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Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jun 2024There is a growing evidence suggesting the association of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and cognitive impairment. In this study we evaluated the possible involvement of gut...
There is a growing evidence suggesting the association of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and cognitive impairment. In this study we evaluated the possible involvement of gut microbiota in the cognitive impairments mediated by VDD and investigated the effects of pharmacological treatment with the oxazoline derivative of the aliamide palmitoylethanolamide, 2-Pentadecyl-2-oxazoline (PEA-OXA). Mice were submitted to behavioural, biochemical and electrophysiological analysis to assess whether their vitamin D status affected cognitive performance together with gut microbiota composition. In VDD mice we found cognitive malfunctioning associated with reduced neuroplasticity, indicated by impaired long term potentiation, and neuroinflammation at the hippocampal level. Importantly, PEA-OXA counteracted the cognitive impairments and modified the biochemical and functional changes induced by VDD. Additionally, PEA-OXA treatment enhanced gut microbiota diversity, which tended to be decreased by VDD only in female mice, elevated the relative abundance of lactic and butyric acid-producing families, i.e. Aerococcaceae and Butyricicoccaceae, and reversed the VDD-induced decrease of butyrate-producing beneficial genera, such as Blautia in female mice, and Roseburia in male mice. These data provide novel insights for a better understanding of the cognitive decline induced by VDD and related gut dysbiosis and its potential therapeutic treatment.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cognitive Dysfunction; Male; Female; Mice; Vitamin D Deficiency; Hippocampus; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Ethanolamines; Dysbiosis; Amides; Cognition; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 38670046
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116600 -
Journal of Nutritional Science 2022Colostrum quality is of paramount importance in the management of optimal ruminant growth and infectious disease prevention in early life. Live yeast supplementation...
A live yeast supplementation to gestating ewes improves bioactive molecule composition in colostrum with no impact on its bacterial composition and beneficially affects immune status of the offspring.
Colostrum quality is of paramount importance in the management of optimal ruminant growth and infectious disease prevention in early life. Live yeast supplementation effect during the last month of gestation was evaluated on ewes' colostrum composition. Two groups of ewes ( = 14) carrying twin lambs were constituted and twins were separated into groups (mothered or artificially fed) 12 h after birth. Nutrient, oligosaccharides (OS), IgG and lactoferrin concentrations were measured over 72 h after lambing, and bacterial community was described in colostrum collected at parturition (T0). Immune passive transfer was evaluated through IgG measurement in lamb serum. In both groups, colostral nutrient, OS concentrations and IgG concentrations in colostrum and lamb serum decreased over time ( < 0⋅01), except for lactose, which slightly increased ( < 0⋅001), and lactoferrin, which remained stable. Bacterial population was stable over time with high relative abundances of Aerococcaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae and Staphylococcaceae in T0 colostrum. No effect of supplementation was observed in nutrient and lactoferrin concentrations. In supplemented ewes, the level of colostral IgG was higher at T0 and a higher level of serum IgG was observed in lambs born from supplemented mothers and artificially fed, while no effect of supplementation was observed in the mothered lamb groups. Using a metabolomic approach, we showed that supplementation affected OS composition with significantly higher levels of colostral Neu-5Gc compounds up to 5 h after birth. No effect of supplementation was observed on bacterial composition. Our data suggest that live yeast supplementation offsets the negative impact of early separation and incomplete colostrum feeding in neonate lambs.
Topics: Animals; Colostrum; Dietary Supplements; Female; Pregnancy; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sheep
PubMed: 35291274
DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.3 -
BMJ Case Reports Jun 2021is a nutritional variant streptococcus, with affinity for endovascular structures that cannot be cultured on non-supplemented media, leading to a delay in diagnosis....
is a nutritional variant streptococcus, with affinity for endovascular structures that cannot be cultured on non-supplemented media, leading to a delay in diagnosis. This case describes a 36-year-old woman with a previously known bicuspid aortic valve that presented with asthenia, myalgias and anorexia with 2-month onset. On admission, we documented fever and a systolic murmur. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed an oscillating mass attached to the aortic valve. The patient was admitted with a possible diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Later, blood cultures were positive for Due to severe aortic regurgitation and congestive heart failure, she underwent surgical aortic valve replacement. After 6 weeks of antimicrobial therapy, the patient experienced full recovery. Despite of its rarity, endocarditis is associated with significant morbidity with mortality and physicians must have a high level of suspicion to ensure a prompt diagnosis and provide the appropriate treatment.
Topics: Abiotrophia; Adult; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans
PubMed: 34155014
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-241964 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Jan 2020A bacterial strain inhibiting the growth of , the causative agent of vibriosis, was isolated from fish intestines. The isolated strain HS36 was identified as based on...
A bacterial strain inhibiting the growth of , the causative agent of vibriosis, was isolated from fish intestines. The isolated strain HS36 was identified as based on the characteristics of the genus according to and by 16S rRNA sequencing. The growth rate and antibacterial activity of strain HS36 in shaking culture were higher than those in static culture, while the optimal pH and temperature for antibacterial activity were 7.0 and 30°C, respectively. The active antibacterial substance was purified from a culture broth of HS36 by Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography, Sephadex G-25 gel chromatography, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Its molecular weight, as estimated by Tricine SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was approximately 1,000 Da. The antibacterial substance produced by strain HS36 was stable after incubation for 1 h at 100°C. Although its antibacterial activity was optimal at pH 6-8, activity was retained at a pH range from 2 to 11. The purified antibacterial substance was inactivated by proteinase K, papain, and β-amylase treatment. The newly purified antibacterial substance, classified as a class II bacteriocin, inhibited the growth of , , and .
Topics: Aerococcus; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiosis; Bacteria; Bacteriocins; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Fishes; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Klebsiella pneumoniae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salmonella enterica; Temperature; Vibrio
PubMed: 31693836
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1910.10015 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Jul 2021Swine abortion caused by viruses as well as bacteria has caused many economic losses in domestic farms over the years; however, bacterial abortion has not yet been...
Swine abortion caused by viruses as well as bacteria has caused many economic losses in domestic farms over the years; however, bacterial abortion has not yet been studied in Korea. Several bacterial species were isolated from aborted fetuses (n = 103) for which the cause of death was not viral abortion. Among them, we focused on Aerococcus viridans, which had the highest positive rate within three provinces (Gangwon, Jeonnam and Gyeongnam). A total of 16 isolates were identified as A. viridans by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and 13 were characterized by both antibiotic resistance and 16S rRNA gene analysis. Based on antibiotic susceptibility testing result, eight antimicrobials could not effectively eliminate the present isolation (more than 40% of isolates can resist these antibiotics), while all except two strains were susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Molecular analysis indicated genetic variation among these strains. This study is the first report detecting A. viridans from aborted fetuses in Korean domestic farms.
Topics: Aerococcus; Animals; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Farms; Genetic Variation; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Prevalence; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Republic of Korea; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Sus scrofa; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 33624943
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.456 -
BMJ Case Reports Nov 2020A 65-year old man presented with 6-week history of bilateral knee pain and swelling, with difficulty mobilising. He had bilateral total knee arthroplasties in situ...
A 65-year old man presented with 6-week history of bilateral knee pain and swelling, with difficulty mobilising. He had bilateral total knee arthroplasties in situ performed 5 years prior complicated by postoperative wound infection. Bilateral synovial fluid cultures were positive for , and extensive investigations had not identified an extra-articular source of infection. Failing debridement antibiotic and implant retention procedure, the patient underwent a simultaneous bilateral 2-stage revision with articulated cement spacers impregnated with vancomycin and gentamycin. The patient received 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotics after each stage. is a nutritiously fastidious organism, posing a challenge for clinical laboratories to isolate and perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing, yet prosthetic joint infections caused by are scarce in literature and present atypically with subacute signs of chronic infection. This poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, and two-stage revision is the only documented treatment that successfully eradicates the infection.
Topics: Abiotrophia; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthritis, Infectious; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Debridement; Disease Management; Humans; Male; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Reoperation; Streptococcal Infections; Synovial Fluid
PubMed: 33148580
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237116 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2020Plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is associated with coronary atherosclerotic plaque and cardiovascular disease risk, but associations between gut microbes in acute...
UNLABELLED
Plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is associated with coronary atherosclerotic plaque and cardiovascular disease risk, but associations between gut microbes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and post-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (post-STEMI) events are unknown. We investigated associations between gut microbial taxa and systemic TMAO levels and the possible TMAO contribution to incident post-STEMI cardiovascular events.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 60 patients, including 30 with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), 30 post-STEMI and 30 healthy controls, were enrolled from June to November 2017. Metagenomic sequencing was performed and TMAO and IL-6 were detected.
RESULTS
Minimal discriminators of gut microbial taxa (top 40) distinguished ACS patients from controls. Serum TMAO levels were positively associated with increased abundance of Aerococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae_UCG.005, Ruminococcaceae_UCC.014 and X. Eubacterium_fissicatena, and decreased abundance of Lachnospiraceae_FCS020 (P < 0.05). Elevated serum TMAO levels correlated independently with ACS (P < 0.05). Risk stratification for incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) improved at one year in patients with serum TMAO levels ≦2.19 µM. Serum interleukin-6 levels were not significantly increased in patients with ACS and post-STEMI MACE.
CONCLUSIONS
ACS and incident post-STEMI MACE may be associated with the gut bacteria choline metabolite TMAO. The specific gut microbial taxa identified in association with serum TMAO levels may be potential predictive biomarkers for accurate diagnosis of ACS onset.
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Adult; Biomarkers; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
PubMed: 32060329
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59235-5 -
The American Journal of Case Reports May 2020BACKGROUND Initially presumed as nonpathogenic, the bacterial genus aerococcus now includes 7 distinct virulent and avirulent species. Aerococcus urinae first isolated... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND Initially presumed as nonpathogenic, the bacterial genus aerococcus now includes 7 distinct virulent and avirulent species. Aerococcus urinae first isolated in 1992 is an uncommon cause of urinary tract infection (UTI) and is seen in only 0.15% to 0.8% of cases. A. urinae associated invasive bacteremia and systemic infection are extremely rare entities. Less than 50 cases of A. urinae associated with infective endocarditis (IE) have been reported in the literature, with the prevalence being 3 per 1 million. CASE REPORT A 59-year-old male presented to our hospital with exertional dyspnea and new-onset atrial flutter. Prior to his current admission patient was treated for A. urinae associated UTI with levofloxacin for 10 days. A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed severe aortic regurgitation with aortic valve endocarditis, which was subsequently confirmed on transesophageal echocardiogram. Blood cultures displayed gram-positive cocci in clusters, ultimately identified as A. urinae. The patient was treated with intravenous vancomycin and underwent surgical aortic valve replacement along with patch repair for underlying aortic wall ulcer. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first-ever reported case of A. urinae associated IE complicated by an aortic wall ulcer. Male gender, age >65 years, and preexisting urinary tract pathology have all been implicated as risk factors for aerococcus infection. A. urinae is almost always sensitive to penicillin, carbapenem, and aminoglycosides.
Topics: Aerococcus; Aortic Valve; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Atrial Fibrillation; Dyspnea; Echocardiography; Echocardiography, Transesophageal; Endocarditis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Ulcer
PubMed: 32437335
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.920974 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2021is a nutritionally variant streptococci that is found in the oral cavity, and it is an etiologic agent of infective endocarditis. We have previously reported the...
is a nutritionally variant streptococci that is found in the oral cavity, and it is an etiologic agent of infective endocarditis. We have previously reported the binding activity of to fibronectin and to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). However, the contribution of some adhesion factors on the binding properties has not been well delineated. In this study, we identified DnaK, a chaperon protein, as being one of the binding molecules of to fibronectin. Recombinant DnaK (rDnaK) bound immobilized fibronectin in a concentration-dependent manner, and anti-DnaK antiserum reduced the binding activity of with both fibronectin and HUVECs. Furthermore, DnaK were observed on the cell surfaces via immune-electroscopic analysis with anti-DnaK antiserum. Expression of IL-8, CCL2, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 was upregulated with the rDnaK treatment in HUVECs. Furthermore, TNF-α secretion of THP-1 macrophages was also upregulated with the rDnaK. We observed these upregulations in rDnaK treated with polymyxin B, but not in the heat-treated rDnaK. The findings show that DnaK functions not only as an adhesin to HUVECs via the binding to fibronectin but also as a proinflammatory agent in the pathogenicity to cause infective endocarditis.
Topics: Abiotrophia; Bacterial Adhesion; Bacterial Proteins; Fibronectins; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Inflammation
PubMed: 34445234
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168528 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Nov 2022Aerococcus urinae is a bacterium of emerging clinical interest that most commonly causes urinary tract infections (UTI) but can also result in invasive infections. It is...
BACKGROUND
Aerococcus urinae is a bacterium of emerging clinical interest that most commonly causes urinary tract infections (UTI) but can also result in invasive infections. It is a catalase-negative, alpha-haemolytic gram-positive coccus that grows in clusters or tetrads and usually causes urinary tract infections. While rare, infective endocarditis must be considered when A. urinae is isolated in blood culture. The mortality rate of A. urinae infective endocarditis is similar to overall endocarditis mortality. We report a rare case of aortic root abscess caused by A. urinae.
CASE PRESENTATION
An 82-year-old Caucasian man presented to hospital with behavioural change and severe malnutrition and was managed for psychotic depression. On day 34 of his inpatient stay, a febrile episode prompted blood cultures, which grew Aerococcus. urinae. Investigations revealed a bicuspid aortic valve, aortic valve endocarditis and aortic root abscess. He also had prostatomegaly. He underwent aortic valve replacement, received 6 weeks of intravenous ceftriaxone and recovered.
CONCLUSION
Infective endocarditis should be considered in patients with persistent Aerococcus urinae bacteraemia. Accurate identification with mass spectrometry is recommended to avoid misidentification as staphylococcus, streptococcus or enterococcus, which is a possibility with conventional laboratory methods.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged, 80 and over; Aerococcus; Abscess; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Endocarditis; Urinary Tract Infections; Stomatognathic Diseases
PubMed: 36397095
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03564-8