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Frontiers in Oral Health 2021DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and the histone modification H3K9ac are epigenetic markers. This study aimed to describe the immunohistochemical expression of DNMT1,...
DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and the histone modification H3K9ac are epigenetic markers. This study aimed to describe the immunohistochemical expression of DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, and H3K9ac in the dental follicle (DF), ameloblastoma (AME), and ameloblastic carcinoma (AC), correlating these expressions with the recurrence and aggressive behavior in ameloblastoma. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed in 10 human DFs, 38 ameloblastomas, and 6 AC samples. Another 59 ameloblastomas assembled in a tissue microarray were used to compare the immunoexpression with the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological characteristics and the presence of BRAFv600e mutation. Each slide was digitized as a high-resolution image and quantified by Aperio ScanScope Nuclear V9 software. All statistical analyzes were performed using GraphPad Prism statistical software. DNMT3B expression was higher in ameloblastomas than in the DFs, while the AC overexpressed all proteins. The ameloblastomas with BRAFv600e mutation, vestibular/lingual, or vestibular/palatine bone cortical disruption and maxilla involvement showed DNMT1 overexpression, while recurrent cases had high DNMT3B levels. DNA methylation and histone modification might play a role in the development, clinical aggressiveness, and recurrence rates of ameloblastoma, such as the progression to AC. Further investigation about gene methylations in ameloblastomas is needed to better understand its relationship with aggressiveness and recurrence.
PubMed: 35048062
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.751162 -
Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine :... Aug 2022To investigate and compare the demographic data, occurrence of recurrence and metastasis, and survival prognosis between ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) and metastasizing... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To investigate and compare the demographic data, occurrence of recurrence and metastasis, and survival prognosis between ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) and metastasizing ameloblastoma (MA), based on appropriate and currently accepted eligible diagnostic criteria, in a systematic review of the literature.
METHODS
An electronic search was undertaken, last updated in December 2021. Eligibility criteria included publications having enough clinicopathological information to confirm the diagnosis of these tumors.
RESULTS
Seventy-seven publications reporting 85 ACs and 43 MAs were included. Both tumors were more frequent in mandible and showed different clinical profiles regarding patients' sex and age. There was no difference in the estimated cumulative survival between patients diagnosed with these tumors. Metastases mainly affected the lungs, followed by cervical lymph nodes. The mean time between the first metastasis and the last follow-up was higher for MA (p = 0.021). In addition, MA patients remained alive longer than AC patients after the first metastasis diagnosis (p = 0.041). Considering only the cases that metastasized, a higher ratio of AC patients died in comparison to MA patients (p = 0.003). The occurrence of recurrence was associated with a conservative primary treatment with both AC (p < 0.001) and MA tumors (p = 0.017). Multiple recurrent events were associated with conservative primary therapies with MA (p < 0.001) but not with AC (p = 0.121).
CONCLUSION
In addition to some demographic differences, ACs that metastasize present a worse prognosis than MA. As conservative procedures are associated with multiple recurrent events, this treatment modality should be avoided for both tumors.
Topics: Ameloblastoma; Carcinoma; Humans; Mandible; Mandibular Neoplasms; Odontogenic Tumors
PubMed: 35822408
DOI: 10.1111/jop.13334 -
BMJ Case Reports Dec 2021Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare malignant odontogenic neoplasm that exhibits diverse clinical and radiological presentations. In fact there are several differential...
Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare malignant odontogenic neoplasm that exhibits diverse clinical and radiological presentations. In fact there are several differential diagnoses during histopathological evaluation too. Lack of adequate reports could not establish the predominant demographic, clinical and radiological presentations. For the same reasons, the role of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy is also unsubstantiated yet. This case discusses the innocuous clinical and radiological presentation of ameloblastic carcinoma in a 55-year-old man where the diagnostic confirmation was achieved through histopathological evaluation. The differential diagnoses, treatment and follow-up details of this case are discussed in light of the previous published case reports and systematic reviews of case reports in an attempt to increase the sensitisation among dentists towards ameloblastic carcinoma.
Topics: Ameloblastoma; Carcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Mandibular Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Odontogenic Tumors
PubMed: 34906959
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246907 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Nov 2020Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is an odontogenic malignant tumor which is closely related to benign ameloblastoma. Because of its rarity, diagnosis and treatment are...
BACKGROUND
Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is an odontogenic malignant tumor which is closely related to benign ameloblastoma. Because of its rarity, diagnosis and treatment are difficult. In this study, we summarized and analyzed the clinical and biological characteristics of AC.
RESULTS
Fifteen patients with AC and a median age of 53 years were identified. Among of them, five patients who were tested carried a BRAF-V600E mutation. Two patients presented with cervical lymph nodes and lung metastases. Primary AC was more invasive, and the bone destruction ability of the primary type was more radical than that of the secondary type.
CONCLUSIONS
This study revealed that the BRAF-V600E mutation was related to the aggressive behavior of AC, and early radical resection is crucial. Moreover, targeted therapy may be a new direction in the future.
Topics: Ameloblastoma; Carcinoma; Humans; Middle Aged; Odontogenic Tumors
PubMed: 33176823
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01603-5 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... Feb 2022Malignant odontogenic neoplasms are extremely challenging to study due to their rarity and variable clinical presentations. Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is one such...
Malignant odontogenic neoplasms are extremely challenging to study due to their rarity and variable clinical presentations. Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is one such odontogenic tumor which has been the subject of controversy, in part because of its scarcity, complicated by confusion in terminology along with complexity in classification. Histologic features of AC resemble tumor cells of ameloblastoma but exhibit cellular atypia. Surgical resection for this kind of lesion, leaving at least a 2 cm free margin coupled with neoadjuvant radiotherapy, might prove fruitful results. The current paper reports a case of an extraosseous variant of AC which posed a diagnostic challenge due to variable presentations histopathologically, suggesting the need for evidence-based case studies and molecular workup for a better therapeutic and prognostic insight.
PubMed: 35450254
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_378_21 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... May 2022Ameloblastic carcinoma is a malignant odontogenic neoplasm that has been reported only rarely in veterinary species. A 16-y-old Arabian crossbred mare was presented for... (Review)
Review
Ameloblastic carcinoma is a malignant odontogenic neoplasm that has been reported only rarely in veterinary species. A 16-y-old Arabian crossbred mare was presented for evaluation of a hard mass on the body of the mandible, with evidence of osteolysis on radiographs. Incisional biopsies revealed an invasive neoplasm comprised of spindloid epithelial cells with a high mitotic count and partial dual cytokeratin-vimentin immunoreactivity. The horse was euthanized because of rapid tumor progression 3 mo after presentation. Postmortem evaluation revealed partial obliteration of the mandible by a large, firm-to-hard, tan, locally destructive and invasive mass with no gross or histologic evidence of metastasis. Postmortem histology revealed a poorly differentiated epithelial neoplasm with variably prominent features suggestive of odontogenic histogenesis: a plexiform ribbon architecture, infrequent basilar palisading with antibasilar nuclei, rare basilar cytoplasmic clearing, subepithelial matrix hyalinization, and partial dual cytokeratin-vimentin immunoreactivity. Features of malignancy included regions of necrosis, pronounced cellular atypia, a high mitotic count, extensive tissue invasion and local tissue destruction, and extension of neoplastic cells beyond the margins of the mandibular bone. Collectively, these features are most consistent with mandibular ameloblastic carcinoma. Including our case described here, ameloblastic carcinoma has been reported in only 5 horses. The microscopic features reported most consistently are dual cytokeratin-vimentin immunoreactivity, a high mitotic count, and basilar palisading. Ameloblastic carcinoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for rapidly growing, locally invasive masses arising from the dentate jaw of horses.
Topics: Ameloblastoma; Animals; Carcinoma; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Keratins; Mandibular Neoplasms; Odontogenic Tumors; Vimentin
PubMed: 35037545
DOI: 10.1177/10406387211068459 -
Head and Neck Pathology Mar 2023Homeobox genes play crucial roles in tooth morphogenesis and development and thus mutations in homeobox genes cause developmental disorders such as odontogenic lesions.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Homeobox genes play crucial roles in tooth morphogenesis and development and thus mutations in homeobox genes cause developmental disorders such as odontogenic lesions. The aim of this scoping review is to identify and compile available data from the literatures on the topic of homeobox gene expression in odontogenic lesions.
METHOD
An electronic search to collate all the information on studies on homeobox gene expression in odontogenic lesions was carried out in four databases (PubMed, EBSCO host, Web of Science and Cochrane Library) with selected keywords. All papers which reported expression of homeobox genes in odontogenic lesions were considered.
RESULTS
A total of eleven (11) papers describing expression of homeobox genes in odontogenic lesions were identified. Methods of studies included next generation sequencing, microarray analysis, RT-PCR, Western blotting, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. The homeobox reported in odontogenic lesions includes LHX8 and DLX3 in odontoma; PITX2, MSX1, MSX2, DLX, DLX2, DLX3, DLX4, DLX5, DLX6, ISL1, OCT4 and HOX C in ameloblastoma; OCT4 in adenomatoid odontogenic tumour; PITX2 and MSX2 in primordial odontogenic tumour; PAX9 and BARX1 in odontogenic keratocyst; PITX2, ZEB1 and MEIS2 in ameloblastic carcinoma while there is absence of DLX2, DLX3 and MSX2 in clear cell odontogenic carcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS
This paper summarized and reviews the possible link between homeobox gene expression in odontogenic lesions. Based on the current available data, there are insufficient evidence to support any definite role of homeobox gene in odontogenic lesions.
Topics: Humans; Genes, Homeobox; Homeodomain Proteins; Transcription Factors; Ameloblastoma; Odontogenic Tumors; Carcinoma; Odontogenic Cysts
PubMed: 36344906
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01481-2 -
Archives of Iranian Medicine Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Odontogenic Tumors; Immunohistochemistry; Carcinoma; Mandibular Neoplasms
PubMed: 37543901
DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.119 -
Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 2022Ameloblastic carcinoma is a locally aggressive odontogenic tumor that most commonly affects young and middle-aged adults. Metastatic disease may develop insidiously and...
Ameloblastic carcinoma is a locally aggressive odontogenic tumor that most commonly affects young and middle-aged adults. Metastatic disease may develop insidiously and manifest months or years after the initial diagnosis. Herein, we describe the clinical, imaging, and pathologic findings of a 31-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with headache and vision loss of 3 months duration and was subsequently found to have ameloblastic carcinoma with hepatic metastases. Initial computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a multilocular cystic mass with avidly-enhancing nodular soft-tissue components associated with the right temporal fossa. Histologic examination of a tissue sample showed findings consistent with ameloblastic carcinoma. An initial staging CT scan showed several small hepatic cystic lesions. Follow-up surveillance imaging showed interval growth. A subsequent biopsy of a hepatic lesion showed findings compatible with metastatic ameloblastic carcinoma. The patient was started on systemic chemotherapy with evidence of disease progression at 1-year follow-up.
PubMed: 36601607
DOI: 10.25259/JCIS_115_2022