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International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2021Medicinal mushrooms have important health benefits and exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antiallergic, antibacterial, antifungal,... (Review)
Review
Medicinal mushrooms have important health benefits and exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antiallergic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral, cytotoxic, immunomodulating, antidepressive, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, digestive, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, osteoprotective, and hypotensive activities. The growing interest in mycotherapy requires a strong commitment from the scientific community to expand clinical trials and to propose supplements of safe origin and genetic purity. Bioactive compounds of selected medicinal mushrooms and their effects and mechanisms in in vitro and in vivo clinical studies are reported in this review. Besides, we analyzed the therapeutic use and pharmacological activities of mushrooms.
Topics: Agaricales; Animals; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans
PubMed: 33435246
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020634 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023is a valuable mushroom known for its strong bioactive properties. It shows promising potential as an excellent neuroprotective agent, capable of stimulating nerve... (Review)
Review
is a valuable mushroom known for its strong bioactive properties. It shows promising potential as an excellent neuroprotective agent, capable of stimulating nerve growth factor release, regulating inflammatory processes, reducing oxidative stress, and safeguarding nerve cells from apoptosis. The active compounds in the mushroom, such as erinacines and hericenones, have been the subject of research, providing evidence of their neuroprotective effects. Further research and standardization processes for dietary supplements focused on are essential to ensuring effectiveness and safety in protecting the nervous system. Advancements in isolation and characterization techniques, along with improved access to pure analytical standards, will play a critical role in achieving standardized, high-quality dietary supplements based on . The aim of this study is to analyze the protective and nourishing effects of on the nervous system and present the most up-to-date research findings related to this topic.
Topics: Neuroprotective Agents; Agaricales; Neurons; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37958943
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115960 -
Nutrients Nov 2023Given the bioactive properties and limited work to date, (Lion's mane) shows promise in improving cognitive function and mood. However, much of the human research has... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The Acute and Chronic Effects of Lion's Mane Mushroom Supplementation on Cognitive Function, Stress and Mood in Young Adults: A Double-Blind, Parallel Groups, Pilot Study.
BACKGROUND
Given the bioactive properties and limited work to date, (Lion's mane) shows promise in improving cognitive function and mood. However, much of the human research has concentrated on chronic supplementation in cognitively compromised cohorts.
OBJECTIVE
The current pilot study investigated the acute and chronic (28-day) cognitive and mood-enhancing effects of in a healthy, young adult cohort.
DESIGN
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-groups design investigated the acute (60 min post dose) and chronic (28-day intervention) effects of 1.8 g in 41 healthy adults aged 18-45 years.
RESULTS
Analysis revealed that following a single dose of , participants performed quicker on the Stroop task ( = 0.005) at 60 min post dose. A trend towards reduced subjective stress was observed following 28-day supplementation ( = 0.051).
CONCLUSIONS
The findings tentatively suggest that may improve speed of performance and reduce subjective stress in healthy, young adults. However, null and limited negative findings were also observed. Given the small sample size, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Further investigation in larger sample sizes is crucial, however the findings of this trial offer a promising avenue of interest.
Topics: Young Adult; Humans; Agaricales; Pilot Projects; Cognition; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 38004235
DOI: 10.3390/nu15224842 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2023Edible/medicinal mushrooms have been traditionally used in Asian countries either in the cuisine or as dietary supplements and nutraceuticals. In recent decades, they... (Review)
Review
Edible/medicinal mushrooms have been traditionally used in Asian countries either in the cuisine or as dietary supplements and nutraceuticals. In recent decades, they have aroused increasing attention in Europe as well, due to their health and nutritional benefits. In particular, among the different pharmacological activities reported (antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral, immunomodulating, antidiabetic, etc.), edible/medicinal mushrooms have been shown to exert in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects on several kinds of tumors, including breast cancer. In this article, we reviewed mushrooms showing antineoplastic activity again breast cancer cells, especially focusing on the possible bioactive compounds involved and their mechanisms of action. In particular, the following mushrooms have been considered: , , , , , , , , and . We also report insights into the relationship between dietary consumption of edible mushrooms and breast cancer risk, and the results of clinical studies and meta-analyses focusing on the effects of fungal extracts on breast cancer patients.
Topics: Humans; Female; Agaricales; Breast Neoplasms; Pleurotus; Dietary Supplements; Diet; Antineoplastic Agents; Shiitake Mushrooms
PubMed: 37373268
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210120 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Medicinal mushrooms, e.g., Lion's Mane ( (Bull.) Pers.), Reishi ( (Curtis) P. Karst.), Chaga ( (Ach. ex Pers.) Pilát), Cordyceps ( (Berk.) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung,... (Review)
Review
Medicinal mushrooms, e.g., Lion's Mane ( (Bull.) Pers.), Reishi ( (Curtis) P. Karst.), Chaga ( (Ach. ex Pers.) Pilát), Cordyceps ( (Berk.) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones and Spatafora), Shiitake ( (Berk.) Pegler), and Turkey Tail ( (L.) Lloyd), are considered new-generation foods and are of growing interest to consumers. They are characterised by a high content of biologically active compounds, including (1,3)(1,6)-β-d-glucans, which are classified as dietary fibre, triterpenes, phenolic compounds, and sterols. Thanks to their low-fat content, they are a low-calorie product and are classified as a functional food. They have a beneficial effect on the organism through the improvement of its overall health and nutritional level. The biologically active constituents contained in medicinal mushrooms exhibit anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and immunomodulatory effects. In addition, these mushrooms accelerate metabolism, help fight obesity, and slow down the ageing processes thanks to their high antioxidant activity. The vast therapeutic properties of mushrooms are still not fully understood. Detailed mechanisms of the effects of medicinal mushrooms on the human organism still require long-term clinical studies to confirm their nutraceutical effects, their safety of use, and their dosage. Medicinal mushrooms have great potential to be used in the design of innovative functional foods. There is a need for further research on the possibility of incorporating mushrooms into food products to assess the interactions of their bioactive substances with ingredients in the food matrix. This review focuses on the properties of selected medicinal mushrooms and their effects on the human organism and presents current knowledge on the possibilities of their use in the production of functional foods.
Topics: Humans; Agaricales; Functional Food; Trametes; Antioxidants; Reishi; Nutritive Value
PubMed: 37513265
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145393 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology May 2023is an edible and medicinal mushroom commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. Several studies have highlighted its therapeutic potential for... (Review)
Review
is an edible and medicinal mushroom commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. Several studies have highlighted its therapeutic potential for gastrointestinal disorders such as gastritis and inflammatory bowel diseases. In addition, some components of this mushroom appear to possess strong antineoplastic capabilities against gastric and colorectal cancer. This review aims to analyse all available evidence on the digestive therapeutic potential of this fungus as well as the possible underlying molecular mechanisms.
Topics: Humans; Agaricales; Hericium; Gastritis
PubMed: 37346156
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i20.3048 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Sep 2019
Topics: Agaricales; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 31172177
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz096 -
Toxins May 2023Since ancient times, mushrooms have been considered valuable allies of human well-being both from a dietary and medicinal point of view. Their essential role in several... (Review)
Review
Since ancient times, mushrooms have been considered valuable allies of human well-being both from a dietary and medicinal point of view. Their essential role in several traditional medicines is explained today by the discovery of the plethora of biomolecules that have shown proven efficacy for treating various diseases, including cancer. Numerous studies have already been conducted to explore the antitumoural properties of mushroom extracts against cancer. Still, very few have reported the anticancer properties of mushroom polysaccharides and mycochemicals against the specific population of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this context, β-glucans are relevant in modulating immunological surveillance against this subpopulation of cancer cells within tumours. Small molecules, less studied despite their spread and assortment, could exhibit the same importance. In this review, we discuss several pieces of evidence of the association between β-glucans and small mycochemicals in modulating biological mechanisms which are proven to be involved with CSCs development. Experimental evidence and an in silico approach are evaluated with the hope of contributing to future strategies aimed at the direct study of the action of these mycochemicals on this subpopulation of cancer cells.
Topics: Humans; beta-Glucans; Agaricales; Polysaccharides; Neoplasms; Neoplastic Stem Cells
PubMed: 37368660
DOI: 10.3390/toxins15060360 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Mar 2024Mushrooms contain bioactive compounds with documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. Here, we present a systematic evaluation of epidemiological and clinical... (Review)
Review
Mushrooms contain bioactive compounds with documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. Here, we present a systematic evaluation of epidemiological and clinical studies that investigate the role of mushrooms, either as a separate or integral dietary component, on neurocognition and mood. Following a search of four databases, a total of 34 human studies examining the effect of different mushrooms across varying age cohorts and health statuses were selected for inclusion. Epidemiological studies included in this review (n = 24) revealed a significant benefit of dietary patterns that included mushrooms of any species on cognition and mood in both healthy and compromised populations. However, the results obtained from intervention studies (n = 10) were mixed. Studies mainly investigated Lion's Mane (Hericium erinaceus), showing some enhancement of mood and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults. Further acute and chronic human intervention studies are needed, using adequate sample sizes, employing appropriately sensitive neurocognitive tests, and investigating a range of dietary mushrooms, to confirm the effects of mushroom supplementation on neurocognition and mood in humans.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Agaricales; Longevity; Antioxidants
PubMed: 38246232
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105548 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2019lectin (CNL) is present in fruiting bodies of clouded agaric along with several similar isolectins that are all small and stable proteins. It is a beta-trefoil type... (Review)
Review
lectin (CNL) is present in fruiting bodies of clouded agaric along with several similar isolectins that are all small and stable proteins. It is a beta-trefoil type lectin forming homodimers that are essential for its functionality. It binds specifically ,'-diacetyllactosediamine (GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc, LacDiNac) and human blood group A determinant-containing glycan epitopes. Its most probable function is to defend fruiting bodies against predators and parasites. In addition, an endogenous regulatory function is possible for CNL, as indicated by its interaction with fungal protease inhibitors sharing the beta-trefoil fold. CNL is toxic to insects, nematodes and amoebae, as well as to leukemic T-cell lines. Bivalent carbohydrate binding is essential for the toxicity of CNL, against both invertebrates and cancer-derived cell lines. In addition, CNL exhibits potent immunostimulation of human dendritic cells, resulting in a strong T helper cell type 1 response. Based on its unique characteristics, CNL is a promising candidate for applications in human and veterinary medicine as well as in agriculture, for plant protection.
Topics: Agaricales; Animals; Fungal Proteins; Lactose; Lectins
PubMed: 31756927
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234204