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Scientific Reports Sep 2021Imidazole has anti-inflammatory, antituberculotic, antimicrobial, antimycotic, antiviral, and antitumor properties in the human body, to name a few. Metronidazole...
Imidazole has anti-inflammatory, antituberculotic, antimicrobial, antimycotic, antiviral, and antitumor properties in the human body, to name a few. Metronidazole [1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole] is a widely used antiprotozoan and antibacterial medication. Using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the current study models the antibacterial activity of already synthesised Metronidazole (MTZ) complexes ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) against E. coli, B. bronceptica, S. epidermidis, B. pumilus and S. aureus. To characterise the Metronidazole complexes for antibacterial activity against 05 microbes, the least angular regression and least absolute shrinkage selection operators were used. Asymmetric Least Squares was used to correct the spectrum baseline. Least angular regression outperforms cross-validated root mean square error in the fitted models. Using Least angular regression, influential wavelengths that explain the variation in antibacterial activity of Metronidazole complexes were identified and mapped against functional groups.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus pumilus; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Escherichia coli; Metronidazole; Models, Chemical; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis
PubMed: 34588489
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97897-x -
The Journal of International Medical... Feb 2022To analyse macrolide resistance and molecular characteristics of clinical isolates from western China, and to explore the relationship between macrolide-resistance and...
OBJECTIVE
To analyse macrolide resistance and molecular characteristics of clinical isolates from western China, and to explore the relationship between macrolide-resistance and genotypes.
METHODS
Susceptibilities of clinical isolates to erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin were determined by epsilometer test (E-test). Isolated strains were sequenced to ascertain the presence of the 23S rRNA gene A2047G mutation. Strains were typed using multilocus antigen sequence typing, multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
RESULTS
Of 58 strains isolated in this study, 46 were macrolide-resistant and 12 were macrolide sensitive. All macrolide-resistant strains carried the A2047G mutation and were the //// genotype; the MLVA types were MT195 (19/58), MT55 (13/58) and MT104 (14/58), and the PFGE profiles were classified into BpSR23 (17/58) and BpFINR9 (29/58) types. None of the macrolide-sensitive strains carried the A2047G mutation; genotypes were ( or )////, and all were MT27. PFGE profiles differed from the macrolide-resistant strains.
CONCLUSIONS
clinical isolates from western China were severely resistant to macrolides. Genotypes differed between macrolide-resistant and macrolide-sensitive strains, and there may be a correlation between acquisition of macrolide resistance and changes in specific molecular types.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bordetella pertussis; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Genotype; Humans; Macrolides; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 35225710
DOI: 10.1177/03000605221078782 -
BMC Neurology Mar 2022Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders which main cause is not identified yet. Some studies mentioned the possible role of infectious...
BACKGROUND
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders which main cause is not identified yet. Some studies mentioned the possible role of infectious agents such as chlamydia pneumonia, mycoplasma and also, B. pertussis via asymptomatic nasopharyngeal colonization. The current study aimed to investigate and compared the serum level of B. pertussis antibody and the rate of nasopharyngeal colonization by this pathogen in subjects with and without MS.
METHODS
In this case-control study, 109 patients with MS and 114 subjects without MS referred to Sina Hospital in Hamadan in 2019 are studied and compared in terms of serum titer of B. pertussis antibody and nasopharyngeal colonization by this bacterium. Colonization was evaluated using culture and real-time PCR techniques. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 with a 95% confidence interval.
RESULTS
The serum titer of B. pertussis antibody in case and control groups was 37.8 and 35.1%, respectively (P = 0.74). Culture and real-time PCR techniques revealed no case of nasopharyngeal colonization by B. pertussis.
CONCLUSION
There was no difference between B. pertussis antibody titer and the rate of nasopharyngeal colonization between both MS patients and the healthy control group. Therefore, it seems that probably B. pertussis has not a role in MS development.
Topics: Bordetella pertussis; Case-Control Studies; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Nasopharynx; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 35232387
DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02606-4 -
Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Feb 2022To compare the genotypes of isolated from infants in Xi'an and Shanghai.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the genotypes of isolated from infants in Xi'an and Shanghai.
METHODS
Samples were collected by nasopharyngeal swab from infants aged <1 year hospitalized with suspected pertussis in Xi'an and Shanghai during 2018 and 2019. was isolated, and multilocus antigen sequence typing (MAST) and multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) were used to analyse the genotypes.
RESULTS
A total of 1200 samples were collected from infants suspected of pertussis and 60 strains of were isolated, including 34 strains in Xi'an and 26 strains in Shanghai. There were significant differences in the MAST types between Xi'an and Shanghai ( =18.642, <0.01); the / / / / strains dominated in Xi'an (32/34, 94.12%), while the dominated MAST types in Shanghai were / / / / (13/26, 50.00%) and / / / / (11/26, 42.31%). The composition of MLVA type of pertussis strains was also significantly different between Xi'an and Shanghai ( =15.866, <0.01); the MT195 (13/34, 38.24%), MT55 (10/34, 29.41%) and MT104 (9/34, 26.47%) strains dominated in Xi'an, while the MT27 (12/26, 46.15%) strain was most common in Shanghai.
CONCLUSION
There are differences in molecular types of isolated from infants with suspected persussis in Xi'an and Shanghai, indicating that further monitoring of is necessary for better understanding the pathogen evolution in China.
Topics: Bordetella pertussis; Carcinoma, Papillary; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; China; Genotype; Humans; Infant; Thyroid Neoplasms; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 35462464
DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0282 -
International Journal of Infectious... Oct 2019Pertussis is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. Infants and young children are particularly at risk of severe and life-threatening... (Review)
Review
Pertussis is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. Infants and young children are particularly at risk of severe and life-threatening disease. Infectious older individuals may transmit Bordetella pertussis to unprotected infants. Pertussis control measures have even failed in some countries with high pertussis vaccination coverage rates, leading to increased incidence rates. In 2014, this caused the World Health Organization to declare pertussis resurgent in some countries and led to recommendations regarding pertussis surveillance and national immunization programs. Despite the resurgence of pertussis, epidemiology of the disease in Southeast Asia has received little attention. In this narrative review, we describe pertussis surveillance systems, control measures, epidemiologic trends, and region-specific pertussis research in Southeast Asia. We also make recommendations for the intensification of pertussis surveillance and research in the region.
Topics: Asia, Southeastern; Bordetella pertussis; Humans; Immunization Programs; Pertussis Vaccine; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 31369823
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.07.016 -
International Journal of Infectious... Mar 2023To reveal the clinical and molecular characteristics of Bordetella pertussis (BP) prevalent in Shanghai, China.
OBJECTIVES
To reveal the clinical and molecular characteristics of Bordetella pertussis (BP) prevalent in Shanghai, China.
METHODS
A total of 9430 children with suspected pertussis from 2021 to 2022 were included, and nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected for polymerase chain reaction detection, culture, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and 23S rRNA gene A2047G detection. BP strains were typed using multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis and virulence genotyping.
RESULTS
Of 9430 cases, 5.1% and 1.6% were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and culture, respectively. Infants (aged <1 year) accounted for 24.7% and presented much more severe symptoms than noninfants. Pertussis was most frequently detected in infants aged 0-6 months (11.3∼14.0%) and children aged >6-10 years (10.8∼21.7%). Macrolide-resistant BP (MRBP) accounted for 89.3%, and all carried the A2047G mutation. There were six multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis types (MTs), including MT28 (62.0%), MT195 (20%), MT27 (10.0%), MT104 (4.7%), MT55 (2.7%), and MT32 (0.7%). BP strains with pertussis toxin (ptx)P3/(pertactin) prn2/ptxC2/ptxA1/(fimbrial proteins) fim2-1/fim3-1, including MT27, MT28, and MT32, accounted for 72.7%, among which MT27 and MT32 were macrolide-sensitive BP, whereas most (94.6∼100%) of MT28 were MRBP. Strains harboring ptxP1/prn1/ptxC1/ptxA1/fim2-1/fim3-1, including MT55, MT104, and MT195, belonged to macrolide-sensitive BP.
CONCLUSION
The emergence and spread of MT28 ptxP3-MRBP was first reported in China, highlighting the importance of continuous surveillance of ptxP3-MRBP to prevent its potential circulation.
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant; Alleles; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bordetella pertussis; China; Genotype; Macrolides; Whooping Cough; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 36632892
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.01.005 -
PLoS Pathogens Feb 2023Traditionally, whooping cough or pertussis caused by the obligate human pathogen Bordetella pertussis (Bp) is described as an acute disease with severe symptoms....
Traditionally, whooping cough or pertussis caused by the obligate human pathogen Bordetella pertussis (Bp) is described as an acute disease with severe symptoms. However, many individuals who contract pertussis are either asymptomatic or show very mild symptoms and yet can serve as carriers and sources of bacterial transmission. Biofilms are an important survival mechanism for bacteria in human infections and disease. However, bacterial determinants that drive biofilm formation in humans are ill-defined. In the current study, we show that Bp infection of well-differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells leads to formation of bacterial aggregates, clusters, and highly structured biofilms which are colocalized with cilia. These findings mimic observations from pathological analyses of tissues from pertussis patients. Distinct arrangements (mono-, bi-, and tri-partite) of the polysaccharide Bps, extracellular DNA, and bacterial cells were visualized, suggesting complex heterogeneity in bacteria-matrix interactions. Analyses of mutant biofilms revealed positive roles in matrix production, cell cluster formation, and biofilm maturity for three critical Bp virulence factors: Bps, filamentous hemagglutinin, and adenylate cyclase toxin. Adherence assays identified Bps as a new Bp adhesin for primary human airway cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate the multi-factorial nature of the biofilm extracellular matrix and biofilm development process under conditions mimicking the human respiratory tract and highlight the importance of model systems resembling the natural host environment to investigate pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Humans; Bordetella pertussis; Whooping Cough; Biofilms; Epithelium; Respiratory System
PubMed: 36821596
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011193 -
BMC Pediatrics Jul 2019The diagnosis of pertussis in clinical practice continues to be a challenge worldwide as the symptoms are variable. We aimed to determine the prevalence of pertussis in...
BACKGROUND
The diagnosis of pertussis in clinical practice continues to be a challenge worldwide as the symptoms are variable. We aimed to determine the prevalence of pertussis in Chinese children irrespective of cough duration and explore the clinical characteristics of children with pertussis with different cough durations.
METHODS
This was a prospective study of children 1 month to 11 years of age with different cough durations in one large Chinese hospital. Bilateral deep posterior nasopharyngeal swabs and venepuncture for full blood count, CRP and serology and sputum were obtained when possible for investigation. E-test strips were used for testing the susceptibility of the B.pertussis isolates against erythromycin, azithromycin, sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, levofloxacin, amoxicillin and doxycycline. Demographic, clinical and laboratory information on culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was collected from children, and analyzed using SAS v.10 (SAS Institute Inc., USA).
RESULTS
After exclusions we analyzed 312 children. Ninety-seven (31.1%) children had laboratory evidence of pertussis. When grouped by cough duration, few characteristics were significant between children with and without pertussis. Of the 36 isolates, 72.2% (26/36)could not be inhibited by erythromycin and azithromycin at all. The MIC50 and MIC90 to amoxicillin were 0.75 mg/L and 1 mg/L respectively, sensitive to amoxicillin by the EUCAST points.
CONCLUSIONS
The "one-size-fits-all" clinical pertussis case definition is no longer optimal to recognize this disease. A large comprehensive study of children with all types of cough is required to make substantial inroads into increasing both the sensitivity and specificity in pertussis diagnosis, which will have a beneficial impact on public health. Amoxicillin maybe an alternative for children with marolide-resistant B.pertussis infection; however, local sensitivities are required to inform clinical practice.
Topics: Antibodies, Bacterial; Blood Cell Count; Bordetella pertussis; C-Reactive Protein; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Cough; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nasopharynx; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sputum; Time Factors; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 31299934
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1615-3 -
Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Europeen... Apr 2024We report a record high pertussis epidemic in Denmark since August 2023. Highest incidence was in adolescents, while peak incidence in infants was lower vs previous...
We report a record high pertussis epidemic in Denmark since August 2023. Highest incidence was in adolescents, while peak incidence in infants was lower vs previous epidemics in 2019 and 2016. Among infants aged 0-2 months, over half (29/48) were hospitalised and one infant died, underlining the disease severity in the youngest. To protect infants, pertussis vaccination in pregnant women was introduced in January 2024 in the national vaccination programme. Improved vaccination surveillance in pregnant women is being implemented.
Topics: Infant; Adolescent; Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Whooping Cough; Bordetella pertussis; Vaccination; Pregnant Women; Incidence; Denmark; Pertussis Vaccine
PubMed: 38577803
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.14.2400160 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2019Well-adapted pathogens have evolved to survive the many challenges of a robust immune response. Defending against all host antimicrobials simultaneously would be... (Review)
Review
Well-adapted pathogens have evolved to survive the many challenges of a robust immune response. Defending against all host antimicrobials simultaneously would be exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, so many co-evolved organisms utilize immunomodulatory tools to subvert, distract, and/or evade the host immune response. spp. present many examples of the diversity of immunomodulators and an exceptional experimental system in which to study them. Recent advances in this experimental system suggest strategies for interventions that tweak immunity to disrupt bacterial immunomodulation, engaging more effective host immunity to better prevent and treat infections. Here we review advances in the understanding of respiratory pathogens, with special focus on spp., and prospects for the use of immune-stimulatory interventions in the prevention and treatment of infection.
Topics: Bordetella; Bordetella Infections; Humans
PubMed: 31921136
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02869