-
Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and... 2023Diabetes is a non-contagious disease, but it can cause various complications. One of the most common complications of diabetes is diabetic ulcers. Diabetic ulcers are...
INTRODUCTION
Diabetes is a non-contagious disease, but it can cause various complications. One of the most common complications of diabetes is diabetic ulcers. Diabetic ulcers are infections that occur in the legs of diabetics due to the destruction of the deepest skin tissue. Recent studies have reported the presence of Alcaligenes faecalis with extensive drug resistance (XDR) properties as a cause of diabetic ulcers. Bacteriophages are known to have the ability to infect bacteria specifically so that they can be used as an alternative solution for treating diabetic ulcers. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of bacteriophages capable of infecting Alcaligenes faecalis bacteria.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The method used is the spot test method, host range, and identification of nucleic acid types.
RESULTS
The results showed that the 6 bacteriophages isolated, namely AFaV1, AFaV2, AFaV3, AFaV4, AFaV5, and AFaV6, had cloudy plaques with a diameter of ±3 mm. AFaV1, AFaV2, and AFaV4 isolates could infect all bacteria used; they were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Meanwhile, bacteriophage isolates AFaV3, AFaV5, and AFaV6 could infect Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria only. The nucleic acid types of the 6 bacteriophage samples were dsDNA with band length > 1 Kb.
CONCLUSIONS
The 6 isolates that were isolated had the ability to infect by forming a prophage that could inhibit the growth of Alcaligenes faecalis and other pathogenic bacteria in diabetic ulcers.
Topics: Humans; Alcaligenes faecalis; Bacteriophages; Ulcer; Bacterial Infections; Diabetes Complications; Nucleic Acids; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37728456
DOI: 10.5114/pedm.2023.125363 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2021The present study was aimed to evaluate the suitability of agro-wastes and crude vegetable oils for the cost-effective production of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), to...
The present study was aimed to evaluate the suitability of agro-wastes and crude vegetable oils for the cost-effective production of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), to evaluate growth kinetics and PHB production in RZS4 and sp. RZS1 with these carbon substrates and to study the biodegradation of PHB accumulated by these cultures. RZS4 and sp. RZS1 accumulates higher amounts of PHB corn (79.90% of dry cell mass) and rice straw (66.22% of dry cell mass) medium respectively. The kinetic model suggests that the sp. RZS1 follows the Monod model more closely than RZS4. Both the cultures degrade their PHB extract under the influence of PHB depolymerase. Corn waste and rice straw appear as the best and cost-effective substrates for the sustainable production of PHB from RZS4 and sp. RZS1. The biopolymer accumulated by these organisms is biodegradable in nature. The agro-wastes and crude vegetable oils are good and low-cost sources of nutrients for the growth and production of PHB and other metabolites. Their use would lower the production cost of PHB and the low-cost production will reduce the sailing price of PHB-based products. This would promote the large-scale commercialization and popularization of PHB as an ecofriendly bioplastic/biopolymer.
Topics: Agriculture; Alcaligenes; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biomass; Biopolymers; Fermentation; Kinetics; Plastics; Pseudomonas; Spectrum Analysis; Waste Products
PubMed: 33922162
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092443 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2021A pot experiment was designed and performed in a completely randomized block design (CRBD) to determine the main effect of two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria...
A pot experiment was designed and performed in a completely randomized block design (CRBD) to determine the main effect of two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and their co-inoculation on growth criteria and physio-biochemical attributes of canola plants ( L.) plant grown in saline soil. The results showed that inoculation with two PGPR ( and/or ) energized the growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments of stressed plants. Moreover, soluble sugars' and proteins' contents were boosted due to the treatments mentioned above. Proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (HO) contents were markedly declined. At the same time, antioxidant enzymes, viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD), were augmented due to the inoculation with and/or . Regarding minerals' uptake, there was a decline in sodium (Na) and an increase in nitrogen (N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) uptake due to the application of either individual or co-inoculation with the mentioned bacterial isolates. This study showed that co-inoculation with and was the most effective treatment and could be considered a premium tool used in facing environmental problems, especially saline soils.
PubMed: 33430173
DOI: 10.3390/plants10010110 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021spp., including , is a gram-negative facultative bacterium uniquely residing inside the Peyer's patches. We previously showed that -derived lipopolysaccharides ( LPS)...
spp., including , is a gram-negative facultative bacterium uniquely residing inside the Peyer's patches. We previously showed that -derived lipopolysaccharides ( LPS) acts as a weak agonist of toll-like receptor 4 to activate dendritic cells and shows adjuvant activity by enhancing IgG and Th17 responses to systemic vaccination. Here, we examined the efficacy of LPS as a nasal vaccine adjuvant. Nasal immunization with ovalbumin (OVA) plus LPS induced follicular T helper cells and germinal center formation in the nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and cervical lymph nodes (CLNs), and consequently enhanced OVA-specific IgA and IgG responses in the respiratory tract and serum. In addition, nasal immunization with OVA plus LPS induced OVA-specific T cells producing IL-17 and/or IL-10, whereas nasal immunization with OVA plus cholera toxin (CT) induced OVA-specific T cells producing IFN-γ and IL-17, which are recognized as pathogenic type of Th17 cells. In addition, CT, but not LPS, promoted the production of TNF-α and IL-5 by T cells. Nasal immunization with OVA plus CT, but not LPS, led to increased numbers of neutrophils and eosinophils in the nasal cavity. Together, these findings indicate that the benign nature of LPS is an effective nasal vaccine adjuvant that induces antigen-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses without activation of inflammatory cascade after nasal administration.
Topics: Adjuvants, Vaccine; Administration, Intranasal; Alcaligenes faecalis; Animals; Female; Immunoglobulin A; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovalbumin; Th17 Cells
PubMed: 34276692
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699349 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... May 2023Carbapenemase-producing makes a great contribution to carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacilli. Bla gene was first discovered by us in Alcaligenes faecalis AN70...
BACKGROUND
Carbapenemase-producing makes a great contribution to carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacilli. Bla gene was first discovered by us in Alcaligenes faecalis AN70 strain isolated in Guangzhou of China and, was submitted to NCBI on 16 November 2018.
METHODS
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution assay using BD Phoenix 100. The phylogenetic tree of AFM and other B1 metallo-β-lactamases was visualized by MEGA7.0. Whole-genome sequencing technology was used to sequence carbapenem-resistant strains including the bla gene. Cloning and expressing of bla were designed to verify the function of AFM-1 to hydrolyze carbapenems and common β-lactamase substrates. Carba NP and Etest experiments were conducted to evaluate the activity of carbapenemase. Homology modeling was applied to predict the spatial structure of AFM-1. A conjugation assay was performed to test the ability of horizontal transfer of AFM-1 enzyme. The genetic context of bla was performed by Blast alignment.
RESULTS
Alcaligenes faecalis strain AN70, Comamonas testosteroni strain NFYY023, Bordetella trematum strain E202, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain NCTC10498 were identified as carrying the bla gene. All of these four strains were carbapenem-resistant strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AFM-1 shares little nucleotide and amino acid identity with other class B carbapenemases (the highest identity (86%) with NDM-1 at the amino acid sequence level). The spatial structure of the AFM-1 enzyme was predicted to be αβ/βα sandwich structure, with two zinc atoms at its active site structure. Cloning and expressing of bla verified AFM-1 could hydrolyze carbapenems and common β-lactamase substrates. Carba NP test presented that the AFM-1 enzyme possesses carbapenemase activity. The successful transfer of pAN70-1(plasmid of AN70) to E.coli J53 suggested that the bla gene could be disseminated by the plasmid. The genetic context of bla indicated that the downstream of the bla gene was always adjacent to trpF and ble. Comparative genome analysis revealed that bla appeared to have been mobilized by an ISCR27-related mediated event.
CONCLUSIONS
The bla gene is derived from chromosome and plasmid, and the bla gene derived from the pAN70-1 plasmid can transfer carbapenem resistance to susceptible strains through horizontal transfer. Several bla-positive species have been isolated from feces in Guangzhou, China.
Topics: Humans; Carbapenems; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Phylogeny; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Bacterial Proteins; beta-Lactamases; Plasmids; Escherichia coli; China
PubMed: 37198688
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00592-0 -
Vaccines Mar 2022This study involved therapeutic targets mining for the extremely drug-resistant bacterial species called , which is known to infect humans. The infections caused by this...
This study involved therapeutic targets mining for the extremely drug-resistant bacterial species called , which is known to infect humans. The infections caused by this species in different parts of the human body have been linked with a higher degree of resistance to several classes of antibiotics. Meanwhile, alternate therapeutic options are needed to treat these bacterial infections in clinical settings. In the current study, a subtractive proteomics approach was adapted to annotate the whole proteome of and prioritize target proteins for vaccine-related therapeutics design. This was followed by targeted protein-specific immune epitope prediction and prioritization. The shortlisted epitopes were further subjected to structural design and in silico validation of putative vaccines against . The final vaccine designs were also evaluated for potential interaction analysis with human TLR-2 through molecular docking. Finally, the putative vaccines were subjected to in silico cloning and immune simulation approaches to ensure the feasibility of the target-specific vaccine constructs in further experimental designs.
PubMed: 35335094
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030462 -
Indian Journal of Microbiology Dec 2022Degradation of nitriles by mixed biofilms of nitrile-hydrolyzing bacteria 2 and gt 1 grown on basalt and carbon carriers, in a submerged packed-bed reactor was...
UNLABELLED
Degradation of nitriles by mixed biofilms of nitrile-hydrolyzing bacteria 2 and gt 1 grown on basalt and carbon carriers, in a submerged packed-bed reactor was studied. It was shown the formation of a massive mixed biofilm of 2 and gt 1 and the effective removal of nitriles and products of their degradation from the reaction medium. After the accumulation of carboxylic acid and some of the unprocessed substrate, the system adapts to 600-1000 h of biofilter operation, which is expressed in a decrease in the content of substrate and reaction products in the medium. The rate of acetonitrile and acrylonitrile utilization was 0.072-0.086 and 0.039-0.215 g/h, respectively, and acrylonitrile utilization with maximum rate was realized by a mixed biofilm on carbon fibers. Biofilms grown on mixed fibers in a "sandwich"-type reactor had the best characteristics for the transformation of aceto- and acrylonitrile (removal capacity of 99.6-99.9%, nitrile utilization rate of 0.080-0.095 g/h). Biofilms grown on basalt fiber with a diameter of 4-12 μm are also well suited for the degradation of acetonitrile (removal capacity of 100%, nitrile utilization rate of 0.086 g/h). The results of metagenomic analysis showed the resistance of 2 and gt 1 mixed biofilms against leaching from a biofilter and to competitive growth in an open system, indicating the advantages of biofilms over homogeneous biomass for wastewater treatment from nitrile compounds. Biofilms of two species of nitrile hydrolyzing bacteria on basalt and carbon fibers effectively purify water from nitriles in a submerged packed-bed reactor.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-022-01030-z.
PubMed: 36458224
DOI: 10.1007/s12088-022-01030-z -
Research in Microbiology 2023Alcaligenes faecalis D334 was determined in this study as a salt-tolerant bacterium isolated from mangrove sediment. In response to 6% (w/v) NaCl, strain D334 produced...
Phenotypic and genomic characterization provide new insights into adaptation to environmental stressors and biotechnological relevance of mangrove Alcaligenes faecalis D334.
Alcaligenes faecalis D334 was determined in this study as a salt-tolerant bacterium isolated from mangrove sediment. In response to 6% (w/v) NaCl, strain D334 produced the highest ectoines of 14.14 wt%. To understand adaptive features to mangrove environment, strain D334 was sequenced using Pacific BioScience platform, resulting in a circular chromosome of 4.23 Mb. Of note, D334 genome harbored 81 salt-responsive genes, among which two membrane-associated genes ompc and eric were absent in 3 selected A. faecalis genomes. Apart from that, a complete pathway for ectoine and 5-hydroxyectoine synthesis was predicted. To resist 40 mM HO, 46 genetic determinants contributing to oxidative stress response were employed. Moreover, two operons involved in polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production were identified in the D334 genome, resulting in maximum PHA content of 5.03 ± 0.04 wt% and PHA concentration of 0.13 ± 0.001 g/L. A large flagellar biosynthesis operon contributing to swimming motility was found to be conserved in D334 and 8 other A. faecalis genomes. These findings shed light for the first time on the high versatility of A. faecalis D334 genome to adapt to mangrove lifestyle and the possibility to develop D334 as an industrial platform for PHA and 5-hydroxyectoine production.
Topics: Alcaligenes faecalis; Hydrogen Peroxide; Base Sequence; Adaptation, Physiological; Genomics
PubMed: 36240959
DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2022.103994 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Apr 2021Alcaligenes faecalis is the predominant Gram-negative bacterium inhabiting gut-associated lymphoid tissues, Peyer's patches. We previously reported that an A. faecalis...
Alcaligenes faecalis is the predominant Gram-negative bacterium inhabiting gut-associated lymphoid tissues, Peyer's patches. We previously reported that an A. faecalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) acted as a weak agonist for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2) receptor as well as a potent inducer of IgA without excessive inflammation, thus suggesting that A. faecalis LPS might be used as a safe adjuvant. In this study, we characterized the structure of both the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and LPS from A. faecalis. We synthesized three lipid A molecules with different degrees of acylation by an efficient route involving the simultaneous introduction of 1- and 4'-phosphates. Hexaacylated A. faecalis lipid A showed moderate agonistic activity towards TLR4-mediated signaling and the ability to elicit a discrete interleukin-6 release in human cell lines and mice. It was thus found to be the active principle of the LOS/LPS and a promising vaccine adjuvant candidate.
Topics: Alcaligenes faecalis; Animals; Carbohydrate Conformation; Cell Line; Humans; Interleukin-6; Lipid A; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Toll-Like Receptor 4
PubMed: 33522128
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012374 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Oct 2021The minocycline susceptibility of 3,856 isolates including , , , , and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from the SENTRY surveillance (2014 to 2019) were analyzed. The...
The minocycline susceptibility of 3,856 isolates including , , , , and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from the SENTRY surveillance (2014 to 2019) were analyzed. The susceptibilities of these species (%S) were spp. ( = 411; 92.6%), Burkholderia cepacia species complex ( = 199; 85.9%), spp. ( = 127; 99.2%), spp. ( = 59; 94.9%), Alcaligenes faecalis ( = 42; 88.1%), and S. maltophilia ( = 2,287; 99.5%). These data suggest that minocycline is a useful treatment option for infections caused by unusual Gram-negative pathogens.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Burkholderia cepacia complex; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
PubMed: 34491809
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01264-21