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Comparative Biochemistry and... Apr 2021Antibiotics are widely used drugs in human and veterinary health as well as in the food industry. The majority of these compounds are, however, excreted unchanged and...
Antibiotics are widely used drugs in human and veterinary health as well as in the food industry. The majority of these compounds are, however, excreted unchanged and found as contaminants in water bodies. Although the toxicity of these drugs was previously studied in aquatic organisms, the behavioral effects of these pollutants have not been fully explored. Here we exposed adult zebrafish to environmentally relevant concentrations of different classes of antibiotics (Chlortetracycline, Ciprofloxacin, and Ceftazidime) and assessed zebrafish exploratory, cognitive, aggressive, and social behaviors. Ciprofloxacin, Chlortetracycline, and Ceftazidime exposure induced hyperlocomotion, which was characterized by an increase in the distance traveled in zebrafish. These antibiotics promoted cognitive decline and exacerbated aggressive behavior. In summary, this study shows that antibiotic contamination may impact zebrafish behavior in a short-time manner.
Topics: Aggression; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Behavior, Animal; Female; Male; Social Behavior; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Zebrafish
PubMed: 33160041
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108936 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Feb 2023Trauma-related disorders are debilitating psychiatric conditions that affect people who have directly or indirectly witnessed adversities. Experiencing multiple types of... (Review)
Review
Trauma-related disorders are debilitating psychiatric conditions that affect people who have directly or indirectly witnessed adversities. Experiencing multiple types of traumas appears to be common during childhood, and even more so during adolescence. Dramatic brain/body transformations occurring during adolescence may provide a highly responsive substrate to external stimuli and lead to trauma-related vulnerability conditions, such as internalizing (anxiety, depression, anhedonia, withdrawal) and externalizing (aggression, delinquency, conduct disorders) problems. Analyzing relations among neuronal, endocrine, immune, and biochemical signatures of trauma and internalizing and externalizing behaviors, including the role of personality traits in shaping these conducts, this review highlights that the marked effects of traumatic experience on the brain/body involve changes at nearly every level of analysis, from brain structure, function and connectivity to endocrine and immune systems, from gene expression (including in the gut) to the development of personality.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Anxiety; Aggression; Anxiety Disorders; Conduct Disorder; Antisocial Personality Disorder
PubMed: 36610696
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105033 -
Journal of the American Association For... Sep 2021The Syrian hamster () is a solitary and naturally territorial animal, with female hamsters being more aggressive than males. This behavior makes handling difficult...
The Syrian hamster () is a solitary and naturally territorial animal, with female hamsters being more aggressive than males. This behavior makes handling difficult because they are usually housed in groups, which can lead to aggressive behavior. The objective of this study was to refine the management of Syrian hamsters in order to minimize aggressiveness, reduce the animal injuries, and lessen the risk of accidents among laboratory animal technicians due to the hamster aggression during handling. The experiment was conducted at the Center for Animals Experimentation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute. Four groups of hamsters were observed by video recording: group 1 (group-housed males, 6 to 8 wk of age), group 2 (group-housed females 6 to 8 wk of age), group 3 (group-housed female, 3 to 4 wk of age), and group 4 (individually housed females, 6 to 8 wk of age). Group 1 animals were less aggressive and agitated both during housing and during handling by the animal technician as compared with groups 2 and 3. Groups 2 and 3 showed greater agitation and aggression. Marked reduction in the level of aggressiveness and agitation was observed in group 4 as compared with all other groups evaluated during handling by the animal technician. Male hamsters housed in groups of 4 and females housed individually have reduced risks of accident during handling, thereby averting distress and consequent physiologic alterations. Avoiding these risks is essential to obtaining reliable experimental results.
Topics: Aggression; Animals; Cricetinae; Female; Housing; Male; Mesocricetus; Territoriality
PubMed: 34301345
DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-21-000020 -
BMC Pediatrics Nov 2022To examine whether the levels of aggressive behaviors and other individual and contextual variables differ between left-behind adolescents (LBA) and not left-behind...
BACKGROUND
To examine whether the levels of aggressive behaviors and other individual and contextual variables differ between left-behind adolescents (LBA) and not left-behind adolescents (NLBA) and explore associations between aggression and other constructs among them.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted and 4530 school adolescents aged 9-18 years in north and south of China were randomly selected. The levels of aggressive behavior, personality and family and classroom environment were compared between LBA and NLBA and also the associated factors of aggression.
RESULTS
The total scores of aggressive behaviors were 6.33 ± 6.35 (Mean ± SD) in LBA and 5.78 ± 6.16 (Mean ± SD) in NLBA. Multiple linear regression models revealed that neuroticism and psychoticism were positively associated with aggressive behaviors for LBA with similar results of NLBA. Cohesion was negatively associated with aggressive behaviors, and conflict and achievement had positive effects in NLBA. Organization had a negative effect in LBA. Uncertainty and dissatisfaction had positive effects on aggression both in LBA and NLBA.
CONCLUSION
This study found a slightly higher level of aggressive behaviors in LBA comparing with NLBA. Personality was the mainly associated factor of aggression, but class-based interventions were more practical for aggressive behaviors in Chinese LBA.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Aggression; Asian People; Personality; China
PubMed: 36419051
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03736-x -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2022Being different multifactorial forms of psychopathology, aggression, depression and suicidal behavior, which is considered to be violent aggression directed against the... (Review)
Review
Being different multifactorial forms of psychopathology, aggression, depression and suicidal behavior, which is considered to be violent aggression directed against the self, have principal neurobiological links: preclinical and clinical evidence associates depression, aggression and suicidal behavior with dysregulation in central serotonergic (5-HT) neurotransmission. The implication of different types of 5-HT receptors in the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of aggression, depression and suicidality has been well recognized. In this review, we consider and compare the orchestra of 5-HT receptors involved in these severe psychopathologies. Specifically, it concentrates on the role of 5-HT, 5-HT, 5-HT, 5-HT, 5-HT, 5-HT and 5-HT receptors in the mechanisms underlying the predisposition to aggression, depression and suicidal behavior. The review provides converging lines of evidence that: (1) depression-related 5-HT receptors include those receptors with pro-depressive properties (5-HT, 5-HT and 5-HT) as well as those providing an antidepressant effect (5-HT, 5-HT, 5-HT subtypes). (2) Aggression-related 5-HT receptors are identical to depression-related 5-HT receptors with the exception of 5-HT receptors. Activation of 5-HT, 5-HT 5-HT, 5-HT receptors attenuate aggressiveness, whereas agonists of 5-HT intensify aggressive behavior.
Topics: Aggression; Depression; Humans; Receptors, Serotonin; Serotonin; Suicide
PubMed: 35955946
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158814 -
Journal of Fish Biology May 2021Fishes show remarkably diverse aggressive behaviour. Aggression is expressed to secure resources; adjusting aggression levels according to context is key to avoid... (Review)
Review
Fishes show remarkably diverse aggressive behaviour. Aggression is expressed to secure resources; adjusting aggression levels according to context is key to avoid negative consequences for fitness and survival. Nonetheless, despite its importance, the physiological basis of aggression in fishes is still poorly understood. Several reports suggest hormonal modulation of aggression, particularly by androgens, but contradictory studies have been published. Studies exploring the role of chemical communication in aggressive behaviour are also scant, and the pheromones involved remain to be unequivocally characterized. This is surprising as chemical communication is the most ancient form of information exchange and plays a variety of other roles in fishes. Furthermore, the study of chemical communication and aggression is relevant at the evolutionary, ecological and economic levels. A few pioneering studies support the hypothesis that aggressive behaviour, at least in some teleosts, is modulated by "dominance pheromones" that reflect the social status of the sender, but there is little information on the identity of the compounds involved. This review aims to provide a global view of aggressive behaviour in fishes and its underlying physiological mechanisms including the involvement of chemical communication, and discusses the potential use of dominance pheromones to improve fish welfare. Methodological considerations and future research directions are also outlined.
Topics: Aggression; Androgens; Animal Communication; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biological Evolution; Fishes; Hormones; Pheromones
PubMed: 33410154
DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14667 -
Medicine Sep 2023Anger and aggression are common sources of distress and impairment. There is, however, no available data on anger and aggression based on bibliometric analysis. This...
Anger and aggression are common sources of distress and impairment. There is, however, no available data on anger and aggression based on bibliometric analysis. This study uses bibliometric analysis to analyze research hotspots and trends in anger and aggression. Publications on anger and aggression within the last ten years were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. Using descriptive bibliometrics, journals, countries, institutions, authors, references, and keywords in anger and aggression research were visually analyzed via CiteSpace. A total of 3114 articles were included, and studies on anger and aggression increased yearly. The publications are mainly from 106 countries led by the USA and 381 institutions led by Univ Penn. We identified 505 authors, where Emil F. Coccaro had the highest number of articles, while Buss A.H. was the most frequently co-cited author. AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR is the journal that bore most of the studies, while PLOS ONE was the most cited journal. Our analysis demonstrated that research on anger and aggression is flourishing. Behaviors of anger and aggression, risk factors, neural mechanisms, personality, and adolescence have been researched hotspots in the past ten years. Besides, victimization, drosophila melanogaster, psychopathic traits, and perpetration are emerging anger and aggression research trends.
Topics: Animals; Drosophila melanogaster; Aggression; Anger; Bullying; Bibliometrics
PubMed: 37682125
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035132 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2022Harsh parenting and its effect on children's aggressive behavior has received attention from researchers, however few studies have considered the role of the emotional...
Harsh parenting and its effect on children's aggressive behavior has received attention from researchers, however few studies have considered the role of the emotional process. This study aims to examine the relationship between harsh parenting, children's aggressive behavior, normative beliefs about aggression, and regulatory emotional self-efficacy, alongside their mechanism of interplay. A sample of 235 senior primary school students in Beijing were recruited as participants by using the Harsh Parenting Scale, the Normative Beliefs about Aggression Scale, the Buss-Warren Aggression Questionnaire, and the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale. Results indicated that: (1) Harsh parenting had a significant positive predictive effect on children's aggressive behavior after controlling gender; (2) normative beliefs about the aggression of children mediated the relationship between harsh parenting and children's aggressive behavior; and (3) regulatory emotional self-efficacy had moderating effects both the mediation model of normative beliefs about the aggression of children and in the direct predictive model of harsh parenting on children's aggressive behavior. The results are not only helpful to understand the relationship between harsh parenting and children's aggressive behavior from the perspective of an integrated model of emotion processes and cognition, but also provide a new practical way to prevent and intervene in children's aggressive behavior in the future.
Topics: Aggression; Beijing; Child; Emotions; Humans; Parenting; Students
PubMed: 35206591
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042403 -
Trends in Neurosciences Jan 2022Social interactions are essential for mammalian life and are regulated by evolutionary conserved neuronal mechanisms. An individual's internal state, experiences, and... (Review)
Review
Social interactions are essential for mammalian life and are regulated by evolutionary conserved neuronal mechanisms. An individual's internal state, experiences, and the nature of the social stimulus are critical for determining apt responses to social situations. The lateral septum (LS) - a structure of the basal forebrain - integrates abundant cortical and subcortical inputs, and projects to multiple downstream regions to generate appropriate behavioral responses. Although incoming cognitive information is indispensable for contextualizing a social stimulus, neuromodulatory information related to the internal state of the organism significantly influences the behavioral outcome as well. This review article provides an overview of the neuroanatomical properties of the LS, and examines its neurochemical (neuropeptidergic and hormonal) signaling, which provide the neuromodulatory information essential for fine-tuning social behavior across the lifespan.
Topics: Aggression; Animals; Humans; Mammals; Neurobiology; Neurons; Social Behavior
PubMed: 34810019
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.10.010 -
Emotion (Washington, D.C.) Apr 2021Aggression is an affect-laden behavior. The within-person variability of affective states that immediately precede, accompany, and follow aggression-and their links to...
Aggression is an affect-laden behavior. The within-person variability of affective states that immediately precede, accompany, and follow aggression-and their links to between-person variability in aggressive behavior and traits-remain incompletely understood. To address this gap in our understanding, we examined 8 studies in which 2,173 participants reported the negative and positive affect they experienced before, during, and after a laboratory or online aggression task. We quantified the within-person variability within and across negative and positive affect intensity, as well as the variability in oscillations between negative and positive affect Internal meta-analyses revealed an association between aggressive behavior and traits and flux in positive affect (against our preregistered predictions). Probing this effect with piecewise growth models showed that less aggressive individuals exhibited a pronounced decrease in positive affect during aggression, as compared to before and after the act. This downward fluctuation in positive affect was attenuated among aggressive individuals, who exhibited relatively stable levels of positive aggression-related affect. Thus, stable positive affect surrounding an aggressive act and higher positive affect during the act may buttress and promote aggressive tendencies. These findings support a reinforcement model of aggressive behavior, contrast with the aggression literature's conventional focus on negative affect and the instability thereof, and point to the utility of dynamic measures of moment-to-moment affect in understanding human social behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aggression; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Social Behavior; Young Adult
PubMed: 32191100
DOI: 10.1037/emo0000730