-
BMC Microbiology Jan 2021Although gut microbiota dysbiosis has been reported in HIV infected individuals recently, the relationship between the gut microbiota and immune activation in patients...
BACKGROUND
Although gut microbiota dysbiosis has been reported in HIV infected individuals recently, the relationship between the gut microbiota and immune activation in patients with different immune responses to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is still not well understood. Gut microbiota and immune activation were studied in 36 non-HIV-infected subjects (healthy controls) and 58 HIV-infected individuals, including 28 immunological responders (IR) and 30 immunological non-responders (INR) (≥500 and < 200 CD4+ T-cell counts/μl after 2 years of HIV-1 viral suppression respectively) without comorbidities.
RESULTS
Metagenome sequencing revealed that HIV-infected immunological responders and immunological non-responders could not recover completely from the gut microbiota dysbiosis. At a 97% similarity level, the relative abundances of Fusobacterium, Ruminococcus gnavus and Megamonas were greater, whereas Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium rectale and Roseburia were more depleted in the IR and INR groups than those in the healthy controls. Ruminococcaceae and Alistipes were positively correlated with nadir and current CD4+ T-cell counts, but negatively correlated with CD8 + CD57+ T-cell counts. Inflammation markers and translocation biomarkers (LPS) levels were positively correlated with the abundances of genera Ruminococcus and Fusobacterium but were negatively correlated with the genus Faecalibacterium. The relative abundances of Escherichia-Shigella and Blautia were significantly higher in the IR than those in the INR group. Escherichia-Shigella were negatively correlated with the CD4/CD8 ratio but positively correlated with the amount of CD8 + CD57+ T-cells. Roseburia and Blautia were negatively associated with nadir CD4+ T-cell and positively associated with CD8 + CD57+ T-cell counts.
CONCLUSIONS
Gut microbiota dysbiosis may be one of the factors contributing to different immune responses and treatment outcomes to HAART.
Topics: Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Bacteria; CD4-CD8 Ratio; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Case-Control Studies; Dysbiosis; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Metagenomics; Middle Aged; Phylogeny; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33407128
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02074-1 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Microbiome dysfunction is known to aggravate acute pancreatitis (AP); however, the relationship between this dysfunction and metabolite alterations is not fully...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Microbiome dysfunction is known to aggravate acute pancreatitis (AP); however, the relationship between this dysfunction and metabolite alterations is not fully understood. This study explored the crosstalk between the microbiome and metabolites in AP mice.
METHODS
Experimental AP models were established by injecting C57/BL mice with seven doses of cerulein and one dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics were used to identify systemic disturbances in the microbiome and metabolites, respectively, during the progression of AP.
RESULTS
The gut microbiome of AP mice primarily included Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria, and "core microbiota" characterized by an increase in Proteobacteria and a decrease in Actinobacteria. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis found that significantly different microbes were involved in several signaling networks. Untargeted metabolomics identified 872 metabolites, of which lipids and lipid-like molecules were the most impacted. An integrated analysis of metagenomics and metabolomics indicated that acetate kinase () gene expression was associated with various gut microbiota, including , , and , and was strongly correlated with the metabolite daphnoretin. The functional gene, -acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase (), was associated with , , and , and linked to bufalin and phlorobenzophenone metabolite production.
CONCLUSION
This study identified the relationship between the gut microbiome and metabolite levels during AP, especially the , and -associated functional genes, and . Expression of these genes was significantly correlated to the production of the anti-inflammatory and antitumor metabolites daphnoretin and bufalin.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Metagenomics; Acute Disease; Pancreatitis; Microbiota; Signal Transduction; Bacteroidetes; Lactobacillus
PubMed: 37621874
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1134321 -
Gastroenterology Oct 2022The long-term efficacy and possible adverse events of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are unknown. This study performed a...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
The long-term efficacy and possible adverse events of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are unknown. This study performed a 3-year follow-up of the patients in our previous clinical trial to clarify these aspects.
METHODS
This study included 125 patients (104 females, and 21 males): 38 in a placebo group, 42 who received 30 g of donor feces, and 45 who received 60 g of donor feces. Feces was administered to the duodenum. The patients provided a fecal sample and completed 5 questionnaires at baseline and at 2 and 3 years after FMT. Fecal bacteria and dysbiosis index were analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene polymerase chain reaction DNA amplification/probe hybridization covering the V3 to V9 regions.
RESULTS
Response rates were 26.3%, 69.1%, and 77.8% in the placebo, 30-g, and 60-g groups, respectively, at 2 years after FMT, and 27.0%, 64.9%, and 71.8%, respectively, at 3 years after FMT. The response rates were significantly higher in the 30-g and 60-g groups than in the placebo group. Patients in the 30-g and 60-g groups had significantly fewer IBS symptoms and fatigue, and a greater quality of life both at 2 and 3 years after FMT. The dysbiosis index decreased only in the active treatment groups at 2 and 3 years after FMT. Fluorescent signals of 10 bacteria had significant correlations with IBS symptoms and fatigue after FMT in the 30-g and 60-g groups. No long-term adverse events were recorded.
CONCLUSIONS
FMT performed according to our protocol resulted in high response rates and long-standing effects with only few mild self-limited adverse events. This study was registered at www.
CLINICALTRIALS
gov (NCT03822299).
Topics: Bacteria; DNA; Dysbiosis; Fatigue; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Male; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35709830
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.06.020 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolic pathway disorders are closely related to the ulcerative colitis. Through network pharmacology, we found that puerarin is a...
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolic pathway disorders are closely related to the ulcerative colitis. Through network pharmacology, we found that puerarin is a potential ingredient that can improve the crypt deformation and inflammatory infiltration in mice, and decrease the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α significantly. , and gradually became dominant bacteria in UC mice, which were positively correlated with inflammatory factors. Puerarin effectively improved dysbiosis by reducing the abundance of , and , and increasing the level of . Correlation network and metabolic function prediction analysis of the microbiota showed that they formed a tightly connected network and were widely involved in carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Specifically, we observed significant changes in the tryptophan metabolism pathway in DSS mice, with an increase in the abundance of and involved in tryptophan metabolism. However, this metabolic disorder was alleviated after puerarin treatment, including the reversal of 3-HAA levels and an increase in the abundance of and involved in kynurenine metabolism, as well as a significant increase in the purine metabolite guanosine. In conclusion, our study suggests that puerarin has a good therapeutic effect on UC, which is partially achieved by restoring the composition and abundance of gut microbiota and their metabolism.
PubMed: 37908541
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1279029 -
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and... 2021Dysbiosis of gut microbiota impairs the homeostasis of immune and metabolic systems. Although previous studies have revealed the correlation between gut microbiota and...
INTRODUCTION
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota impairs the homeostasis of immune and metabolic systems. Although previous studies have revealed the correlation between gut microbiota and various diseases, the function between gut microbiota and diabetic nephropathy (DN) has not been discovered distinctly. In this study, we tried to investigate the profile and function of gut microbiota in DN.
METHODS
A total of 100 people were enrolled in this study. Twenty were healthy people, 20 were diabetes patients, and 60 were DN patients. The DN patients were divided into three stages including stage III, IV, and V. We conducted taxonomic analyses in different groups. The distributions of phyla, classes, orders, families, and genera in different groups and samples were investigated. We also evaluated the correlations between clinical parameters and gut microbiota in 60 DN patients.
RESULTS
The gut microbiota in the healthy group, diabetes group, and DN group had 1764 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in total. The healthy group had 1034 OTUs, the diabetes group had 899 OTUs, and the DN group had 1602 OTUs. The diversity of gut microbiota in the stage III DN group was smaller than that in the other groups. 24-h urinary protein was positively correlated with and , cholesterol was positively correlated with and , and estimated glomerular filtration rate was negatively correlated with group.
DISCUSSION
The gut microbiota might play an important role in the development and pathogenesis of DN. A change in gut microbiota diversity is correlated with disease progression. Some kinds of gut microbiota including , , , , and group might be detrimental factors in DN.
PubMed: 34703261
DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S320169 -
Heliyon Sep 2023This study aims to investigate the changes in gut microbiota and metabolism of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 1-2, as well as the potential impact of...
OBJECT
This study aims to investigate the changes in gut microbiota and metabolism of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 1-2, as well as the potential impact of hyperuricemia (HUA) on these factors in CKD stage 1-2 patients.
METHODS
In this study, fecal samples were collected from CKD stage 1-2 without HUA patients (CKD-N group), CKD stage 1-2 with HUA patients (CKD-H group), and healthy people controls (HCs group). The samples were then subjected to the microbiome (16S rRNA gene sequencing) and metabolome (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) analyses. The multi-omics datasets were analyzed individually and integrated for combined analysis using various bioinformatics approaches.
RESULTS
Gut microbial dysbiosis was found in CKD-N and CKD-H patients. At the phylum level, compared to HCs group, decreased but increased in CKD-H group significantly. in CKD-N group was significantly lower than HCs group. At genus level, , , and significantly changed in CKD groups. was significantly lower in CKD-H group than CKD-N group. Moreover, the fecal metabolome of CKD-N and CKD-H altered significantly. d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, histidine metabolism, and lysine biosynthesis were down-regulated in the CKD-N group. Phenylalanine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, purine metabolism, and beta-alanine metabolism were up-regulated in the CKD-H group. There was a significant difference between the two CKD groups in phenylalanine metabolism. The abundance change of , , , , and had a close correlation with differential metabolites.
CONCLUSION
The gut microbiota and metabolic status undergo significant changes in CKD patients compared to healthy people. Additionally, HUA has been found to impact the gut microbiota of CKD patients, as well as their metabolism. The close association between gut microbiota and metabolites suggests that the former plays a crucial role in metabolism.
PubMed: 37809388
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20328 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Adenomyosis (AM) is a benign uterine disease characterized pathologically by the invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium. The pathogenesis of AM is still far...
BACKGROUND
Adenomyosis (AM) is a benign uterine disease characterized pathologically by the invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium. The pathogenesis of AM is still far from clear. Although the gut microbiome and metabolomics are thought to contribute to a variety of diseases, the role of them in AM has not been revealed.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate changes in the gut microbiota and derived metabolites in AM mice.
METHOD
Female ICR mice were randomly assigned to AM and control groups, and pituitary transplantation was employed to perform AM modeling. Then, the fecal samples were obtained for microbial (16S rRNA gene sequencing) and metabolomic (liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, LC-MS) analysis.
RESULT
The results of gut microbiota analysis showed that the intestinal microbiota composition of AM mice was altered. The ratio of and the relative abundance of in AM group increased compared with the control group. Sixty differential expressed metabolites were identified in intestinal metabolites, mainly involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. Further, correlation analysis verified that -methionine and -cystine were negatively correlated with and positively correlated with . The Pregnenolone, Androsterone glucuronide, and Testosterone glucuronide were negatively correlated with and , whereas they positively correlated with .
CONCLUSION
AM mice have a unique gut microbiome and intestinal metabolites.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Female; Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Metabolome; Adenomyosis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Mice, Inbred ICR; Feces; Bacteroidetes
PubMed: 36923594
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1075387 -
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2023The correlation between gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly being recognized by clinicians. However, knowledge about the gut-brain-cognition...
BACKGROUND
The correlation between gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly being recognized by clinicians. However, knowledge about the gut-brain-cognition interaction remains largely unknown.
METHODS
One hundred and twenty-seven participants, including 35 normal controls (NCs), 62 with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and 30 with cognitive impairment (CI), were included in this study. The participants underwent neuropsychological assessments and fecal microbiota analysis through 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Illumina Miseq sequencing technique. Structural MRI data were analyzed for cortical anatomical features, including thickness, sulcus depth, fractal dimension, and Toro's gyrification index using the SBM method. The association of altered gut microbiota among the three groups with structural MRI metrics and cognitive function was evaluated. Furthermore, co-expression network analysis was conducted to investigate the gut-brain-cognition interactions.
RESULTS
The abundance of , and decreased with cognitive ability. , and were specifically enriched in the CI group. abundance was correlated with changes in brain gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid volume ( = 0.0214, = 0.0162) and significantly with changes in cortical structures in brain regions, such as the internal olfactory area and the parahippocampal gyrus. The three colonies enriched in the CI group were positively correlated with cognitive function and significantly associated with changes in cortical structure related to cognitive function, such as the precuneus and syrinx gyrus.
CONCLUSION
This study provided evidence that there was an inner relationship among the altered gut microbiota, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline. Targeting the gut microbiota may be a novel therapeutic strategy for early AD.
PubMed: 37520126
DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1216509 -
PloS One 2022Despite the growing interest in the ruminants' gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiomes' ability to degrade plant materials by animal husbandry and industrial sectors,...
Despite the growing interest in the ruminants' gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiomes' ability to degrade plant materials by animal husbandry and industrial sectors, only a few studies addressed browsing ruminants. The present work describes the taxonomic and functional profile of the bacterial and archaeal communities from five different gastrointestinal sections (rumen, omasum-abomasum, jejunum, cecum and colon) of browsing Capra hircus, by metabarcoding using 16S rRNA genes hypervariable regions. The bacterial communities across the GITs are mainly composed of Bacillota and Bacteroidota. Prevotella was the leading bacterial group found in the stomachs, Romboutsia in the jejuna, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Bacteroides, UCG-010_ge, UCG-005, and Alistipes in large intestines. The archaeal communities in the stomachs and jejuna revealed to be mainly composed of Methanobrevibacter, while in the large intestines its dominance is shared with Methanocorpusculum. Across the GITs, the main metabolic functions were related to carbohydrate, amino acid, and energy metabolisms. Significant differences in the composition and potential biological functions of the bacterial communities were observed among stomachs, jejuna and large intestines. In contrast, significant differences were observed among stomachs and jejuna verse large intestines for archaeal communities. Overall different regions of the GIT are occupied by different microbial communities performing distinct biological functions. A high variety of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) indispensable for degrading plant cell wall materials were predicted to be present in all the GIT sections.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Archaea; Bacteria; Bacteroidetes; Carbohydrates; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glycoside Hydrolases; Goats; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rumen
PubMed: 36251671
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276262 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022is an anaerobic Gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium. The majority of strains produce two toxins, A and B, associated with the development of acute diarrhea... (Review)
Review
is an anaerobic Gram-positive and spore-forming bacterium. The majority of strains produce two toxins, A and B, associated with the development of acute diarrhea and/or colitis. In this review, two situations are distinguished: infection (CDI) and asymptomatic colonization (AC). The main objective of this review is to explore the available data related to the link between the gut microbiota and the development of CDI. The secondary aim is to provide more information on why some people colonized with toxigenic develop an infection while others show no signs of disease. Several factors, such as the use of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors, hospitalization, and age, predispose individuals to colonization and/or infection. The gut microbiota of people with AC showed decreased abundances of , , , , , , and . The gut microbiota of people suffering from CDI showed reductions in the abundances of , , spp., spp., spp., spp., spp., spp., spp. and spp., in comparison with healthy people. Furthermore, increases in the abundances of and were associated with infection.
PubMed: 35890026
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070781