-
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2023Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening disease and there are no effective treatments to inhibit aneurysm progression and rupture. The gut microbiota has...
BACKGROUND
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening disease and there are no effective treatments to inhibit aneurysm progression and rupture. The gut microbiota has been increasingly recognized, as a new therapeutic target, because of its role in host homeostasis. However, the role of the gut microbiota in AAA has not been clarified. Therefore, we performed 16S rRNA analysis to determine and compare the composition of the gut microbiota between AAA and control groups.
METHODS
We used the classical angiotensin-II induced AAA mouse model to investigate the role of gut microbiota and abdominal aortic aneurysm. The mice were randomly assigned to 2 groups: the control ( = 7) group received saline (vehicle), while the AAA ( = 13) group received solutions of Ang II. Aortic tissue and fecal samples were harvested 28 days after infusion. Fecal samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing.
RESULTS
The levels of , and were increased in the AAA group, while those of , and were increased in the control group. Furthermore, network analysis and ZiPi score assessment highlighted species in the phylum as the keystone species. PICRUSt2 analysis revealed that PWY-6629 (a super pathway of L-tryptophan biosynthesis), PWY-7446 (sulfoglycolysis), and PWY-6165 [chorismate biosynthesis II (archaea)] may-be involved in the metabolic pathways that contribute to AAA formation, and / may be the key bacteria that influence those three pathways.
CONCLUSION
Alterations in the gut microbiota may be associated with the formation of AAA. and were significantly decreased in the AAA group, but the keystone species in the phylum and the metabolic products of these bacteria should be given more attention in AAA formation research.
PubMed: 36910527
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1051648 -
Current Issues in Molecular Biology May 2023The gut microbiota is relatively stable; however, various factors can precipitate an imbalance that is known to be associated with various diseases. We aimed to conduct... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The gut microbiota is relatively stable; however, various factors can precipitate an imbalance that is known to be associated with various diseases. We aimed to conduct a systematic literature review of studies reporting the effects of ionizing radiation on the composition, richness, and diversity of the gut microbiota of animals.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases. The standard methodologies expected by Cochrane were utilized.
RESULTS
We identified 3531 non-duplicated records and selected twenty-nine studies after considering the defined inclusion criteria. The studies were found to be heterogeneous, with significant differences in the chosen populations, methodologies, and outcomes. Overall, we found evidence of an association between ionizing radiation exposure and dysbiosis, with a reduction of microbiota diversity and richness and alterations in the taxonomic composition. Although differences in taxonomic composition varied across studies, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, , and most consistently reported to be relatively more abundant after ionizing radiation exposure, whereas Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and were relatively reduced.
CONCLUSIONS
This review highlights the effect of ionizing exposure on gut microbiota diversity, richness, and composition. It paves the way for further studies on human subjects regarding gastrointestinal side effects in patients submitted to treatments with ionizing radiation and the development of potential preventive, therapeutic approaches.
PubMed: 37232718
DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050249 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022There are two main types of echinococcosis, namely alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE). They are zoonotic parasitic diseases caused by the...
There are two main types of echinococcosis, namely alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE). They are zoonotic parasitic diseases caused by the metacestodes of and . In order to explore the gut microbiome composition of patients with echinococcosis, we analyzed fecal samples of seven patients with AE, six patients with CE, and 13 healthy individuals from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Using metagenomic next-generation sequencing, we identified fecal bacteria in the patients with AE and CE. The gut microbiota was analyzed by next-generation metagenomic sequencing (mNGS) to compare patients with either AE or CE against healthy individuals. We found there were some differences between them in abundant bacteria. Our results led to five findings: (1) Between patients with echinococcosis and healthy individuals, the differential bacteria were from four phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria. (2) , , , , and were abundant in the feces of patients with AE. (3) sp_E4742, and were abundant in the feces of the patients with CE. (4) At the phylum and class level, compared to the AE group, the healthy group was characterized by higher numbers of Actinobacteria. (5) At the family level, Lachnospiraceae and Eubacteriaceae were more abundant in the feces of healthy individuals than in AE patients. The genera , , and were more abundant in the healthy group, while the genus was more abundant in the AE group. The results of this study enrich our understanding of the gut microbiome composition of patients with AE and CE in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
PubMed: 35615499
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.860909 -
BMC Microbiology Jan 2021Although gut microbiota dysbiosis has been reported in HIV infected individuals recently, the relationship between the gut microbiota and immune activation in patients...
BACKGROUND
Although gut microbiota dysbiosis has been reported in HIV infected individuals recently, the relationship between the gut microbiota and immune activation in patients with different immune responses to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is still not well understood. Gut microbiota and immune activation were studied in 36 non-HIV-infected subjects (healthy controls) and 58 HIV-infected individuals, including 28 immunological responders (IR) and 30 immunological non-responders (INR) (≥500 and < 200 CD4+ T-cell counts/μl after 2 years of HIV-1 viral suppression respectively) without comorbidities.
RESULTS
Metagenome sequencing revealed that HIV-infected immunological responders and immunological non-responders could not recover completely from the gut microbiota dysbiosis. At a 97% similarity level, the relative abundances of Fusobacterium, Ruminococcus gnavus and Megamonas were greater, whereas Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium rectale and Roseburia were more depleted in the IR and INR groups than those in the healthy controls. Ruminococcaceae and Alistipes were positively correlated with nadir and current CD4+ T-cell counts, but negatively correlated with CD8 + CD57+ T-cell counts. Inflammation markers and translocation biomarkers (LPS) levels were positively correlated with the abundances of genera Ruminococcus and Fusobacterium but were negatively correlated with the genus Faecalibacterium. The relative abundances of Escherichia-Shigella and Blautia were significantly higher in the IR than those in the INR group. Escherichia-Shigella were negatively correlated with the CD4/CD8 ratio but positively correlated with the amount of CD8 + CD57+ T-cells. Roseburia and Blautia were negatively associated with nadir CD4+ T-cell and positively associated with CD8 + CD57+ T-cell counts.
CONCLUSIONS
Gut microbiota dysbiosis may be one of the factors contributing to different immune responses and treatment outcomes to HAART.
Topics: Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Bacteria; CD4-CD8 Ratio; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Case-Control Studies; Dysbiosis; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Metagenomics; Middle Aged; Phylogeny; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33407128
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02074-1 -
Journal of Animal Science and Technology Sep 2022Bovine fecal microbiota is important for host health and its composition can be affected by various factors, such as diet, age, species, breed, regions, and...
Bovine fecal microbiota is important for host health and its composition can be affected by various factors, such as diet, age, species, breed, regions, and environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of diet and gender on fecal microbiota in Korean native Hanwoo cattle. The 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of fecal microbiota was conducted from 44 Hanwoo cattle divided into four groups: (1) 11 heifers fed an oat hay plus total mixed ration (TMR) diet for breeding (HOTB), (2) 11 heifers fed an early fattening TMR diet (HEFT), (3) 11 steers fed the early fattening TMR diet (SEFT), and (4) 11 steers fed the late fattening TMR diet (SLFT). Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the first and second most dominant phyla in all the samples, respectively. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) ratio associated with feed efficiency was significantly greater in the SLFT group than in the other groups. At the genus level, , , and were the most abundant in the SLFT while , , and were the most abundant in the HOTB group. Although the same early fattening TMR diet was fed to Hanwoo heifers and steers, and were the most abundant in the HEFT group while and were the most abundant in the SEFT group. Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were significantly lower in the SLFT group than in the other groups. Distribution of fecal microbiota and functional genetic profiles were significantly different among the four treatment groups. The present study demonstrates that different diets and genders can affect fecal microbiota and the F/B ratio may be associated with feed efficiency in Hanwoo cattle. Our results may help develop strategies to improve gut health and productivity through manipulation of fecal microbiota using the appropriate diet considering Hanwoo cattle gender.
PubMed: 36287745
DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e71 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Polyphenols from peanut skin have been reported to possess many beneficial functions for human health, including anti-oxidative, antibacterial, anticancer, and other...
Polyphenols from peanut skin have been reported to possess many beneficial functions for human health, including anti-oxidative, antibacterial, anticancer, and other activities. To date, however, its anti-inflammatory effect and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of peanut skin procyanidins extract (PSPE) and peanut skin procyanidins (PSPc) were investigated by a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. The results showed that both PSPE and PSPc supplementation reversed the DSS-induced body weight loss and reduced disease activity index (DAI) values, accompanied by enhanced goblet cell numbers and tight junction protein claudin-1 expression in the colon. PSPE and PSPc treatment also suppressed the inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in the colon by down-regulating IL-1β, TNF-α, and MDA expressions. Meanwhile, PSPE and PSPc significantly altered the gut microbiota composition by increasing the relative abundance of and , and inhibiting the relative abundance of at the genus level. PSPE and PSPc also significantly elevated the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice with colitis. The correlation analysis suggested that the protective effects of PSPE and PSPc on colitis might be related to the alteration of gut microbiota composition and the formation of SCFAs. In conclusion, the current research indicates that supplementation of PSPE and PSPc could be a promising nutritional strategy for colitis prevention and treatment.
PubMed: 36358470
DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112098 -
Cancers Apr 2023Chronic inflammation of the colon (colitis) is a known risk factor for inflammatory-driven colorectal cancers (id-CRCs), and intestinal microbiota has been implicated in...
Chronic inflammation of the colon (colitis) is a known risk factor for inflammatory-driven colorectal cancers (id-CRCs), and intestinal microbiota has been implicated in the etiology of id-CRCs. Manipulation of the microbiome is a clinically viable therapeutic approach to limiting id-CRCs. To understand the microbiome changes that occur over time in id-CRCs, we used a mouse model of id-CRCs with the treatment of azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and measured the microbiome over time. We included cohorts where the microbiome was restored using cage bedding swapping and where the microbiome was depleted using antibiotics to compare to untreated animals. We identified consistent increases in in mice receiving horizontal microbiome transfer (HMT) via cage bedding swapping, while the control cohort had consistent longitudinal increases in and Additionally, fecal lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2), a marker of intestinal inflammation, was elevated in unrestored animals compared to restored and antibiotic-treated counterparts following HMT. These observations suggest a potential role for in regulating colonic inflammation in id-CRCs.
PubMed: 37190186
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082260 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Coccidiosis is an intestinal parasitic disease caused by protozoa, which endangers the health and growth of animals, and causes huge economic losses to the poultry...
BACKGROUND
Coccidiosis is an intestinal parasitic disease caused by protozoa, which endangers the health and growth of animals, and causes huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide every year. Studies have shown that poultry gut microbiota plays an important role in preventing the colonization of pathogens and maintaining the health of the host. Coccidia infection also affects host gene expression. However, the underlying potential relationship between gut microbiome and host transcriptome during infection in chickens remain unclear.
METHODS
In this study, metagenomic and transcriptome sequencing were applied to identify microbiota and genes in cecal contents and cecal tissues of infected (JS) and control (JC) chickens on day 4.5 postinfection (pi), respectively.
RESULTS
First, microbial sequencing results of cecal contents showed that the abundance of sp. and sp decreased significantly after infection ( < 0.05), while the abundance of and increased significantly ( < 0.05). Second, transcriptome sequencing results showed that a total of 434 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified, including 196 up-regulated and 238 down-regulated genes. These differentially expressed genes related to inflammation and immunity, such as , may play an important role in the process of host resistance to coccidia infection. Functional studies showed that the enriched pathways of differentially expressed genes included the TGF-beta signaling pathway and the ErbB signaling pathways. Finally, the integrated analysis of gut microbiome and host transcriptome suggested that associated with , porcorum and sp. associated with were involved in the immune response upon infection.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this study provides valuable information on the microbiota and key immune genes after chicken infection, with the aim of providing reference for the impact of coccidia infection on cecal microbiome and host.
Topics: Animals; Eimeria tenella; Chickens; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Transcriptome; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 37346030
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1191939 -
BMC Microbiology Feb 2021The microbiota plays an important role in host health. Although rubidium (Rb) has been used to study its effects on depression and cancers, the interaction between...
BACKGROUND
The microbiota plays an important role in host health. Although rubidium (Rb) has been used to study its effects on depression and cancers, the interaction between microbial commensals and Rb is still unexplored. To gain the knowledge of the relationship between Rb and microbes, 51 mice receiving RbCl-based treatment and 13 untreated mice were evaluated for their characteristics and bacterial microbiome changes.
RESULTS
The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of fecal microbiota showed that RbCl generally maintained fecal microbial community diversity, while the shifts in fecal microbial composition were apparent after RbCl exposure. RbCl significantly enhanced the abundances of Rikenellaceae, Alistipes, Clostridium XlVa and sulfate-reducing bacteria including Deltaproteobacteria, Desulfovibrionales, Desulfovibrionaceae and Desulfovibrio, but significantly inhibited the abundances of Tenericutes, Mollicutes, Anaeroplasmatales, Anaeroplasmataceae and Anaeroplasma lineages. With regarding to the archaea, we only observed two less richness archaea Sulfolobus and Acidiplasma at the genus level.
CONCLUSIONS
Changes of fecal microbes may in part contribute to the anticancer or anti-depressant effects of RbCl. These findings further validate that the microbiome could be a target for therapeutic intervention.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Bacteria; Chlorides; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Mice; Rubidium; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
PubMed: 33588762
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02095-4 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The purpose of this study was to elucidate the characteristics of the gut microbiome in patients with Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and analyze the alterations of...
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the characteristics of the gut microbiome in patients with Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and analyze the alterations of fecal fatty acid metabolism, so as to further provide the pathogenesis of PCOS.
METHODS
Fecal samples from the PCOS group ( = 31) and healthy control group ( = 27) were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. Peripheral venous blood was collected to measure serum inflammation and intestinal permeability. Finally, the correlation analysis of intestinal flora, fecal metabolites, and laboratory indicators was carried out.
RESULTS
Serum D-lactate content in the PCOS group was higher than that in the control group. There was no significant difference in microbial α diversity and β diversity between PCOS patients and healthy controls. Peptostreptococcaceae and Bacteroidales S24-7 group existed significant differences between PCOS patients and healthy controls. Based on linear discriminant analysis selection, 14 genera including , , and were dominant in patients with PCOS, while 4 genera, including (), (), and (), were dominant in healthy controls. Compared with PCOS with Body mass index (BMI) < 24, patients with BMI ≥ 24 have multiple dominant genera including and . Moreover, serum levels of free testosterone and androstenedione were positively correlated with , while total testosterone was negatively correlated with . Additionally, fecal contents of acetic acid and propionic acid in patients with PCOS were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. and were positively correlated with 6 kinds of fatty acids.
CONCLUSION
Specific intestinal flora fecal fatty acids and serum metabolites may mediate the occurrence and development of PCOS. PCOS patients with different body sizes have specific intestinal flora.
PubMed: 35847083
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.911992