery for IE was performed in seven patients (70%) and in all cases positive PCR and sequencing from valve or prosthetic material was demonstrated. Valves and/or prosthetic removed material cultures were positive in four patients. Nine patients received ceftriaxone (4 in monotherapy and 5 in combination with other antibiotics). The mean length of treatment was 6 weeks and IE-associated mortality was 20% at one year follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
spp. or spp. IE were infrequent but not exceptional in our environment and particularly affected patients with congenital heart disease or prosthetic material. Blood cultures and molecular methods allowed the diagnosis. Most of them required surgery and the associated mortality, in spite of a mean age of 46 years, was high.
Topics: Abiotrophia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carnobacteriaceae; Ceftriaxone; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Retrospective Studies; Streptococcus
PubMed: 36137991
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbe1403023 -
International Journal of Infectious... Jan 2021We describe our multicenter experience on diagnosis and management of Aerococcus bacteremia including the susceptibility profile of Aerococcus species and a suggested...
OBJECTIVES
We describe our multicenter experience on diagnosis and management of Aerococcus bacteremia including the susceptibility profile of Aerococcus species and a suggested algorithm for clinicians.
METHODS
Retrospective study of all patients with positive blood cultures for Aerococcus species from January 2005 to July 2020 in our institution with clinical data and susceptibility profile. Data were collected from both electronic health record and clinical microbiology laboratory database.
RESULTS
There were 219 unique isolates with only the susceptibility profiles available, while 81 patients had clinical information available. Forty-nine of those cases were deemed as true bloodstream infection and the rest were of unclear clinical significance. Cases of endocarditis (n = 7) were high-grade, monomicrobial bacteremia caused by Aerococcus urinae. Patients with endocarditis were younger (66 vs 80 p < 0.05). The risk for endocarditis was higher if duration of symptoms was longer than 7 days (OR 105, 95% CI: 5-2271), or if there were septic emboli (OR 71, 95% CI: 3-1612). A DENOVA score cutoff of ≥ 3 was 100% sensitive and 89% specific in detecting endocarditis. The 30-day and 3-month all-cause mortality for bacteremia was 17% and 24%, respectively. Six out of seven patients with endocarditis survived.
CONCLUSIONS
Antibiotic regimen for aerococcal bloodstream infections and endocarditis should be guided by species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. DENOVA scoring system's performance in this study is more congruent to other studies. Hence, it can be used as an adjunctive tool in assessing the need for echocardiogram to rule out endocarditis. In our experience, two and four weeks of treatment for bloodstream infections and endocarditis, respectively, had good outcomes.
Topics: Adult; Aerococcus; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Sepsis; Young Adult
PubMed: 33157289
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.096 -
Biochemical and Biophysical Research... Sep 2021The crystal structure of l-lactate oxidase in complex with l-lactate was solved at a 1.33 Å resolution. The electron density of the bound l-lactate was clearly shown...
The crystal structure of l-lactate oxidase in complex with l-lactate was solved at a 1.33 Å resolution. The electron density of the bound l-lactate was clearly shown and comparisons of the free form and substrate bound complexes demonstrated that l-lactate was bound to the FMN and an additional active site within the enzyme complex. l-lactate interacted with the related side chains, which play an important role in enzymatic catalysis and especially the coupled movement of H265 and D174, which may be essential to activity. These observations not only reveal the enzymatic mechanism for l-lactate binding but also demonstrate the dynamic motion of these enzyme structures in response to substrate binding and enzymatic reaction progression.
Topics: Aerococcus; Bacterial Proteins; Binding Sites; Catalytic Domain; Crystallography, X-Ray; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Models, Molecular; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 34214876
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.078 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023In order to investigate and develop functional foods of marine origin with hypoglycemic activity, polysaccharide-Zn(II) (EZ) complex was first prepared by marine...
In order to investigate and develop functional foods of marine origin with hypoglycemic activity, polysaccharide-Zn(II) (EZ) complex was first prepared by marine resourced polysaccharide (EP) and ZnSO and their anti-diabetes activities against high-sugar and high-fat-induced diabetic mice were evaluated. The detailed structural characterization of EZ was elucidated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and monosaccharide composition determination. The pharmacological research suggests that EZ has a potent hypoglycemic effect on high-sugar and high-fat-induced diabetic mice by inhibiting insulin resistance, improving dyslipidemia, decreasing inflammatory status, repairing pancreas damage, as well as activating the IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and regulating GLUT2 gene expression. At the same time, microbiota analysis indicates that a high dose of EZ could enhance the abundance of dominant species, such as , , , , and , in intestinal microbiota distribution. Thus, EZ could be considered as a potential candidate for developing an ingredient of functional foods for Zn(II) supplements with hypoglycemic activity.
PubMed: 37569125
DOI: 10.3390/foods12152854