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Archivos Peruanos de Cardiologia Y... 2023Infective endocarditis is a serious disease associated with high mortality despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment. is a fastidious Gram-negative member of... (Review)
Review
Infective endocarditis is a serious disease associated with high mortality despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment. is a fastidious Gram-negative member of the HACEK organisms ( spp., , , , and ). is associated with dental infections but has also been implicated in cases of infective endocarditis. We highlight the importance of a high index of suspicion in symptomatic patients with an initial negative blood culture, particularly in high-risk groups such as patients with congenital valve disease and prosthetic valve. The knowledge of this rare entity may lead to early diagnosis and appropriate management. We review the main characteristics of endocarditis reported in the medical literature.
PubMed: 38046225
DOI: 10.47487/apcyccv.v4i3.306 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Nov 2021A virulent genotype (JP2) of the periodonto-pathogen, (), is widespread in North and West Africa, while its presence in East Africa has not been thoroughly...
BACKGROUND
A virulent genotype (JP2) of the periodonto-pathogen, (), is widespread in North and West Africa, while its presence in East Africa has not been thoroughly investigated. This JP2 genotype is associated with periodontitis in adolescents and has a high leukotoxicity. The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of and its JP2 genotype, the prevalence of the oral, commensal in a Maasai adolescent population, and the effect of herbal plants for inhibition of leukotoxicity.
METHODS
A total of 284 adolescents from Maasai Mara, Kenya, underwent an oral examination and microbial sampling. The presence of and was analyzed by quantitative PCR and cultivation (the 58 samples collected at the last day of field study). The collected strains were characterized and leukotoxin promoter typed. Additionally, herbal plants commonly used for oral hygiene were assessed for the inhibition of leukotoxicity.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of in stimulated whole saliva was high (71.8%), with the JP2 genotype detected in one individual, and in 99% of the sampled individuals. The commonly used herbal plant, , inactivated leukotoxicity. The virulence might be reduced through use of and the high levels of .
PubMed: 34830683
DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225402 -
BMJ Case Reports Jul 2020A 76-year-old woman with a rare case of spinal epidural abscess (SEA) that had no risk factors for such type of infection, presented symptoms of back pain, progressive...
A 76-year-old woman with a rare case of spinal epidural abscess (SEA) that had no risk factors for such type of infection, presented symptoms of back pain, progressive neurological deficit of the lower limb and loss of sphincter control. A gadolinium-enhanced MRI confirmed the diagnosis of an SEA. The patient underwent laminectomy with surgical drainage, where cultures showed the presence of , a bacterium of the HACEK group ( species, species, , , and species), rarely involved in SEA. Following surgery, the patient was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone for 6 weeks, and this gave excellent results.
Topics: Aged; Aggregatibacter aphrophilus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftriaxone; Epidural Abscess; Female; Humans; Laminectomy; Pasteurellaceae Infections; Postoperative Complications; Spine
PubMed: 32675123
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-235320 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Dec 2021This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of bacteremia caused by Haemophilus and Aggregatibacter species in patients who were treated at...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of bacteremia caused by Haemophilus and Aggregatibacter species in patients who were treated at a medical center between 2006 and 2018.
METHODS
Haemophilus and Aggregatibacter isolates were identified up to the species level using Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF analysis and ancillary 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis (in case of ambiguity). Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with bacteremia caused by these organisms were evaluated.
RESULTS
Sixty-five Haemophilus and Aggregatibacter species isolates causing bacteremia were identified from nonduplicated patients, including 51 (78.5%) Haemophilus influenzae, 6 (9.2%) Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 1 (1.5%) Haemophilus haemolyticus, 3 (4.6%) A. aphrophilus, and 4 (6.2%) A. segnis. Hospital mortality was observed in 18 (28.1%) of 64 patients with bacteremia caused by Haemophilus (n = 57) and Aggregatibacter species (n = 7). The majority of patients with bacteremia had community-acquired disease with low severity. The average Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was low (4.4 ± 4.7). But, a higher SOFA score (adjusted odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.22-5.12; P = 0.01) was an independent factor predicting poor 7-day clinical outcomes in patients with community-acquired H. influenzae bacteremia (n = 39).
CONCLUSIONS
The overall hospital mortality of 28.1% was observed among patients with bacteremia due to Haemophilus and Aggregatibacter species. A higher SOFA score was and independent predictor of poor 7-day clinical outcomes in patients with community-acquired H. influenzae bacteremia.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aggregatibacter; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Female; Haemophilus; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Organ Dysfunction Scores; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 33390332
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.12.002 -
The New Microbiologica May 2023We report a case of a 26-year-old female who developed a brain abscess that was strongly suspected to be caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis, A. aphrophilus, and E....
We report a case of a 26-year-old female who developed a brain abscess that was strongly suspected to be caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis, A. aphrophilus, and E. corrodens species. In general, A. aphrophilus and E. corrodens, members of the HACEK group (Haemophilus spp., Aggregatibacter spp., C. hominis, E. corrodens, and K. kingae), have been associated with the development of endocarditis, meningitis, sinusitis, otitis media, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, peritonitis, and wound infections. Cerebral abscesses are a rare manifestation of these bacteria; only a few cases are described in the literature, generally related to the diffusion of these organisms through the bloodstream after a dental procedure or a heart disease. Our case is unique because the rarity of the infection site appeared apparently in absence of risk factors. The patient underwent surgery to drain the abscess and was subsequently put on intravenous antibiotic treatment with ceftriaxone, vancomycin, and metronidazole. After 6 months, brain imaging revealed that the lesion had disappeared. The patient achieved excellent results with this approach.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Aggregatibacter aphrophilus; Eikenella corrodens; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brain Abscess
PubMed: 37247244
DOI: No ID Found -
IDCases 2020previously , is an uncommon organism that historically has been associated with HACEK infective endocarditis and brain abscesses. This organism is most often isolated...
previously , is an uncommon organism that historically has been associated with HACEK infective endocarditis and brain abscesses. This organism is most often isolated as part of normal oral flora, and patients with infection usually have an underlying periodontal infection or immunocompromised state allowing for infection. This case report outlines a unique presentation of left superficial temporal abscess due to infection in an immunocompetent individual.
PubMed: 32346513
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00753 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2022is part of the normal flora in the oropharynx and upper respiratory tract, which causes invasive bacteremia in rare cases. However, the culture and identification of...
is part of the normal flora in the oropharynx and upper respiratory tract, which causes invasive bacteremia in rare cases. However, the culture and identification of are challenging, hence easily misdiagnosed or undetected in clinical practice. In this case, a 73-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital with a fever and right hip pain. Routine blood and C-reactive protein tests showed abnormal inflammatory markers. Positive blood culture revealed the presence of through mass spectrometry. The computed tomography examination further revealed the presence of psoas abscess, pulmonary infection, and pleural effusion, which was relieved by ceftriaxone combined with levofloxacin therapy, the drainage of psoas abscess and pleural effusion. Therefore, since multiple anatomic sites infection, including bloodstream, psoas abscess and pulmonary infection caused by is rare, sufficient attention should be paid to its clinical diagnosis and treatment.
PubMed: 36262594
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S381360 -
Microbiology Spectrum Apr 2024and are two of the most common bacterial genera in the human oral cavity, encompassing both commensals and pathogens of substantial ecological and medical...
UNLABELLED
and are two of the most common bacterial genera in the human oral cavity, encompassing both commensals and pathogens of substantial ecological and medical significance. In this study, we conducted a metapangenomic analysis of oral and species to uncover genomic diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and habitat specialization within the human oral cavity. Using three metrics-pangenomic gene content, phylogenomics, and average nucleotide identity (ANI)-we first identified distinct species and sub-species groups among these genera. Mapping of metagenomic reads then revealed clear patterns of habitat specialization, such as species predominantly in dental plaque, a distinctive sub-species group on the tongue dorsum, and . sp. HMT-036 predominantly in keratinized gingiva and buccal mucosa. In addition, we found that supragingival plaque samples contained predominantly only one out of the three taxa, , , and . sp. HMT-458, suggesting independent niches or a competitive relationship. Functional analyses revealed the presence of key metabolic genes, such as oxaloacetate decarboxylase, correlated with habitat specialization, suggesting metabolic versatility as a driving force. Additionally, heme synthesis distinguishes . sp. HMT-036 from closely related , suggesting that the availability of micronutrients, particularly iron, was important in the evolutionary ecology of these species. Overall, our study exemplifies the power of metapangenomics to identify factors that may affect ecological interactions within microbial communities, including genomic diversity, habitat specialization, and metabolic versatility.
IMPORTANCE
Understanding the microbial ecology of the mouth is essential for comprehending human physiology. This study employs metapangenomics to reveal that various and species exhibit distinct ecological preferences within the oral cavity of healthy individuals, thereby supporting the site-specialist hypothesis. Additionally, it was observed that the gene pool of different species correlates with their ecological niches. These findings shed light on the significance of key metabolic functions in shaping microbial distribution patterns and interspecies interactions in the oral ecosystem.
Topics: Humans; Aggregatibacter; Phylogeny; Ecosystem; Haemophilus; Mouth
PubMed: 38488280
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04017-23 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Feb 2021Aggregatibacter aphrophilus, formerly known as Haemophilus aphrophilus, belongs to the HACEK organisms, a group of pathogens classically associated with infectious...
BACKGROUND
Aggregatibacter aphrophilus, formerly known as Haemophilus aphrophilus, belongs to the HACEK organisms, a group of pathogens classically associated with infectious endocarditis. A. aphrophilus is a rarely found pathogen, though abscess formation in various organs has been described, typically due to spread from an infected heart valve. Here we describe the unusual case of multiple hepatic abscesses caused by A. aphrophilus.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 33-year-old Caucasian man presented at our hospital with fever and malaise, elevated inflammatory markers, and liver enzymes. Imaging was compatible with multiple liver and pulmonary abscesses, without evidence of endocarditis. Cultures of blood and liver abscess material remained without growth. Polymerase chain reaction finally revealed Aggregatibacter aphrophilus in the liver tissue. The patient recovered fully within 6 weeks of doxycycline treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
There are only a few case descriptions of liver abscesses caused by A. aphrophilus. As a ubiquitous organism in the gastrointestinal tract, A. aphrophilus may reach the liver via the portal venous system, as well as through hematogenous spread from the oropharynx. HACEK organisms are notoriously difficult to grow on culture, which highlights the diagnostic importance of eubacterial PCR.
Topics: Adult; Aggregatibacter aphrophilus; Humans; Liver Abscess; Lung Abscess; Male; Pasteurellaceae Infections
PubMed: 33536074
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-020-02650-z -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2022The Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans JP2 genotype is associated with high leukotoxin production and severe (aggressive) periodontitis. The aim of this study was to...
The Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans JP2 genotype is associated with high leukotoxin production and severe (aggressive) periodontitis. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial susceptibility of JP2 and non-JP2 genotype strains. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 11 antimicrobials were determined for 160 A. actinomycetemcomitans of serotype a, b, or c, mostly isolated in Sweden or Ghana. MIC distributions for benzylpenicillin and fusidic acid revealed a more susceptible subpopulation for 38 serotype b strains, including the 32 of the JP2 genotype, with a benzylpenicillin MIC range of 0.125−0.5 mg/L. In contrast, benzylpenicillin MIC ≤ 16 mg/L was the estimated 99.5% epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) of all strains. Beta-lactamase production was not detected. The fusidic acid MIC distribution of 11 strains of Aggregatibacter aphrophilus agreed with that found in non-JP2 strains. Cefotaxime, meropenem, levofloxacin, and trimethoprim−sulfamethoxazole MICs were all ≤0.25 mg/L, while MIC90 values for amoxicillin, azithromycin and tetracycline were 1 mg/L. Metronidazole MICs varied between 0.5 and >256 mg/L. The discrepant findings indicate that A. actinomycetemcomitans may be divided into two separate wild types, with a suggested intrinsic reduced susceptibility for benzylpenicillin in the majority of non-JP2 genotype strains. Possible implications for the treatment of A. actinomycetemcomitans infections are discussed.
PubMed: 35326780
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030317