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Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Strawberry () is one of the accomplished sources of bioactive compounds, including anthocyanin, phenolic acids, flavonols, ellagitannins, and a diverse range of minerals...
Strawberry () is one of the accomplished sources of bioactive compounds, including anthocyanin, phenolic acids, flavonols, ellagitannins, and a diverse range of minerals and vitamins that can help to boost human health. This study was carried out to explore the antidiabetic, antioxidative and antihyperlipidemic potential of strawberry extracts against alloxan-induced (100 mg/kg body weight) diabetic rats. Accordingly, rats were categorized into six groups including control (G), positive control (G), treatment groups (G, G, and G) given strawberry extract at 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg of body weight, respectively, and G provided metformin @70 mg/kg BW for 28 days with ad libitum diet. At the trial termination, the rats were sacrificed and were subjected to analysis including body weight, blood glucose level and glycemic indicators, antioxidant parameters, lipid profile, renal function test (RFT), liver function test (LFT) and histopathology for pancreatic tissues. The results indicated that treatment of diabetic rats with strawberry extract at 500 mg/kg body weight (BW) resulted in significant reductions in blood glucose level, serum urea, and creatinine as well as significant increases in body weight, insulin activity, and protein levels. In addition, the diabetic rats that did not receive strawberry extract (control) exhibited an increase in plasma glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, and a decrease in body weight and insulin levels. Briefly, it is reported that strawberry fruit extracts reduced blood sugar levels, possess hypolipidemic potential, and helped to maintain antioxidant levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
PubMed: 37569180
DOI: 10.3390/foods12152911 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jul 2023Diabetic retinopathy (DRET) triggers vision loss in adults, however, little therapeutic options are existing. Memantine is an anti-Alzheimer drug that antagonizes the...
Diabetic retinopathy (DRET) triggers vision loss in adults, however, little therapeutic options are existing. Memantine is an anti-Alzheimer drug that antagonizes the activity of glutamate at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Glutamate and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) are known to be overexpressed in diabetic retinas and can produce activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) with subsequent secretion of interlukin-1β. This study repurposed memantine for its neuroprotective effect in experimental DRET and tested its impact on ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3. In addition, KEGG pathway database and STRING database identified the protein-protein interaction between glutamate receptors and TXNIP/NLRP3. Male Swiss albino mice received alloxan (180 mg/kg) to induce DRET. After 9 weeks, we divided the mice into groups: (a) saline, (ii) DRET, (iii and iv) DRET + oral memantine (5 or 10 mg per kg) for 28 days. Then, mice were euthanized, and eyeballs were removed. Retinal samples were utilized for biochemical, histopathological, and electron microscopy studies. Retinal levels of glutamate, TXNIP, NLRP3 and interlukin-1β were estimated using ELISA technique as well as retinal malondialdehyde. Histopathological and ultrastructural examination demonstrated that oral memantine attenuated vacuolization and restored normal retinal cell layers. Moreover, memantine reduced TXNIP, NLRP3, interleukin-1β and MDA concentrations. These results provide evidence demonstrating memantine' efficacy in alleviating DRET via suppressing reactive oxygen species/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling cascade. Therefore, memantine might serve as a potential therapy for retinopathy after adequate clinical research.
Topics: Mice; Male; Animals; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Diabetic Retinopathy; Inflammasomes; Reactive Oxygen Species; Memantine; NLR Proteins; Glutamates; Thioredoxins; Diabetes Mellitus; Carrier Proteins
PubMed: 37116352
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114772 -
Animal Models and Experimental Medicine Jun 2024Diabetes mellitus is one of the world's most prevalent and complex metabolic disorders, and it is a rapidly growing global public health issue. It is characterized by... (Review)
Review
Diabetes mellitus is one of the world's most prevalent and complex metabolic disorders, and it is a rapidly growing global public health issue. It is characterized by hyperglycemia, a condition involving a high blood glucose level brought on by deficiencies in insulin secretion, decreased activity of insulin, or both. Prolonged effects of diabetes include cardiovascular problems, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and vascular alterations in both macro- and micro-blood vessels. In vivo and in vitro models have always been important for investigating and characterizing disease pathogenesis, identifying targets, and reviewing novel treatment options and medications. Fully understanding these models is crucial for the researchers so this review summarizes the different experimental in vivo and in vitro model options used to study diabetes and its consequences. The most popular in vivo studies involves the small animal models, such as rodent models, chemically induced diabetogens like streptozotocin and alloxan, and the possibility of deleting or overexpressing a specific gene by knockout and transgenic technologies on these animals. Other models include virally induced models, diet/nutrition induced diabetic animals, surgically induced models or pancreatectomy models, and non-obese models. Large animals or non-rodent models like porcine (pig), canine (dog), nonhuman primate, and Zebrafish models are also outlined. The in vitro models discussed are murine and human beta-cell lines and pancreatic islets, human stem cells, and organoid cultures. The other enzymatic in vitro tests to assess diabetes include assay of amylase inhibition and inhibition of α-glucosidase activity.
PubMed: 38837635
DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12442 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Scholar... Sep 2022Carbohydrate digestive enzymes play a major role in the management of the postprandial hyperglycemia. A chronic hyperglycemia can lead to serious health problems due to...
BACKGROUND
Carbohydrate digestive enzymes play a major role in the management of the postprandial hyperglycemia. A chronic hyperglycemia can lead to serious health problems due to excessive production of several reactive oxygen species. Therefore, the inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzyme and the use of antioxidant natural product can be an important strategy to control the glycaemia level and prevent against the complication of diabetes.
AIM
The study aims to perform a phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity, inhibitory effect on α -amylase, α -glucosidase ( and ) and the intestinal glucose absorption in Wistar rats of aqueous extract (AcAE) and hydro-ethanolic extract (AcEE).
RESULTS
The test of total phenolic content, show that the AcAE has the highest quantity of polyphenol (44.65 ± 0.54 μ g GAE/mg extract) compared to the AcEE (31.7 ± 0.53 μ g GAE/mg extract) significantly. The amount of flavonoid and condensed tannins content in AcAE is 24.41 ± 3.57 μ g QrE/mg extract, 14.31 ± 5.26 μ g CE/mg respectively. The AcAE has also exhibit a great antioxidant activity in DPPH-scavenging and Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) compared to AcEE with an IC 50 = 0.355 ± 0.057 mg/mL and IC 50 = 0.269 ± 0.025 mg/mL. However, in a β -carotene bleaching assay the AcEE has the highest effect with an IC 50 = 0.319 ± 0.097 mg/mL. The both extract of L. (250 mg/kg) decreased postprandial hyperglycemia in the normal and alloxane diabetic rats in a very significant manner after starch or sucrose administration as an α -amylase and α -glucosidase substrate respectively. This result is confirmed by a remarkable inhibitory effect on α -amylase digestive enzymes by an IC 50 = 1.259 ± 0.128 mg/mL and IC 50 = 0.602 ± 0.072 mg/mL receptively for AcAE and AcEE. For the α -glucosidase enzyme, the both extracts significantly inhibit α -glucosidase activity compared to the control and they are almost similar to each other. Using a jejunum perfusion technique (), L. decrease the intestinal D-glucose absorption activity significantly compared to the control and comparable to the Phlorizin used as a positive control by an amount of glucose absorbed equal a 6.53 ± 0.57, 5.34 ± 0.64 and 4.71 ± 0.24 mg/10 cm/h, for AcAE, AcEE and Phlorizin respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
These results showed that the L. has highest phenolic content, antioxidant activity and demonstrated a postprandial anti-hyperglycemic effect the inhibiting of the carbohydrate digestive enzyme ( α -amylase and α -glucosidase) and the intestinal glucose absorption.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Antioxidants; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Plant Extracts; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Artemisia; Phlorhizin; Rats, Wistar; Hyperglycemia; alpha-Glucosidases; alpha-Amylases; Glucose
PubMed: 36575835
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbs1404025 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jul 2022Solanum anomalum is a plant used ethnomedically for the treatment of diabetes. The study was aimed to validate ethnomedical claims in rat model and identify the likely...
Solanum anomalum is a plant used ethnomedically for the treatment of diabetes. The study was aimed to validate ethnomedical claims in rat model and identify the likely antidiabetic compounds. Leaf extract (70-210 mg/kg/day) and fractions (140 mg/kg/day) of S. anomalum were evaluated in hyperglycaemic rats induced using alloxan for effects on blood glucose, lipids and pancreas histology. Phytochemical characterisation of isolated compounds and their identification were performed using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Bioinformatics tool was used to predict the possible protein targets of the identified bioactive compounds. The leaf extract/fractions on administration to diabetic rats caused significant lowering of fasting blood glucose of the diabetic rats during single dose study and on repeated administration of the extract. The hydroethanolic leaf extracts also enhanced glucose utilization capacity of the diabetic rats and caused significant lowering of glycosylated hemoglobin levels and elevation of insulin levels in the serum. Furthermore, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and VLDL-cholesterol levels were lowered significantly, while HDL-cholesterol levels were also elevated in the treated diabetic rats. There was absence or few pathological signs in the treated hyperglycaemic rat pancreas compared to that present in the pancreas of control group. Diosgenin, 25(R)-diosgenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside, uracil, thymine, 1-octacosanol, and octacosane were isolated and identified. Protein phosphatases along with secreted proteins are predicted to be the major targets of diosgenin and the diosgenin glycoside. These results suggest that the leaf extract/fractions of S. anomalum possess antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic properties, offer protection to the pancreas and stimulate insulin secretion, which can be attributable to the activities of its phytochemical constituents.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diosgenin; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypolipidemic Agents; Plant Extracts; Rats; Solanum
PubMed: 35598372
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113153 -
Journal of Traditional and... Jan 2021In the present study, we investigate the phytochemical composition and the nephroprotective effects as well as the antioxidant properties of aqueous extract in...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
In the present study, we investigate the phytochemical composition and the nephroprotective effects as well as the antioxidant properties of aqueous extract in alloxan-induced experimental diabetes in rats.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
Wistar rats were divided into four groups of seven rats each: Group I: Normal control (NC) received saline solution at 9‰ given by intraperitoneal way; Group II: Diabetic control (DC) received alloxan (150 mg/kg b.w) intraperitoneally; Group III: Normal control (NC + AHA) received saline solution at 9‰ and treated orally by AHA aqueous extract (400 mg/kg/b.w); Group IV: Diabetic control (DC + AHA) received alloxan solution (150 mg/kg b.w) intraperitoneally and treated by aqueous extract of AHA (400 mg/kg/b.w/day) orally after one week of alloxan administration. After 30 days, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological analysis, respectively. Glomerular damage markers, including creatinine, serum urea, urine creatinine and urine urea levels were estimated. Creatinine clearance was also assessed. Oxidative stress parameters were assessed in the kidney homogenate.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Alloxan-exposure resulted in significant increase in blood glucose and serum level of glomerular damage markers. The antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly downregulated associated with an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level over the baseline values. aqueous extract supplementation significantly improved the studied parameters. In concluding, the results obtained suggests that aqueous extract supplementation reduces alloxan-induced free radical generation, potentiates the antioxidant defense system and alleviates renal sensitivity to oxidative stress.
PubMed: 33511062
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.01.001 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2020Carveol is a natural drug product present in the essential oils of orange peel, dill, and caraway seeds. The seed oil of has been reported to be antioxidant,...
BACKGROUND
Carveol is a natural drug product present in the essential oils of orange peel, dill, and caraway seeds. The seed oil of has been reported to be antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, and hepatoprotective.
METHODS
The antidiabetic potential of carveol was investigated by employing , and approaches. Moreover, alpha-amylase inhibitory assay and an alloxan-induced diabetes model were used for and analysis, respectively.
RESULTS
Carveol showed its maximum energy values (≥ -7 Kcal/mol) against sodium-glucose co-transporter, aldose reductase, and sucrose-isomaltase intestinal, whereas it exhibited intermediate energy values (≥ -6 Kcal/mol) against C-alpha glucosidase, glycogen synthase kinases-3β, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and other targets according to analysis. Similarly, carveol showed lower energy values (≥ 6.4 Kcal/mol) against phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glycogen synthase kinase-3β. The assay demonstrated that carveol inhibits alpha-amylase activity concentration-dependently. Carveol attenuated the alloxan-induced (1055.8 µMol/Kg) blood glucose level in a dose- and time-dependent manner (days 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12), compared to the diabetic control group, and further, these results are comparable with the metformin positive control group. Carveol at 394.1 µMol/Kg improved oral glucose tolerance overload in rats compared to the hyperglycemic diabetic control group. Moreover, carveol also attenuated the glycosylated hemoglobin level along with mediating anti-hyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective effects in alloxan-induced diabetic animals.
CONCLUSIONS
This study reveals that carveol exhibited binding affinity against different targets involved in diabetes and has antidiabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and hepatoprotective actions.
PubMed: 32848717
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00919 -
Archives of Razi Institute Jun 2022Natural toxins have been traditionally used to trigger several diseases among which bee venom (HBV) is of great importance. The present study aimed to investigate the...
Natural toxins have been traditionally used to trigger several diseases among which bee venom (HBV) is of great importance. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of honeybee venom (HBV) on alloxan and glucose fluid-induced Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, a total of 20 adult laboratory male mice () were selected, acclimated, and divided into four equal groups (n=5). Initially, 15 mice were fasted for 12 hrs and injected with alloxan at a single dose of 150 mg/kg of body weight. The animals were exposed to drinking glucose fluid in the morning for 4 days. Then, the blood glucose was measured. The studied animals having blood glucose of ≤200 mg/dl were considered non-diabetic and re-subjected to injecting alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight) and drinking glucose fluid for another 4 days. Four groups of mice population included, Group 1: non-diabetic and untreated with HBV, Group 2: diabetic and received no HBV as the potential therapeutic agent, Group 3: diabetic and received a low level of HBV at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, Group 4: diabetic and received a high level of HBV at a dose of 1 mg/kg. At the end of the 35-day testing period, blood samples were tested to determine the levels of insulin, glucose, and lipid profiles [cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)] using Sandwich ELISA kits. The results indicated a significant increase in blood glucose in the diabetic group compared to that of the control one, while both concentrations of HBV significantly reduced the level of blood glucose compared to that of the diabetic group. Furthermore, the level of insulin was significantly decreased in the diabetic group compared to that of the controls, while HBV significantly increased the level of insulin compared to that of the diabetic group. Moreover, the diabetic mice demonstrated a significant increase in the concentration of cholesterol and TG compared to that of control mice which were significantly reversed in response to HBV treatment. The level of HDL was significantly decreased in the diabetic group compared to that of the control group which was modulated by treatment, while no significant differences were seen between all the studied groups regarding the level of LDL. Histological examination of diabetic mice revealed a significant alteration in acinar cells and destruction of β-cells of pancreatic sections with marked lacerations in the liver extended to all structures of the organ. The present study concluded that HBV could be a potential therapeutic agent to prevent and manage diabetes and its complication.
Topics: Animals; Male; Mice; Alloxan; Bee Venoms; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulins; Liver; Pancreas
PubMed: 36618290
DOI: 10.22092/ARI.2022.357385.2025 -
Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2020Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disease, is a major health concern today throughout the world. Callistemon lanceolatus (Myrtaceae), commonly known as bottlebrush, has...
Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disease, is a major health concern today throughout the world. Callistemon lanceolatus (Myrtaceae), commonly known as bottlebrush, has been used by Indian tribal communities for the treatment of many diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential of methanolic and aqueous extracts of the stem of C. lanceolatus in vitro and in vivo. Phytoconstituents of C. lanceolatus stem were extracted in methanol and water sequentially followed by phytochemical analysis. The in vitro antioxidant potential of aqueous and methanolic extracts was assessed by metal ion chelating, free radical scavenging, and reducing power assays. The in vivo antihyperglycemic activity of the oral methanolic extract was studied in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Bodyweight and blood glucose were monitored regularly. After the treatment period, serum was examined for total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), bilirubin, creatinine, urea, glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Methanolic extract exhibited superior antioxidant activity to aqueous extract. A marked increase in levels of serum markers, viz., glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, SGOT, SGPT, and ALP along with a reduction in HDL was observed in diabetic rats. Methanol extract treatment for 28 days accounted for a decrease in blood glucose and other metabolic markers accompanied by an improvement in body weight and HDL level in hyperglycemic rats. The present study suggests that methanolic stem extract possesses antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activities and has potential as a therapeutic agent in diabetes.
PubMed: 32143382
DOI: 10.3390/medicines7030011 -
Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic... Jun 2022is commonly used in traditional medical practices for the management of diseases like diabetes and its complications. This study seeks to establish a scientific...
BACKGROUND
is commonly used in traditional medical practices for the management of diseases like diabetes and its complications. This study seeks to establish a scientific rationale for this practice.
METHODS
Thirty Wistar rats were randomly and equally grouped into six. Alloxan was used to induce diabetes in the rats in groups 2 to 6. The diabetic rats in group 2 were treated with glibenclamide, while those in group 3 were not treated. Also, the diabetic rats in groups 4, 5 and 6 were, respectively, treated with the ethanol extracts of the stem, root and leaf of . After 28 days of treatment, blood and organ samples were collected for biochemical studies.
RESULTS
possesses high amounts of useful phytochemicals. It also exhibits high total reducing capacity, FRAP activity, DPPH and ABTS scavenging ability. The inhibition of the α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities by the methanol extracts of stem, leaf and root were significantly ( < 0.05) higher than that of glibenclamide. Administration of extracts to the alloxan-induced diabetic rats caused significant ( < 0.05) decreases in the blood glucose, total bilirubin, AST, ALT, and ALP of the treated groups as compared to that of the untreated group. Treatment with the extracts also resulted in significantly ( < 0.05) lower LPO and significantly ( < 0.05) higher levels of GSH, SOD and CAT.
CONCLUSION
extracts exhibited antioxidative, hepatoprotective and hypoglycaemic properties which are similar to that of the standard drug, glibenclamide.
PubMed: 35673515
DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01029-9