-
Acta Neurologica Taiwanica Sep 2023Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the most common type of lymphoma, and its extranodal manifestation is rare. Skeletal muscle involvement is noted in only 1.1% of patients...
PURPOSE
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the most common type of lymphoma, and its extranodal manifestation is rare. Skeletal muscle involvement is noted in only 1.1% of patients with NHL. Here, we present a case of high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL); it infiltrated the left neural foramina from the left psoas muscle before encroaching on the whole spinal canal and subsequently invading the contralateral neural foramina from T12 to L3.
CASE REPORT
A 43-year-old man with HGBL who could function independently presented with numbness and weakness of the left thigh 2 months after a diagnosis of infiltrative lymphoma in the left psoas muscle. His symptoms were urine incontinence and unsteady gait. A neurological examination revealed weakness in the left psoas and quadriceps with hyporeflexia and hypesthesia. Lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed intraspinal extradural invasion from T12 to L3 with multiple left-sided root compression despite the resolution of primary psoas lymphoma. At 6 weeks after symptom onset, his symptoms progressed to weakness, numbness, and hyporeflexia of the bilateral lower extremities with preserved anal sensation. Follow- up MRI revealed the progression of intraspinal invasion, which spread through the spinal canal and invaded the contralateral neural foramina from T12 to L3. The patient was finally bound to a wheelchair.
CONCLUSION
Clinicians must check for possible intraspinal involvement in patients with HGBL, particularly patients with known paraspinal soft-tissue involvement. The resolved infiltration of the soft tissue does not preclude the possibility of further neurological involvement. Additionally, MRI may provide higher resolution findings for clarifying the structure of the neural foramina and thecal sac. Keyword: Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, high-grade B-cell lymphoma, plexopathy.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Hypesthesia; Reflex, Abnormal; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Data Compression; Lymphoma, B-Cell
PubMed: 37674424
DOI: No ID Found -
Preventive Veterinary Medicine Nov 2022Food selection is an area of dog ownership where owners have direct control over their pet's wellbeing. While commercial cooked complete foods remain the majority...
INTRODUCTION
Food selection is an area of dog ownership where owners have direct control over their pet's wellbeing. While commercial cooked complete foods remain the majority component of many dog diets, there is increasing interest in alternative options including natural and raw ingredients. This study aimed to provide further data regarding feeding practices and diet choice for UK dog owners with a focus on raw meat diets.
METHODS
An online survey available to all UK dog owners and advertised through sources including social media and at Crufts was conducted from February to March 2020. Feeding practices and diet choice were assessed, and owners were categorised as either feeding a raw meat diet (RMD) or non-raw diet (NRMD) based on their responses. Descriptive, univariable and multivariable data analyses were undertaken to determine dog and owner factors associated with feeding RMD, and thematic analysis was undertaken on free-text responses.
RESULTS
A total of 1831 owners completed the survey (915 RMD, 916 NRMD) detailing information for 3212 dogs (1754 RMD, 1458 NRMD). Dog breed (German Shepherd), Border Collie, Crossbreed (p < 0.001), entire neuter status (p < 0.001) and younger age (p 0.022) were associated with RMD feeding. RMD-feeding owners were likely to own > 1 dog (p < 0.001). RMD-feeding owners were more likely to cite a 'more natural' diet as a reason for their diet choice, and less likely to cite 'advice from a veterinary professional' compared to those who fed NRMD (p < 0.001). They were more likely to seek dietary advice from social media, friends/family and breeders rather than a veterinary surgeon/nurse (p < 0.001). RMD-feeding owners perceived their diet choice to provide a wide range of health benefits, including for coat health, oral hygiene, general digestive system health, anal sac clearance, mobility, performance and behaviour, and perceived NRMD as a health risk for most of these health factors (p < 0.001). NRMD-feeding owners perceived RMD to be a risk for bone splinters and foreign bodies (p < 0.001). RMD-feeding owners did not perceive diet to be a risk to their dog, themselves or in-contact dogs or people. In contrast, NRMD-feeding owners perceived the opposite (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Factors affecting dog food selection are multifactorial and complex, with owners who feed RMD and those who feed NRMD having differing views. Further research regarding benefits and risks of different diets is required, however it remains vital that communication regarding the public health risks of RMD is seen as credible to owners and disseminated in a way that reaches the desired audience.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Animal Feed; Food Preferences; Diet; Meat; Meals; Surveys and Questionnaires; United Kingdom
PubMed: 35994979
DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105741 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023A 9-year-old, spayed female, mixed-breed dog was initially presented for evaluation of chronic dermatitis on the nasal planum, where a clitoral mass was discovered as an...
A 9-year-old, spayed female, mixed-breed dog was initially presented for evaluation of chronic dermatitis on the nasal planum, where a clitoral mass was discovered as an incidental finding during the exam. No further investigation of the clitoral mass was undertaken due to other significant dermal lesions and the lack of clinical significance of the mass at the time. However, ~1 month later, the dog was presented to the Emergency Service for bleeding from the vulva. The clitoral mass was found to have prolapsed; the mass was manually reduced back into a position within the vulvar folds and maintained with a purse-string suture. The dog was referred to the Theriogenology Service for further investigation and removal. On follow-up evaluation, the mass was noted to be multi-lobulated, ulcerated, cystic, and involving the clitoris but not the urethra. The urethra was easily catheterized, and no urinary abnormalities were found. No evidence of lymph node metastasis or hypercalcemia was noted prior to surgery. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the anal sacs was normal. The mass was removed, and histopathologic evaluation revealed a primary clitoral adenocarcinoma. On recheck evaluation, after 1 month, no evidence of metastasis or local recurrence was observed. Clitoral adenocarcinoma is a rarely reported neoplasm of the canine genital tract that shares many clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features with canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma. This case adds to the available knowledge on the condition, specifically regarding the frequency of complications such as hypercalcemia and metastasis, as previous reports suggest that these are present at least 50% of the time.
PubMed: 37841455
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1264538 -
PloS One 2019In social animals, scent secretions and marking behaviors play critical roles in communication, including intraspecific signals, such as identifying individuals and...
In social animals, scent secretions and marking behaviors play critical roles in communication, including intraspecific signals, such as identifying individuals and group membership, as well as interspecific signaling. Anal sacs are an important odor producing organ found across the carnivorans (species in the mammalian Order Carnivora). Secretions from the anal sac may be used as chemical signals by animals for behaviors ranging from defense to species recognition to signaling reproductive status. In addition, a recent study suggests that domestic cats utilize short-chain free fatty acids in anal sac secretions for individual recognition. The fermentation hypothesis is the idea that symbiotic microorganisms living in association with animals contribute to odor profiles used in chemical communication and that variation in these chemical signals reflects variation in the microbial community. Here we examine the fermentation hypothesis by characterizing volatile organic compounds (VOC) and bacteria isolated from anal sac secretions collected from a male Bengal cat (Felis catus × Prionailurus bengalensis), a cross between the domestic cat and the leopard cat. Both left and right anal sacs of a male Bengal cat were manually expressed (emptied) and collected. Half of the material was used to culture bacteria or to extract bacterial DNA and the other half was used for VOC analysis. DNA was extracted from the anal sac secretions and used for a 16S rRNA gene PCR amplification and sequencing based characterization of the microbial community. Additionally, some of the material was plated out in order to isolate bacterial colonies. Three taxa (Bacteroides fragilis, Tessaracoccus, and Finegoldia magna) were relatively abundant in the 16S rRNA gene sequence data and also isolated by culturing. Using Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we tentatively identified 52 compounds from the Bengal cat anal sac secretions and 67 compounds from cultures of the three bacterial isolates chosen for further analysis. Among 67 compounds tentatively identified from bacterial isolates, 51 were also found in the anal sac secretion. We show that the bacterial community in the anal sac consists primarily of only a few abundant taxa and that isolates of these taxa produce numerous volatiles that are found in the combined anal sac volatile profile. Several of these volatiles are found in anal sac secretions from other carnivorans, and are also associated with known bacterial biosynthesis pathways. This is consistent with the fermentation hypothesis and the possibility that the anal sac is maintained at least in part to house bacteria that produce volatiles for the host.
Topics: Anal Sacs; Animal Communication; Animals; Bacteria; Cats; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Metagenomics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 31518350
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216846 -
BMC Veterinary Research Feb 2020The Chihuahua, the world's smallest dog breed, is a popular breed in the UK today. The VetCompass™ Programme collates de-identified clinical records from primary-care...
BACKGROUND
The Chihuahua, the world's smallest dog breed, is a popular breed in the UK today. The VetCompass™ Programme collates de-identified clinical records from primary-care veterinary practices in the UK for epidemiological research. This study aimed to characterise the demography, age at death and common disorders of Chihuahuas under primary veterinary care during 2016 in the UK.
RESULTS
Chihuahuas comprised 11,647/336,865 (3.46%) dogs under veterinary care during 2016. The annual proportional birth rate for Chihuahuas rose from 1.01% in 2005 to 5.35% in 2016. Median adult bodyweight was 3.4 kg (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.7-4.3, range 0.8-9.8).). Median age was 2.8 years (interquartile range [IQR] 1.6-4.9). Median age at death from this young expanding population was 8.2 years (IQR 3.5-12.1). Females (10.2 years) outlived males (6.9 years) (Mann-Whitney U test: P = 0.005). The most common grouped causes of death were heart disease (18.8%, 95% CI: 10.9-29.0), lower respiratory tract disorder (16.3%, 95% CI: 8.9-26.2) and traumatic injury (13.8%, 95% CI: 7.1-23.3). The most common specific disorders were periodontal disease (13.5%, 95% CI: 12.6-14.4), obesity (5.9%, 95% CI: 5.3-6.5), retained deciduous dentition (5.7%, 95% CI: 5.1-6.4), anal sac impaction (4.9%, 95% CI: 4.4-5.5) and aggression (4.2%, 95% CI: 3.7-4.8). Among the 28 most common fine-level disorders, males had statistically (P < 0.005) higher probability than females for 5 disorders (aggression, heart murmur, otitis externa, conjunctivitis and upper respiratory tract infection). There were no disorders with statistically (P < 0.005) higher prevalence in females.
CONCLUSIONS
This study documented rising ownership and a currently youthful population of Chihuahuas in the UK. These results suggest that the Chihuahua is currently undergoing a popularity boom but veterinarians need to be watchful for welfare issues related to impulse purchase of Chihuahua puppies by owners with limited experience of dog care. Periodontal disease, obesity, retained deciduous dentition, anal sac impaction and aggression were identified as common health issues within the breed. The unique veterinary care needs of this popular miniature breed suggest that veterinarians should consider the value of advanced training in anesthesia and dentistry in small-sized dogs.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Body Size; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Male; Ownership; United Kingdom
PubMed: 32046714
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-2258-1 -
Canine Medicine and Genetics May 2023The English Cocker Spaniel (ECS) is a common family dog in the UK. This study aimed to describe demography, morbidity, and mortality in ECS under primary veterinary care...
BACKGROUND
The English Cocker Spaniel (ECS) is a common family dog in the UK. This study aimed to describe demography, morbidity, and mortality in ECS under primary veterinary care in the UK during 2016 using data from the VetCompass™ Programme. This study hypothesised that the prevalence of aggression is higher in male than female ECS, and higher in solid-coloured than bi-coloured ECS.
RESULTS
English Cocker Spaniels comprised 10,313/336,865 (3.06%) of dogs under primary veterinary care during 2016. The median age was 4.57 years (inter-quartile range (IQR) 2.25-8.01) and the median adult bodyweight was 15.05 kg (IQR 13.12-17.35). The annual proportional birth rate was relatively stable between 2.97-3.51% from 2005-2016. The most common specific diagnoses were periodontal disease (n = 486, prevalence 20.97%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 19.31-22.62), otitis externa (n = 234, 10.09%, 95% CI: 8.87-11.32), obesity (n = 229, 9.88%, 95% CI: 8.66-11.09), anal sac impaction (n = 187, 8.07%, 95% CI: 6.96-9.18), diarrhoea (n = 113, 4.87%, 95% CI: 4.00-5.75), and aggression (n = 93, 4.01%, 95% CI: 3.21-4.81). The prevalence of aggression was higher in males (4.95%) than in females (2.87%) (P = 0.015) and in solid-coloured (7.00%) than in bi-coloured dogs (3.66%) (P = 0.010). The median age at death was 11.44 years (IQR 9.46-13.47) and the most common grouped causes of death were neoplasia (n = 10, 9.26%, 95% CI: 3.79-14.73), mass-associated disorders (n = 9, 8.33%, 95% CI: 4.45-15.08), and collapse (n = 8, 7.41%, 95% CI: 3.80-13.94).
CONCLUSIONS
Periodontal disease, otitis externa, and obesity are identified as the most common health issues for ECS, and neoplasia and mass-associated disorders as the most common reasons for death. The prevalence of aggression was higher in males and solid-coloured dogs. The results can aid veterinarians in giving evidence-based health and breed choice information to dog owners and highlights the importance of thorough oral examination and body condition score evaluation during routine veterinary examination of ECS.
PubMed: 37202773
DOI: 10.1186/s40575-023-00128-x -
Radiology Case Reports Aug 2021A 40-year-old female (gravida 3 para 1) presented with menstrual, urinary, and anal pain. Computed tomography revealed type II acquired uterine arteriovenous...
A 40-year-old female (gravida 3 para 1) presented with menstrual, urinary, and anal pain. Computed tomography revealed type II acquired uterine arteriovenous malformation, a common dilated venous sac with bilateral uterine arteries, and multiple branches of iliac arteries draining to the bilateral ovarian veins. Venous sac transvenous embolization via the left ovarian vein of dominant outflow was planned, since complete arteriovenous malformation occlusion was difficult with super-selective transarterial embolization of multiple feeders. Therefore, transarterial embolization of the minor feeder was performed before completing transvenous embolization using coils and 50% glue under left iliac artery flow control. Immediately thereafter, angiography confirmed the complete disappearance of the uterine arteriovenous malformation, and all pain symptoms remitted. In conclusion, transvenous embolization combined with adjunctive transarterial embolization can be an effective and radical treatment for type II uterine arteriovenous malformations.
PubMed: 34158882
DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.05.013 -
Open Veterinary Journal 2021Electrochemotherapy (ECT) combines the administration of anticancer drugs with the delivery of electric pulses, thus increasing the drug uptake through the cell...
BACKGROUND
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) combines the administration of anticancer drugs with the delivery of electric pulses, thus increasing the drug uptake through the cell membranes, resulting in increased efficacy.
AIM
The aim of our study was to describe the tolerability and efficacy of ECT alone or in association with other treatment modalities for the management of apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASAC).
METHODS
Medical records of dogs with a diagnosis of AGASAC that were treated with ECT alone or in combination with surgery/chemotherapy were retrospectively evaluated. Each dog received 20 mg/m of bleomycin intravenously. Based on the clinician's decision, the primary tumor or tumor bed was also infiltrated with cisplatin at the dose of 0.5 mg/cm. Trains of permeabilizing biphasic electric pulses were then applied under general anesthesia.
RESULTS
Ten dogs were enrolled in the study. Of those 10 dogs, only one received ECT for treatment of microscopic local disease, while in six cases ECT was the only treatment modality. In three dogs, ECT was followed by systemic medical treatment. Six dogs (60%) had a partial response (PR), three dogs (30%) had stable disease, and one dog treated for microscopic disease did not show any sign of local relapse for 305 days after treatment, being still alive and in complete remission at the time of writing this article. The median time to progression was 303 days and the median survival time was 365 days. The treatment was well tolerated and local side effects were minimal. No systemic effects were documented.
CONCLUSION
This preliminary study suggests that ECT may be beneficial for dogs with AGASAC and could be a useful addition to the current therapeutic options in consideration of its low cost, limited toxicity, and ease of administration.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Anal Gland Neoplasms; Anal Sacs; Animals; Apocrine Glands; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Electrochemotherapy; Female; Male; Retrospective Studies; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 33898290
DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v11i1.15 -
Medical Image Analysis Apr 2021Graph convolution networks (GCN) have been successfully applied in disease prediction tasks as they capture interactions (i.e., edges and edge weights on the graph)...
Graph convolution networks (GCN) have been successfully applied in disease prediction tasks as they capture interactions (i.e., edges and edge weights on the graph) between individual elements. The interactions in existing works are constructed by fusing similarity between imaging information and distance between non-imaging information, whereas disregarding the disease status of those individuals in the training set. Besides, the similarity is being evaluated by computing the correlation distance between feature vectors, which limits prediction performance, especially for predicting significant memory concern (SMC) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In this paper, we propose three mechanisms to improve GCN, namely similarity-aware adaptive calibrated GCN (SAC-GCN), for predicting SMC and MCI. First, we design a similarity-aware graph using different receptive fields to consider disease status. The labelled subjects on the graph are only connected with those labelled subjects with the same status. Second, we propose an adaptive mechanism to evaluate similarity. Specifically, we construct initial GCN with evaluating similarity by using traditional correlation distance, then pre-train the initial GCN by using training samples and use it to score all subjects. Then, the difference between these scores replaces correlation distance to update similarity. Last, we devise a calibration mechanism to fuse functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) information into edges. The proposed method is tested on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method is useful to predict disease-induced deterioration and superior to other related algorithms, with a mean classification accuracy of 86.83% in our prediction tasks.
Topics: Algorithms; Alzheimer Disease; Calibration; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Humans; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 33388456
DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2020.101947 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Oct 2022The management of dural tears is important. While a massive dura can be repaired with absorbable suture lines, cerebrospinal fluid leakage can be attenuated by dural...
BACKGROUND
The management of dural tears is important. While a massive dura can be repaired with absorbable suture lines, cerebrospinal fluid leakage can be attenuated by dural sealant when an unintended tiny durotomy occurs intraoperatively. DuraSeal is often used because it can expand to seal tears. This case emphasizes the need for caution when DuraSeal is used as high expansion can cause complications following microlaminectomy.
CASE SUMMARY
A 77-year-old woman presented with L2/3 and L3/4 lateral recess stenosis. She underwent microlaminectomy, foraminal decompression, and disk height restoration using an IntraSPINE device. A tiny incident durotomy occurred intraoperatively and was sealed using DuraSeal. However, decreased muscle power, urinary incontinence, and absence of anal reflexes were observed postoperatively. Emergent magnetic resonance imaging revealed fluid collection causing thecal sac indentation and central canal compression. Surgical exploration revealed that the gel-like DuraSeal had entrapped the hematoma and, consequently, compressed the thecal sac and nerve roots. While we removed all DuraSeal and exposed the nerve root, the patient's neurological function did not recover postoperatively.
CONCLUSION
DuraSeal expansion must not be underestimated. Changes in neurological status require investigation for cauda equina syndrome due to expansion.
PubMed: 36338214
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i30.11178