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Biomedicines May 2024Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) is associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), asthma, and...
BACKGROUND
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) is associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), asthma, and NSAID hypersensitivity. An overproduction of leukotrienes characterizes the pathomechanism of the disease. N-ERD patients often report breathing difficulties after consuming alcohol. These symptoms have been observed in patients receiving either aspirin therapy after desensitization (ATAD), therapy with the biologics dupilumab (anti-IL-4Ra antibody) and omalizumab (anti-IgE antibody), or intranasal corticosteroid treatment (INCS).
METHODS
This retrospective, real-world study assessed the severity of alcohol-related and non-alcohol-related respiratory symptoms in CRSwNP/N-ERD patients 3-6 months after ATAD, biologic (dupilumab or omalizumab), or INCS therapy. A total of 171 patients (98 women and 73 men) were enrolled in the study. All groups received standard INCS therapy. Sixty-three patients were treated with ATAD; 48 received biologics (dupilumab = 31; omalizumab = 17); and 60 received INCS only and served as a control group. Alcohol-dependent symptoms and typical CRS symptoms (alcohol-independent) were quantified using visual analog scales (VAS).
RESULTS
ATAD and biological therapy significantly reduced VAS scores for alcohol dependence and CRS symptoms. In the control group receiving INCS, only non-alcohol dependent CRS symptoms improved significantly ( < 0.05). The most significant differences in pre/post scores were observed in patients receiving dupilumab, with the most significant improvement in alcohol-dependent and CRS symptoms (dupilumab > omalizumab > ATAD).
CONCLUSIONS
This real-world study shows that alcohol-related respiratory symptoms are a relevant parameter in CRSwNP/N-ERD patients. Patients benefit more from biologic therapy than from ATAD in terms of their alcohol-related symptoms and other CRS symptoms. Future studies should include placebo-controlled oral alcohol challenge.
PubMed: 38790987
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051025 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Oct 2021Auto-brewery syndrome (ABS) is a rare, unstudied, unknown, and underreported phenomenon in modern medicine. Patients with this syndrome become inebriated and may suffer... (Review)
Review
Auto-brewery syndrome (ABS) is a rare, unstudied, unknown, and underreported phenomenon in modern medicine. Patients with this syndrome become inebriated and may suffer the medical and social implications of alcoholism, including arrest for inebriated driving. The pathophysiology of ABS is reportedly due to a fungal type dysbiosis of the gut that ferments some carbohydrates into ethanol and may mimic a food allergy or intolerance. This syndrome should be considered in patients with chronic obstruction or hypomotility presenting with elevated breath and blood alcohol concentrations, especially after a high carbohydrate intake. A glucose challenge test should be performed as the confirmatory test. Treatment typically includes antifungal drugs combined with changes in lifestyle and nutrition. Additional studies are particularly needed on the human microbiome to shed light on how imbalances of commensal bacteria in the gut allow yeast to colonize on a pathological level.
PubMed: 34682761
DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204637 -
Emotion (Washington, D.C.) Jun 2023Overreliance on disengagement emotion regulation strategies (e.g., emotion avoidance, emotion suppression) has been shown to relate to poor clinical outcomes. Two traits...
Overreliance on disengagement emotion regulation strategies (e.g., emotion avoidance, emotion suppression) has been shown to relate to poor clinical outcomes. Two traits characterized by difficulties in goal-directed responses to emotion-urgency and distress intolerance-may help explain who is likely to disengage from emotion and when. These traits are associated with diverse forms of psychopathology and greater reliance on disengagement strategies. Gaps remain about how these traits relate to emotion regulation in daily life. The present study uses ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to determine the associations of urgency and distress intolerance with momentary high arousal negative affect and momentary attempts to regulate negative emotions. Participants ( = 101) were college students who endorsed at least weekly behaviors often characterized by emotion dysregulation (e.g., self-harm, binging/purging, alcohol/drug use). Participants completed trait measures at baseline and EMA surveys of momentary affect and emotion regulation, six times daily for 4 days. Results indicated that at certain levels, urgency and distress intolerance moderated the relationship between high arousal negative affect and disengagement from emotion: low urgency scores related to relatively greater disengagement from emotion following reported high arousal negative affect, whereas high distress intolerance scores related to relatively greater disengagement following high arousal negative affect. Findings support the role of both urgency and distress intolerance in the relationship between high arousal negative affect and disengagement, which implicates the utility of clinical interventions that focus on emotion regulation, especially during high arousal states. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Humans; Emotional Regulation; Ecological Momentary Assessment; Emotions; Arousal; Students
PubMed: 36048037
DOI: 10.1037/emo0001152 -
Hepatology Communications Jun 2021Individuals exhibiting an intermediate alcohol drinking pattern in conjunction with signs of metabolic risk present clinical features of both alcohol-associated and...
Individuals exhibiting an intermediate alcohol drinking pattern in conjunction with signs of metabolic risk present clinical features of both alcohol-associated and metabolic-associated fatty liver diseases. However, such combination remains an unexplored area of great interest, given the increasing number of patients affected. In the present study, we aimed to develop a preclinical DUAL (alcohol-associated liver disease plus metabolic-associated fatty liver disease) model in mice. C57BL/6 mice received 10% vol/vol alcohol in sweetened drinking water in combination with a Western diet for 10, 23, and 52 weeks (DUAL model). Animals fed with DUAL diet elicited a significant increase in body mass index accompanied by a pronounced hypertrophy of adipocytes, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperglycemia. Significant liver damage was characterized by elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase levels, extensive hepatomegaly, hepatocyte enlargement, ballooning, steatosis, hepatic cell death, and compensatory proliferation. Notably, DUAL animals developed lobular inflammation and advanced hepatic fibrosis. Sequentially, bridging cirrhotic changes were frequently observed after 12 months. Bulk RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that dysregulated molecular pathways in DUAL mice were similar to those of patients with steatohepatitis. Our DUAL model is characterized by obesity, glucose intolerance, liver damage, prominent steatohepatitis and fibrosis, as well as inflammation and fibrosis in white adipose tissue. Altogether, the DUAL model mimics all histological, metabolic, and transcriptomic gene signatures of human advanced steatohepatitis, and therefore serves as a preclinical tool for the development of therapeutic targets.
PubMed: 34141989
DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1698 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Wound dressings for skin lesions, such as bedsores or pressure ulcers, are widely used for many patients, both during hospitalization and in subsequent treatment at...
Wound dressings for skin lesions, such as bedsores or pressure ulcers, are widely used for many patients, both during hospitalization and in subsequent treatment at home. To improve the treatment and shorten the healing time and, therefore, the cost, numerous types of wound dressings have been developed by manufacturers. Considering certain inconveniences related to the intolerance of some patients to antibiotics and the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and curative properties of certain essential oils, we conducted research by incorporating these oils, based on polyvinyl alcohol/ polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVA/PVP) biopolymers, into dressings. The objective of this study was to study the potential of a polymeric matrix for wound healing, with polyvinyl alcohol as the main material and polyvinyl pyrrolidone and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as secondary materials, together with additives (plasticizers poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and glycerol), stabilizers (Zn stearate), antioxidants (vitamin A and vitamin E), and four types of essential oils (fennel, peppermint, pine, and thyme essential oils). For all the studied samples, the combining compatibility, antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity properties were investigated. The obtained results demonstrated a uniform morphology for almost all the samples and adequate barrier properties for contact with suppurating wounds. The results show that the obtained samples containing essential oils have a good inhibitory effect on, or antimicrobial properties against, and The MTT assay showed that the tested samples were not toxic and did not lead to cell death. The results showed that the essential oils used provide an effective solution as active substances in wound dressings.
PubMed: 36234263
DOI: 10.3390/ma15196923 -
Current Psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) May 2023The current systematic review sought to identify quantitative empirical studies that focused on the transdiagnostic factors of intolerance of uncertainty, emotional...
The current systematic review sought to identify quantitative empirical studies that focused on the transdiagnostic factors of intolerance of uncertainty, emotional dysregulation and rumination, and their relation with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The overall research aim was to examine the relationship between these transdiagnostic factors and their relation with depression and PTSD symptoms. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Out of the 768 articles initially identified, 55 met the inclusion criteria for the current review. The results determined that intolerance of uncertainty is indirectly related to depression and PTSD symptoms, mainly through other factors including emotion dysregulation and rumination. Additionally, emotional dysregulation is a significant predictor of both depression and PTSD symptoms. Rumination is a robust factor related to depression and PTSD symptoms, this relationship was significant in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. This review provides evidence on the transdiagnostic factors of intolerance of uncertainty, emotional dysregulation and rumination in the relationship with depression and PTSD symptoms.
PubMed: 37359653
DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04792-x -
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric... Oct 2023The self-medication hypothesis suggests people may develop Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) or Non-Alcohol Substance Use Disorder (NA-SUD) following PTSD as a maladaptive way...
PURPOSE
The self-medication hypothesis suggests people may develop Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) or Non-Alcohol Substance Use Disorder (NA-SUD) following PTSD as a maladaptive way of coping with PTSD symptoms. Given that an accumulation of trauma experiences and interpersonal trauma increase the likelihood and severity of PTSD, we sought to determine whether the number and type of traumas additionally predict AUD and NA-SUD following PTSD.
METHODS
We analysed data from 36,309 adult participants in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III) study (M = 45.63 years, SD = 17.53, 56.3% female) who were administered semi-structured diagnostic interviews of trauma exposure and PTSD, AUD and NA-SUD symptoms.
RESULTS
Individuals with PTSD were more likely to have an AUD or NA-SUD than those without PTSD. Endorsement of a greater number of traumas was associated with greater odds of having PTSD, AUD, or NA-SUD. Experience of interpersonal trauma was related to greater odds of having PTSD and subsequent AUD or NA-SUD than not experiencing interpersonal trauma. Multiple experiences of interpersonal trauma compared to one interpersonal trauma exposure also increased the odds of having PTSD followed by AUD or NA-SUD.
CONCLUSIONS
Interpersonal trauma and multiple experiences of interpersonal trauma may result in individuals turning to alcohol and substances as a way to alleviate intolerable PTSD symptomology, aligning with the self-medication hypothesis. Our findings highlight the importance of ensuring services and support for interpersonal trauma survivors and for those who have experienced multiple traumas given their increased for unfavourable outcomes.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; Male; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Substance-Related Disorders; Alcohol-Related Disorders; Alcoholism; Alcohol Drinking
PubMed: 37133523
DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02472-6 -
Journal of Diabetes Investigation May 2021A low insulin secretion capacity has been implicated in the high prevalence of non-obese diabetes in East Asians. As alcohol consumption alters insulin and glucose...
AIMS/INTRODUCTION
A low insulin secretion capacity has been implicated in the high prevalence of non-obese diabetes in East Asians. As alcohol consumption alters insulin and glucose metabolism, we tested the hypothesis that alcohol consumption contributes to impaired insulin secretion and glucose intolerance in lean/normal-weight non-diabetic Japanese men.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study was undertaken among the residents of Shika town, Japan, between 2011 and 2017. A total of 402 non-diabetic men, including participants with normal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and impaired FPG (FPG 5.6-6.9 mmol/L), and aged ≥40 years, were examined. FPG, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin secretion capacity (HOMA-B) and alcohol consumption were evaluated and compared between the body mass index (BMI) <25 and BMI ≥25 groups.
RESULTS
HOMA-B levels were lower in the BMI <25 group than in the BMI ≥25 group. Alcohol consumption correlated with a low HOMA-B level regardless of BMI, and, thus, the HOMA-B levels of alcohol drinkers were significantly lower in the BMI <25 group. A multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that alcohol consumption, even light-to-moderate consumption (1-25 g/day), was associated with significantly low levels of HOMA-B and impaired FPG in the BMI <25 group. Among participants with impaired FPG, a low level of HOMA-B was observed in alcohol drinkers, but not in non-drinkers. In contrast, light-to-moderate alcohol consumption was not related to HOMA-B or FPG in the BMI ≥25-group.
CONCLUSION
Alcohol consumption, even a small amount, might contribute to reductions in HOMA-B levels and impaired FPG in lean/normal-weight Japanese men.
Topics: Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Alcohol-Related Disorders; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fasting; Glucose Intolerance; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Ideal Body Weight; Insulin Resistance; Insulin Secretion; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 32910554
DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13402 -
Genes Jan 2023Camel milk is known for its exceptional medical uses. It has been used since ancient times to treat infant diarrhea, hepatitis, insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM),...
Camel milk is known for its exceptional medical uses. It has been used since ancient times to treat infant diarrhea, hepatitis, insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM), lactose intolerance, alcohol-induced liver damage, allergies, and autism. It has the power to treat several diseases, with cancer being the most significant. This study investigated the evolutionary relationship, physiochemical characteristics, and comparative genomic analysis of the casein gene family (CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, and CSN3) in . Molecular phylogenetics showing the camelid species clustered casein nucleotide sequences into four groups: CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, and CSN3. The casein proteins from camels were evaluated and found to be unstable, thermostable, and hydrophilic. CSN1S2, CSN2, and CSN3 were acidic, but CSN1S1 was basic. CSN1S1 showed positive selection for one amino acid (Q), CSN1S2 and CSN2 for three (T, K, Q), and CSN3 showed no positive selection. We also compared high-milk-output species such as cattle () and low-milk-yield species such as sheep () with camels () and discovered that YY1 sites are more frequent in sheep than in camels and very low in cattle. We concluded that the ratio of YY1 sites in these species may affect milk production.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Sheep; Caseins; Camelus; Phylogeny; Milk; Base Sequence; Allergens
PubMed: 36833182
DOI: 10.3390/genes14020256 -
International Journal of Mental Health... 2022The COVID-19 pandemic has led to governments taking a number of restrictive measures. Confinement at home during the COVID-19 crisis could have major implications on...
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to governments taking a number of restrictive measures. Confinement at home during the COVID-19 crisis could have major implications on mental health and alcohol use behaviors among the whole population. The present study focuses on the role of individual characteristics, contextual factors, and mental health variables on alcohol consumption. A sample of 2871 adults (79% women) were recruited from the general population through an online self-report questionnaire. Sociodemographic data, lockdown conditions, occupational/physical activity, proximity of contamination, mental health (anxiety, depression, and intolerance of uncertainty), and alcohol consumption (frequency, quantity, and changes) have been assessed. Among participants, 49.1% of the population reported stable alcohol consumption, 24.5% reported a decreased in alcohol consumption since the beginning of the lockdown and 26.4% reported an increase in consumption. Our findings indicate that those individuals who increased their alcohol consumption during the lockdown are often older, working from home, more likely to have children, higher educated, and consume alcohol more frequently and in higher quantities. They also have a greater proximity to contamination and higher levels of anxiety and depression. Our results are discussed in terms of preventive implications.
PubMed: 33424513
DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00432-8