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Small (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Jan 2021High-sensitivity detection of minute quantities or concentration variations of analytes of clinical importance is critical for biosensing to ensure accurate disease... (Review)
Review
High-sensitivity detection of minute quantities or concentration variations of analytes of clinical importance is critical for biosensing to ensure accurate disease diagnostics and reliable health monitoring. A variety of sensitivity-improving concepts have been proposed from chemical, physical, and biological perspectives. In this review, elements that are responsible for sensitivity enhancement are classified and discussed in accordance with their operating steps in a typical biosensing workflow that runs through sampling, analyte recognition, and signal transduction. With a focus on optical biosensing, exemplary sensitivity-improving strategies are introduced, which can be developed into "plug-and-play" modules for many current and future sensors, and discuss their mechanisms to enhance biosensing performance. Three major strategies are covered: i) amplification of signal transduction by polymerization and nanocatalysts, ii) diffusion-limit-breaking systems for enhancing sensor-analyte contact and subsequent analyte recognition by fluid-mixing and analyte-concentrating, and iii) combined approaches that utilize renal concentration at the sampling and recognition steps and chemical signal amplification at the signal transduction step.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Polymerization
PubMed: 33369864
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004988 -
Currents in Pharmacy Teaching & Learning Oct 2022Educators often find themselves in possession of large amounts of text-based materials, such as student reflections, narrative feedback, and assignments. While these... (Review)
Review
OUR SITUATION
Educators often find themselves in possession of large amounts of text-based materials, such as student reflections, narrative feedback, and assignments. While these materials can provide critical insight into topics of interest, they also require a substantial amount of time to read, interpret, and use. The purpose of this article is to describe and provide recommendations for text analytics.
METHODOLOGICAL LITERATURE REVIEW
An overview of text analytics is provided, including a brief history, common types of contemporary techniques, and the basic phases of text analytics. Several examples of common text analytics techniques are used to illustrate this approach.
OUR RECOMMENDATIONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Practical recommendations are provided to support the use of text analytics in pharmacy education. These recommendations include: (1) clarify the purpose of the text analytics; (2) ensure the research questions are relevant and grounded in the literature; (3) develop a processing strategy and create a dictionary; (4) explore various tools for analysis and visualization; (5) establish tolerance for error; (6) train, calibrate, and validate the analytic strategy; and (7) collaborate and equip yourself.
POTENTIAL IMPACT
Text analytics provide a systematic approach to generating information from text-based materials. Several benefits to this approach are apparent, such as improving the efficiency of analyzing text and elucidating new knowledge. Despite recent developments in text analytics techniques, limitations to this approach remain. Efforts to improve usability and accessibility of text analytics remain ongoing, and pharmacy educators should position their work within the context of these limitations.
Topics: Humans; Data Mining; Education, Pharmacy
PubMed: 36280557
DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2022.09.005 -
Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry... Jun 2023This review summarizes the current status of development in photoluminescent probes, multidimensional photoluminescence detection, and multivariate data analysis... (Review)
Review
This review summarizes the current status of development in photoluminescent probes, multidimensional photoluminescence detection, and multivariate data analysis methods. It then highlights reports featuring multivariate analysis of multidimensional measurements of photoluminescent probes published between June 2015 and June 2022, emphasizing work in the last 5 years. Important trends include the development of probe arrays, which provide fingerprint responses to the analyte(s) of interest and facilitate the analysis of complex samples; the application of neural networks and deep learning to pattern recognition and feature selection in photoluminescence images; and the application of multiway multivariate analysis to mining matrices, three-way arrays, and higher-order measurements, including hyperspectral intensity and lifetime images. These examples illustrate the increase in information extraction provided by the combination of multidimensional measurements and multivariate analysis.
PubMed: 37127054
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091522-033010 -
ACS Omega Dec 2022Despite a large amount of money being spent on both food analyses and control measures, various food-borne illnesses associated with pathogens, toxins, pesticides,... (Review)
Review
Despite a large amount of money being spent on both food analyses and control measures, various food-borne illnesses associated with pathogens, toxins, pesticides, adulterants, colorants, and other contaminants pose a serious threat to human health, and thus food safety draws considerable attention in the modern pace of the world. The presence of various biogenic amines in processed food have been frequently considered as the primary quality parameter in order to check food freshness and spoilage of protein-rich food. Various conventional detection methods for detecting hazardous analytes including microscopy, nucleic acid, and immunoassay-based techniques have been employed; however, recently, array-based sensing strategies are becoming popular for the development of a highly accurate and precise analytical method. Array-based sensing is majorly facilitated by the advancements in multivariate analytical techniques as well as machine learning-based approaches. These techniques allow one to solve the typical problem associated with the interpretation of the complex response patterns generated in array-based strategies. Consequently, the machine learning-based neural networks enable the fast, robust, and accurate detection of analytes using sensor arrays. Thus, for commercial applications, most of the focus has shifted toward the development of analytical methods based on electrical and chemical sensor arrays. Therefore, herein, we briefly highlight and review the recently reported array-based sensor systems supported by machine learning and multivariate analytics to monitor food safety and quality in the field of food forensics.
PubMed: 36591133
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05632 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2021The ability to stimulate mammalian cells with light, brought along by optogenetic control, has significantly broadened our understanding of electrically excitable... (Review)
Review
The ability to stimulate mammalian cells with light, brought along by optogenetic control, has significantly broadened our understanding of electrically excitable tissues. Backed by advanced (bio)materials, it has recently paved the way towards novel biosensing concepts supporting bio-analytics applications transversal to the main biomedical stream. The advancements concerning enabling biomaterials and related novel biosensing concepts involving optogenetics are reviewed with particular focus on the use of engineered cells for cell-based sensing platforms and the available toolbox (from mere actuators and reporters to novel multifunctional opto-chemogenetic tools) for optogenetic-enabled real-time cellular diagnostics and biosensor development. The key advantages of these modified cell-based biosensors concern both significantly faster (minutes instead of hours) and higher sensitivity detection of low concentrations of bioactive/toxic analytes (below the threshold concentrations in classical cellular sensors) as well as improved standardization as warranted by unified analytic platforms. These novel multimodal functional electro-optical label-free assays are reviewed among the key elements for optogenetic-based biosensing standardization. This focused review is a potential guide for materials researchers interested in biosensing based on light-responsive biomaterials and related analytic tools.
PubMed: 34361345
DOI: 10.3390/ma14154151 -
Computer Methods and Programs in... 2022COVID-19 has severely affected almost every aspect of society worldwide. During the uncertainties of this pandemic, COVID-19 vaccines were a new hope. In particular,...
COVID-19 has severely affected almost every aspect of society worldwide. During the uncertainties of this pandemic, COVID-19 vaccines were a new hope. In particular, Covid's monitoring of the information, big data analysis played a major role. What started as the basic use of big data analysis is the core component of worldly initiatives Therefore, based on enlightening experiences of big data application for fighting the pandemic, this research focuses on the ethical objectives to be promoted in vaccine delivery, assessing the potential effect of big data analytics on reaching these goals by enabling people to receive a digital passport or certificate.
PubMed: 35783471
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpbup.2022.100062 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2020Suitable immobilization of a biorecognition element, such as an antigen or antibody, on a transducer surface is essential for development of sensitive and analytically... (Review)
Review
Suitable immobilization of a biorecognition element, such as an antigen or antibody, on a transducer surface is essential for development of sensitive and analytically reliable immunosensors. In this review, we report on (1) methods of antibody prefunctionalization using electroactive probes, (2) methods for immobilization of such conjugates on the surfaces of electrodes in electrochemical immunosensor construction and (3) the use of antibody-electroactive probe conjugates as bioreceptors and sensor signal generators. We focus on different strategies of antibody functionalization using the redox active probes ferrocene (Fc), anthraquinone (AQ), thionine (Thi), cobalt(III) bipyridine (Co(bpy)), Ru(bpy) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In addition, new possibilities for antibody functionalization based on bioconjugation techniques are presented. We discuss strategies of specific, quantitative antigen detection based on (i) a sandwich format and (ii) a direct signal generation scheme. Further, the integration of different nanomaterials in the construction of these immunosensors is presented. Lastly, we report the use of a redox probe strategy in multiplexed analyte detection.
Topics: Antibodies; Antibodies, Immobilized; Antigens; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Ferrous Compounds; Immunoassay; Metallocenes; Nanostructures; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenothiazines
PubMed: 32260217
DOI: 10.3390/s20072014 -
Chemical Science Nov 2022Continuous efforts to produce functional nanomaterials and flexible/stretchable devices have promoted cumbersome, laboratorial, detection processes toward wearable and... (Review)
Review
Continuous efforts to produce functional nanomaterials and flexible/stretchable devices have promoted cumbersome, laboratorial, detection processes toward wearable and portable intelligent sensing approaches. Responding to the challenges of the multiple analytes, mixtures, and complex components of practical samples, sensing array and multivariate analysis techniques have a significant advantage in terms of superior analytical capabilities, , they are convenient, rapid, sensitive and have high-throughput for multi-analyte identification in food safety, clinical diagnoses, and environmental monitoring. Besides traditional molecular design and recognition mechanisms, materials with micro/nano structures also contribute to strong signals, sensitive responses, and novel properties. In this review, through a new perspective of signal amplification for responsive discrimination, we summarize progress in developing sensing arrays based on diverse micro/nanomaterials and their integrated devices for multi-analyte discrimination. An overview of strategies for constructing sensing arrays through various micro or nano building blocks, including 0D nanoparticle assembly and modification, 1D nanowires and fibers, 2D graphene and textiles, is schematized. Then, portable and wearable devices integrating colorimetric sensors or flexible electrochemical electrodes with the newest microelectronic units and circuit boards are presented. Meanwhile, the latest artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are introduced for massive data analysis in complex biological and environmental systems. With future developments in facile and accurate discrimination for multi-analyte research, extended applications will gear up in various fields.
PubMed: 36382296
DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03750e -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Sucrose is a primary metabolite in plants, a source of energy, a source of carbon atoms for growth and development, and a regulator of biochemical processes. Most of the... (Review)
Review
Sucrose is a primary metabolite in plants, a source of energy, a source of carbon atoms for growth and development, and a regulator of biochemical processes. Most of the traditional analytical chemistry methods for sucrose quantification in plants require sample treatment (with consequent tissue destruction) and complex facilities, that do not allow real-time sucrose quantification at ultra-low concentrations (nM to pM range) under in vivo conditions, limiting our understanding of sucrose roles in plant physiology across different plant tissues and cellular compartments. Some of the above-mentioned problems may be circumvented with the use of bio-compatible ligands for molecular recognition of sucrose. Nevertheless, problems such as the signal-noise ratio, stability, and selectivity are some of the main challenges limiting the use of molecular recognition methods for the in vivo quantification of sucrose. In this review, we provide a critical analysis of the existing analytical chemistry tools, biosensors, and synthetic ligands, for sucrose quantification and discuss the most promising paths to improve upon its limits of detection. Our goal is to highlight the criteria design need for real-time, in vivo, highly sensitive and selective sucrose sensing capabilities to enable further our understanding of living organisms, the development of new plant breeding strategies for increased crop productivity and sustainability, and ultimately to contribute to the overarching need for food security.
Topics: Sucrose; Carbon; Chemistry, Analytic; Crop Production; Recognition, Psychology
PubMed: 36502213
DOI: 10.3390/s22239511 -
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023Presented is a concentrated synopsis of facilities of empirical and virtual analytics that, once applied, have provided a fully new vision of amorphous carbons. This... (Review)
Review
Presented is a concentrated synopsis of facilities of empirical and virtual analytics that, once applied, have provided a fully new vision of amorphous carbons. This study proved that the solids are multilevel structures, started with the first-level basic structural units (BSUs) and accomplished as macroscopic agglomerates of globular structures, consisting, in its turn, of stacked BSUs. BSUs present necklaced graphene molecules, size, and shape of which are governed by the relevant graphene domains while chemical composition in addition to basic carbon is controlled with heteroatoms of the necklaces. This study shows that BSUs and stacks of BSUs determine the short-range order of the solids and are the main subject of the applied analytics. The synopsis consists of two parts related to empirical and virtual analytics. The former is composed of sections related to structural determination, total and atomic chemical content evaluation and elicitation of the covalent bond composition. The second presents new analytic approaches based on the Digital Twins concept and virtual vibrational spectrometry. The synopsis is configured as an atlas composed of generalized pictures accompanied with necessary explanations to be discussed in detail in the extended references.
PubMed: 37242064
DOI: 10.3390/nano13101648