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PloS One 2021Previous studies have found that healthcare-associated bacteremia (HAB) by Aeromonas species is associated with mortality. However, there is limited data on this outcome...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have found that healthcare-associated bacteremia (HAB) by Aeromonas species is associated with mortality. However, there is limited data on this outcome in patients with hematologic malignancies. This study aimed to identify the clinical features of patients with malignant hematologic diseases diagnosed with Aeromonas sobria bacteremia and to evaluate whether the type of bacteremia, community-acquired bacteremia (CAB) or HAB, is associated with mortality.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of pediatric and adult patients between January 2000 and December 2017. Clinical characteristics were compared between CAB and HAB. Additionally, we stratified based on age group. Survival outcomes were assessed with Kaplan-Meier curves and a multivariate Cox regression analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 37 patients (median age 24 years) were identified; 23 (62%) had HAB and 14 (38%) had CAB. Overall, the most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain (41%). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 12/15, 80%) and acute myeloid leukemia (n = 8/22, 36%) were the primary hematologic malignancies in pediatric and adult patients, respectively. CAB patients had worse overall survival (OS) rates at 30 days in all (43% versus HAB 91%, p = 0.006) and adult patients (30% versus HAB 92%, p = 0.002). Cox regression analysis found that quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and CAB were statistically significant factors associated with mortality. Low antimicrobial-resistant was noted, except for ciprofloxacin (n = 5/37, 14%).
CONCLUSION
Our study found a worse OS among patients with hematologic malignancies and CAB by Aeromonas sobria. Our results suggest that patients with CAB present with a worse disease severity. These findings should aid clinicians to determine the survival prognosis in this population.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aeromonas; Aged; Bacteremia; Child; Child, Preschool; Ciprofloxacin; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Organ Failure; Peru; Proportional Hazards Models; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 34379680
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255910 -
Journal of Zhejiang University....Aeromonas sobria, a Gram-negative bacterium that can colonize both humans and animals, is found in a variety of environments, including water, seafood, meat, and...
Aeromonas sobria, a Gram-negative bacterium that can colonize both humans and animals, is found in a variety of environments, including water, seafood, meat, and vegetables (Cahill, 1990; Galindo et al., 2004; Song et al., 2019). Aeromonas spp. are conditionally pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture, which can rapidly proliferate, causing disease and even death in fish, especially when the environment is degraded (Neamat-Allah et al., 2020, 2021a, 2021b). In developing countries, Aeromonas spp. have been associated with a wide spectrum of infections in humans, including gastroenteritis, wound infections, septicemia, and lung infections (San Joaquin and Pickett, 1988; Wang et al., 2009; Su et al., 2013). Infections caused by Aeromonas spp. are usually more severe in immunocompromised individuals (Miyamoto et al., 2017). The presence of a plasmid encoding a β-lactamase in A. sobria that confers resistance to β-lactam antibiotics poses a huge challenge to the treatment of diseases caused by this microorganism (Lim and Hong, 2020). Consequently, an in-depth understanding of the interaction between A. sobria and its hosts is urgently required to enable the development of effective strategies for the treatment of A. sobria infections.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Cytokines; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Host Microbial Interactions; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Macrophages; Mice; NF-kappa B; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34514758
DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B2100456 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022is a Gram-negative pathogen that causes food-borne illness. In immunocompromised patients and the elderly, opportunistically leads to severe extraintestinal diseases...
is a Gram-negative pathogen that causes food-borne illness. In immunocompromised patients and the elderly, opportunistically leads to severe extraintestinal diseases including sepsis, peritonitis, and meningitis. If that infects the intestinal tract causes such an extraintestinal infection, the pathogen must pass through the intestinal epithelial barrier. In our earlier study using intestinal cultured cells (T84 cells), we observed that an strain with higher serine protease (ASP) production caused a marked level of bacterial translocation across the T84 intestinal epithelial monolayer. Herein, we investigated the effect of ASP on tight junctions (TJs) in T84 cells. We observed that ASP acts on TJs and causes the destruction of ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, and claudin-7 (i.e., some of the protein components constituting TJs), especially in the strains with high ASP productivity. Based on the present results together with those of our earlier study, we propose that ASP may cause a disruption of the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium as a whole due to the destruction of TJs (in addition to the destruction of adherens junctions) and that ASP may assist invasion of the pathogens from the intestinal epithelium into deep sites in the human body.
Topics: Aeromonas; Bacterial Translocation; Cell Line; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Serine Proteases; Tight Junctions
PubMed: 35273923
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.824547 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Nov 2022Efficient, site-specific, and bio-orthogonal conjugation of chemical functionalities to proteins is of great utility in fundamental research as well as industrial...
Efficient, site-specific, and bio-orthogonal conjugation of chemical functionalities to proteins is of great utility in fundamental research as well as industrial processes (e.g., the production of antibody-drug conjugates and immobilization of enzymes for biocatalysis). A popular approach involves reacting a free N-terminal cysteine with a variety of electrophilic reagents. However, current methods for generating proteins with N-terminal cysteines have significant limitations. Herein we report a novel, efficient, and convenient method for producing recombinant proteins with free N-terminal cysteines by genetically fusing a Met-Pro-Cys sequence to the N-terminus of a protein of interest and subjecting the recombinant protein to the sequential action of methionine and proline aminopeptidases. The resulting protein was site-specifically labeled at the N-terminus with fluorescein and a cyclic cell-penetrating peptide through native chemical ligation and a 2-cyanobenzothiazole moiety, respectively. In addition, the optimal recognition sequence of proline aminopeptidase was determined by screening a combinatorial peptide library and incorporated into the N-terminus of a protein of interest for most efficient N-terminal processing.
Topics: Cysteine; Aminopeptidases; Recombinant Proteins; Fluorescein; Peptide Library
PubMed: 36378906
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10194 -
Microorganisms Oct 2021The aims of this study were to characterize and investigate antimicrobial susceptibility and presence of integrons in 161 spp. isolated from ornamental freshwater fish...
Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance of Environmental and Clinical Species Isolated from Fresh Water Ornamental Fish and Associated Farming Environment in Sri Lanka.
The aims of this study were to characterize and investigate antimicrobial susceptibility and presence of integrons in 161 spp. isolated from ornamental freshwater fish farming environment, apparently healthy and diseased fish. Phylogenetic analyses of the gene sequences identified as the most abundant species (75.8%) followed by (9.3%), (5%), (4.3%), (3.7%), (0.6%), (0.6%), and (0.6%). Susceptibility to thirteen antimicrobials was determined and antimicrobial resistance frequencies were: amoxicillin (92.5%), enrofloxacin (67.1%), nalidixic acid (63.4%), erythromycin (26.1%), tetracycline (23.6%), imipenem (18%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (16.8%), and gentamicin (16.8%). Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was widespread among the isolates (51.6%, 83/161) with 51.6% (63/122) isolates being MDR. In addition, 68.3% of isolates had multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indexes higher than 0.2, suggesting that they originated from a high-risk source of contamination where antimicrobials are often used. In all, 21.7% isolates carried class 1 integrons, with 97.1% having gene cassettes, while there were 12 isolates carrying class 2 integron gene cassettes. Our findings highlight that the aquatic environment and ornamental fish act as reservoirs of multidrug resistant spp. and underline the need for a judicious use of antimicrobials and timely surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquaculture.
PubMed: 34683427
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102106 -
Microbiological Research Jul 2022Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered alternatives to classical antibiotics and may become an excellent candidate for tackling antimicrobial resistance in...
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered alternatives to classical antibiotics and may become an excellent candidate for tackling antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture. Designing novel antimicrobial peptides for curbing antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture is paramount in one health approach. In this study, a short and compositionally simple peptide, KK16, was designed. KK16 is amphipathic with a net charge of + 6. Molecular docking results revealed that KK16 has a strong affinity towards two virulence proteins of Aeromonas sobria; aerolysin and outer membrane protein (omp). The peptide was synthesised using Fmoc-chemistry, and its antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated in vitro against A.sobria, A. salmonicida, Edwardsiella tarda, A. hydrophila, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The KK16 AMP showed potent activity against the tested bacterial pathogens as revealed by the MIC and MBC, ranging from 7.81 to 500 µM, and 15-900 µM, respectively. Moreover, the peptide was stable at higher temperatures and retained its activity in presence of serum and salt. The peptide displayed less haemolytic and cytotoxic activity even at higher concentrations. In peptide-DNA binding assay, KK16 showed its binding potential with bacterial genomic DNA and thus, may interfere with replication. Fluorescent microscopy revealed the uptake of propidium iodide by peptide treated bacterial cells, indicating its membrane disruption activity. In in vivo experiment, KK16 peptide completely inhibited the growth of Saprolegnia parasitica fungus at ≥ 30 µM peptide concentrations in embryonated fish eggs. The results indicate that KK16 peptide is stable, possess potent antibacterial and antifungal activity, less cytotoxic to host cells, and hence may prove to be a promising anti-infective agent for combating common bacterial and fungal infections.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Escherichia coli; Fishes; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Docking Simulation; Peptides
PubMed: 35500455
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127039 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021, a common conditional pathogenic bacteria, is widely distributed in the environment and causes gastroenteritis in humans or septicemia in fish. Of all species, is the...
, a common conditional pathogenic bacteria, is widely distributed in the environment and causes gastroenteritis in humans or septicemia in fish. Of all species, is the most frequently isolated from human infections especially in immunocompromised subjects. Innate immunity is the first protection system of organism to resist non-specific pathogens invasion; however, the immune response process of hosts against infection re\mains unexplored. The present study established an infection model using primary mouse peritoneal macrophages (PMφs). The adherence and cytotoxicity of on PMφs were determined by May-Grünwald Giemsa staining and LDH release measurement. Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels were measured using qPCR, western blotting, and ELISA methods. We also investigated the levels of ASC oligomerization and determined the roles of active caspase-1 in IL-1β secretion through inhibition assays and explored the activated pattern recognition receptors through immunofluorescence. We further elucidated the roles of activated inflammasome in regulating the host's inflammatory response through inhibition combined with ELISA assays. Our results showed that induced lytic cell death and LDH release, whereas it had no adhesive properties on PMφs. triggered various proinflammatory cytokine transcription level upregulation, and IL-1β occupied the highest levels. The pro-IL-1β protein expression levels increased in a dose-dependent manner with MOI ranging from 1 to 100. This process was regulated by ASC-dependent inflammasome, which cleavage pro-IL-1β into active IL-1β p17 with activated caspase-1 p20. Meanwhile, the expression levels of NLRP3 receptor significantly increased, location analysis revealed puncta-like surrounding nuclear, and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome downregulated caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion. Blocking of NLRP3 inflammasome activation through K efflux and cathepsin B or caspase approaches downregulated -induced proinflammatory cytokine production. Overall, these data indicated that induced proinflammatory cytokine production in PMφs through activating NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Caspase 1; Cytokines; Inflammasomes; Interleukin-1beta; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Mice; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein
PubMed: 34513725
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.691445 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2022The uncontrolled discharge of industrial wastes causes the accumulation of high heavy metal concentrations in soil and water, leading to many health issues. In the...
The uncontrolled discharge of industrial wastes causes the accumulation of high heavy metal concentrations in soil and water, leading to many health issues. In the present study, a Gram-negative Aeromonas sobria was isolated from heavily contaminated soil in the Tanjaro area, southwest of Sulaymaniyah city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq; then, we assessed its ability to uptake heavy metals. A. sobria was molecularly identified based on the partial amplification of 16S rRNA using novel primers. The sequence was aligned with 33 strains to analyze phylogenetic relationships by maximum likelihood. Based on maximum tolerance concentration (MTC), A. sobria could withstand Zn, Cu, and Ni at concentrations of 5, 6, and 8 mM, respectively. ICP-OES data confirmed that A. sobria reduced 54.89% (0.549 mM) of the Cu, 62.33% (0.623 mM) of the Ni, and 36.41% (0.364 mM) of the Zn after 72 h in the culture medium. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that A. sobria accumulated both Cu and Ni, whereas biosorption was suggested for the Zn. These findings suggest that metal-resistant A. sobria could be a promising candidate for heavy metal bioremediation in polluted areas. However, more broadly, research is required to assess the feasibility of exploiting A. sobria in situ.
Topics: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Phylogeny; Iraq; Metals, Heavy
PubMed: 36481784
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25781-3 -
Heliyon Sep 2023Finding eco-friendly alternatives for antibiotics in treating bacterial diseases affecting the aquaculture sector is essential. Herbal plants are promising alternatives,...
Finding eco-friendly alternatives for antibiotics in treating bacterial diseases affecting the aquaculture sector is essential. Herbal plants are promising alternatives, especially when combined with nanomaterials. Neem () leaves extract was synthesized using a chitosan nanocapsule. Chitosan neem nanocapsule (CNNC) was tested in- and in- against the () challenge in Nile tilapia. A preliminary experiment with 120 Nile tilapia was conducted to determine the therapeutic dose of CNNC, which was established to be 1 mg/L. A treatment study was applied for seven days using 200 fish categorized into four groups (10 fish/replicate: 50 fish/group). The first (control) and second (CNNC) groups were treated with 0 and 1 mg/L CNNC in water without being challenged. The third () and fourth (CNNC + ) groups were treated with 0 and 1 mg/L CNNC, respectively, and challenged with (1 × 10 CFU/mL). Interestingly, CNNC had an in- antibacterial activity against ; the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of CNNC against were 6.25 and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively. challenge caused behavioral alterations, skin hemorrhage, fin rot, and reduced survivability (60%). The infected fish suffered a noticeable elevation in the malondialdehyde level and hepato-renal function markers (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and creatinine). Moreover, a clear depletion in the level of the antioxidant and immune indicators (catalase, reduced glutathione, lysozymes, nitric oxide, and complement 3) was obvious in the group. Treatment of the challenged fish with 1 mg/L CNNC recovered these parameters and enhanced fish survivability. Overall, CNNC can be used as a new versatile tool at 1 mg/L as a water treatment for combating the challenge for sustainable aquaculture production.
PubMed: 37662722
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19354 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Nov 2022Plant-derived bioactive compounds with promising nutritional and therapeutic attributes (phytogenics) are among the top priorities in the aquaculture sector. Therefore,...
Plant-derived bioactive compounds with promising nutritional and therapeutic attributes (phytogenics) are among the top priorities in the aquaculture sector. Therefore, the impact of thymol (Thy) and/or thymoquinone (ThQ) on the growth, immune response antioxidant capacity, and () resistance of Nile tilapia was investigated. Four fish groups were fed a control diet and three basal diets supplemented with 200 mg/kg diet of Thy or ThQ and a blend of both Thy and ThQ at a level of 200 mg/kg diet each. At the end of the feeding trial (12 weeks), the tilapias were challenged intraperitoneally with virulent (2.5 × 10 CFU/mL) harboring aerolysin () and hemolysin () genes. The results revealed that tilapias fed diets fortified with a combination of Thy and ThQ displayed significantly enhanced growth rate and feed conversion ratio. Notably, the expression of the genes encoding digestive enzymes (pepsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, α-amylase and lipase) and muscle and intestinal antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase) was significantly upregulated in Thy/ThQ-fed fish. An excessive inflammatory response was subsided more prominently in the group administrated Thy/ThQ as supported by the downregulation of , and genes and in contrast, the upregulation of the anti-inflammatory gene. Remarkably, dietary inclusion of Thy/ThQ augmented the expression of autophagy-related genes, whilst it downregulated that of gene improving the autophagy process. Furthermore, Thy/ThQ protective effect against was evidenced via downregulating the expression of its and virulence genes with higher fish survival rates. Overall, the current study encouraged the inclusion of Thy/ThQ in fish diets to boost their growth rates, promote digestive and antioxidant genes expression, improve their immune responses and provide defense against infections with great economic benefits.
PubMed: 36359158
DOI: 10.3390/ani12213034