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Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Aug 2019
PubMed: 30996191
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2657-19 -
European Review For Medical and... Jun 2023Anisakiasis is an arising zoonosis induced by parasitic nematodes belonging to the family Anisakidae. Anisakiasis is often caused by the ingestion of larval nematodes in... (Review)
Review
Anisakiasis is an arising zoonosis induced by parasitic nematodes belonging to the family Anisakidae. Anisakiasis is often caused by the ingestion of larval nematodes in uncooked or minimally processed seafood dishes, which are regularly consumed by humans. Significant potential sources of infection are raw fish (e.g., sushi and sashimi) that can be found in traditional Japanese cuisine and can be part of the culinary tradition of consumption of raw or marinated fish that is particularly diffused in European countries. During the last five decades, the global prevalence of human anisakiasis has been rising, becoming an emergent major public health problem. Thus, there is an unmet need for well-defined and cost-effective methods aimed at killing Anisakis larvae, thus reducing the incidence of anisakiasis. In this mini-review, we discuss the clinical features of anisakiasis as well as the effectiveness and mechanisms of action of the main methods employed for increasing seafood safety and killing Anisakis larvae, including freezing, heating, use of high hydrostatic pressure, salting process, pepsin digestion method and use of garlic oil.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Anisakis; Anisakiasis; Larva; Seafood; Fishes
PubMed: 37318499
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202306_32643 -
Journal of Nippon Medical School =... Jun 2024Anisakiasis is a parasitic infection affecting the human gastrointestinal tract. It is caused by the consumption of contaminated, raw or inadequately cooked fish or...
Anisakiasis is a parasitic infection affecting the human gastrointestinal tract. It is caused by the consumption of contaminated, raw or inadequately cooked fish or squid, which is typically used for making sushi and sashimi. Most cases involve gastric anisakiasis, whereas intestinal anisakiasis is rare. This report describes the case of a 63-year-old Japanese woman with a history of raw fish consumption who presented with acute-onset abdominal pain and vomiting. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) demonstrated thickened small bowel loops and ascites on the liver surface. The patient was admitted for supportive care. On the second day of hospitalization, contrast-enhanced abdominal CT revealed that the ascites had moved from the liver surface to the pouch of Douglas. On the fifth day of hospitalization, the patient was discharged with a substantial improvement in abdominal pain. Five days after the discharge, her eosinophil count was elevated, and parasitic disease was therefore suspected. Anti-Anisakis IgG/A and IgE (RAST) antibody levels were elevated, confirming the diagnosis of intestinal anisakiasis. A review of 51 reported cases of intestinal anisakiasis suggests that the presence of ascites and measurement of anti-Anisakis antibody titers are helpful for diagnosis in cases presenting with nonspecific abdominal symptoms after consumption of raw or undercooked fish.
PubMed: 38897944
DOI: 10.1272/jnms.JNMS.2025_92-401 -
Clinical Case Reports Sep 2020We present a unique image from a case of anisakiasis that was detected incidentally in an elderly man during surveillance esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Given the...
We present a unique image from a case of anisakiasis that was detected incidentally in an elderly man during surveillance esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Given the popularity of sushi and sashimi throughout the world, we believe that our observations will raise awareness about the risk of Anisakis contamination in seafood.
PubMed: 32983508
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2948 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Nematodes of the genus (Rhabditida, Anisakidae) are zoonotic fish-borne parasites and cause anisakiasis, a disease with mild to severe acute or chronic gastrointestinal...
Nematodes of the genus (Rhabditida, Anisakidae) are zoonotic fish-borne parasites and cause anisakiasis, a disease with mild to severe acute or chronic gastrointestinal and allergic symptoms and signs. Anisakiasis can potentially lead to misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis, and it has been suggested as a risk factor for gastrointestinal tumors. Here, we describe a case report of a 25-year-old woman who presented with gastrointestinal (abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea) and allergic (diffuse skin rash) symptoms and reported ingestion of raw fish contaminated by worms. Gastro and colon endoscopy allowed the visualization and removal of nematodes and collection of bioptic tissue from ulcers and polyps. The removed nematodes were molecularly identified as . The patient was treated with chlorphenamine maleate, betamethasone, omeprazole, paracetamol, albendazole. We conclude that an upper endoscopy matched with a colonoscopy and molecular characterization of the pathogen yields the most reliable diagnosis and treatment for human anisakiasis, enabling the complete removal of the larvae and preventing chronic inflammation and damage.
PubMed: 37764980
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091172 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Jul 2019
PubMed: 30918192
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2428-18 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Oct 2020A 61-year-old male with no relevant past medical history underwent a colonoscopy for routine screening of colorectal cancer. Colonoscopy revealed a pearly and hard...
A 61-year-old male with no relevant past medical history underwent a colonoscopy for routine screening of colorectal cancer. Colonoscopy revealed a pearly and hard submucosal lesion of less than 10 mm in diameter in the ascending colon, with normal mucosa. An abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scan was performed, which was normal. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed and the lesion appeared to originate from the muscularis propia. Thus, the muscularis propia and part of the serosa of the colonic wall were cut and the perforation was finally closed with hemoclips.
Topics: Anisakiasis; Colonoscopy; Colorectal Neoplasms; Dissection; Endoscopic Mucosal Resection; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32954766
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2020.6748/2019 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022: spp. third-stage larvae (L3) are the causative agents of human zoonosis called anisakiasis. The accidental ingestion of L3 can cause acute and chronic inflammation at...
: spp. third-stage larvae (L3) are the causative agents of human zoonosis called anisakiasis. The accidental ingestion of L3 can cause acute and chronic inflammation at the gastric, intestinal, or ectopic levels. Despite its relevance in public health, studies on pathogenetic mechanisms and parasite-human interplay are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the human inflammatory response to different vehicles of pathogenicity. : Human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells were exposed to L3 (the initial contact with the host), extracellular vesicles (EVs, -host communication), and crude extract (CE, the larval dying). The protein quantity and gene expression of two pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) were investigated using an ELISA test (6 h and 24 h) and a qReal-Time PCR (1 h, 6 h, and 24 h), respectively. : The L3 and EVs induced a downregulation in both the and gene expression and protein quantity. On the contrary, the CE stimulated IL-6 gene expression and its protein release, not affecting IL-8. : The Caco-2 cells seemed to not react to the exposure to the L3 and EVs, suggesting a parasite's immunomodulating action to remain alive in an inhospitable niche. Conversely, the dying larva (CE) could induce strong activation of the immune strategy of the host that, in vivo, would lead to parasite expulsion, eosinophilia, and/or granuloma formation.
PubMed: 36297271
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101214 -
Biomedica : Revista Del Instituto... Dec 2022Anisakiasis is a human parasitic disease caused by the consumption of raw fish or shellfish containing larvae of the Anisakidae family. It is currently considered an...
INTRODUCTION
Anisakiasis is a human parasitic disease caused by the consumption of raw fish or shellfish containing larvae of the Anisakidae family. It is currently considered an emerging disease of public health interest.
OBJECTIVE
To identify the presence of larvae of the Anisakidae family in samples of frozen raw fish fillets intended for human consumption in markets in Medellín and its metropolitan area in Antioquia, Colombia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional study was carried out, in which larvae of the Anisakidae family were detected and identified in frozen raw fish fillets from three representative markets in Medellín and its metropolitan area. A total of 384 ready for consumption fillets were analyzed (197 sawfish, 137 salmon, 37 tuna, and 13 hake), using the pressing and ultraviolet light method. Taxonomic keys were used to identify the collected parasites and to establish its genus. Conventional PCR and Sanger sequencing was performed to determine the species.
RESULTS
Four larvae were found in 4 of the 384 (1.04%) fillets (CI95% 1.04 ± 1.01%). The species of fish in which the larvae were found was sawfish (Scomberomorus spp.) and the genus and species of the larvae was established as Anisakis pegreffii.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the study, the presence of Anisakis parasites in frozen raw fish fillets in the influence area is evident.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Parasites; Cross-Sectional Studies; Anisakiasis; Anisakis; Fishes; Larva
PubMed: 36511669
DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6533 -
Surgical Case Reports Oct 2020Anisakiasis is a parasitic infection caused by Anisakis worms found in raw fish. Most cases of anisakiasis occur in the stomach and rarely occur in the intestine. It is...
BACKGROUND
Anisakiasis is a parasitic infection caused by Anisakis worms found in raw fish. Most cases of anisakiasis occur in the stomach and rarely occur in the intestine. It is extremely rare for live larvae to break through the intestine into the mesentery and cause severe intestinal ischemia. Anisakiasis can be treated conservatively, because the larvae will die in approximately 1 week, but, sometimes, a serious condition can arise, as in this case. We report the first case of extraluminal anisakiasis in which a live Anisakis worm caused severe intestinal ischemia.
CASE PRESENTATION
The patient was a 26-year-old woman who ate squid a week prior. She had abdominal pain and was admitted to our emergency department. On physical examination, abdominal guarding and rebound tenderness were present in her lower abdomen. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed ascites, the whirl sign, localized submucosal edema of the intestinal wall, and a dilated small bowel segment with edema. We suspected the strangulated small bowel obstruction based on the CT-scan findings. To rule out the strangulated small bowel obstruction, laparoscopic exploration was performed. Bloody ascites in the pouch of Douglas and severe inflammation in 20 cm of the ileum were observed. An Anisakis larva had perforated the intestinal wall and was found alive in the mesentery. The ileum had developed a high degree of ischemia, so the affected section was resected. Histopathological examination revealed that the Anisakis worm body was in the inflamed mesentery and caused a high degree of ischemia in the intestinal tract. The patient was discharged 9 days after surgery.
CONCLUSIONS
A living Anisakis larva punctured the mesentery of the small intestine, resulting in severe intestinal ischemia. As seen in this case, intestinal anisakiasis may cause serious symptoms, and a low threshold for performing diagnostic laparoscopy for the early diagnosis of bowel ischemia secondary to anisakiasis can be useful in determining the definite diagnosis and indications for resection.
PubMed: 33001287
DOI: 10.1186/s40792-020-01033-2