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Kardiologia Polska May 2020
Relationship among the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, systemic inflammation, and anisocytosis: a plausible pathophysiological mechanism of a novel cardiovascular risk marker.
Topics: Adiponectin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Inflammation; Leptin; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32458664
DOI: 10.33963/KP.15381 -
Tropical Medicine and Health Oct 2022Anaemia, anisocytosis, malnutrition (especially stunting) are common health problems in developing countries with children being the most vulnerable. These conditions...
Malnutrition, anaemia and anisocytosis as public health problems among children ≤ 5 years living in malaria perennial transmission areas of Mount Cameroon: a cross sectional study.
BACKGROUND
Anaemia, anisocytosis, malnutrition (especially stunting) are common health problems in developing countries with children being the most vulnerable. These conditions have negative impacts on human performance, growth and development, and can further be complicated if comorbidity exists within a holoendemic stratum with strong and perennial malaria parasite transmission such as the Mount Cameroon area. The study aimed at determining the prevalence and severity malnutrition, anaemia and anisocytosis in children ≤ 5 years, living in the conflict hit malaria perennial transmission zone of the Mount Cameroon area.
METHOD
A cross-sectional community-based survey involving 628 children ≤ 5 years was conducted. Malaria parasitaemia was confirmed by Giemsa-stained microscopy and the density was log transformed. Haemoglobin (Hb), mean cell volume and red blood cell distribution width were estimated using an auto-haematology analyser and defined according to WHO standards. Anthropometric indices were analysed and compared with WHO growth reference standards using WHO Anthro software.
RESULTS
Plasmodium infection, anaemia, microcytic anaemia, anisocytosis and stunting were prevalent in 36.0, 72.8, 30.1, 54.1 and 29.0% of the children, respectively. The ≤ 24 months children were more moderately stunted (14.7%), with higher prevalence of microcytic anaemia (38.8%) and anisocytosis (68.8%) (P < 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively) when compared with the older children. The mean Hb level in the study population was 10.04 g/dL with children ≤ 24 months having the least mean haemoglobin level (9.69 g/dL) when compared with their older counterparts at P < 0.001. The odds of having anisocytosis were highest among children who were malnourished (OR = 4.66, P = 0.005), those infected with malaria parasites (OR = 1.85, P = 0.007), and whose parents had a primary (OR = 3.51, P = 0.002) and secondary levels of education (OR = 2.69, P = 0.017).
CONCLUSION
Malaria, anaemia, anisocytosis and undernutrition still remain severe public health concerns among children ≤ 60 months in the Mount Cameroon area. This therefore emphasizes the need for the implementation of consistent policies, programmes and activities to avoid malaria, anaemia, anisocytosis and stunting in the paediatric age group.
PubMed: 36280882
DOI: 10.1186/s41182-022-00469-6 -
World Journal of Cardiology Dec 2019The incorporation of biomarkers in the actually used risk scores seem to be helpful for early identifying atrial fibrillation (AF) patients at higher risk. The aim of... (Review)
Review
The incorporation of biomarkers in the actually used risk scores seem to be helpful for early identifying atrial fibrillation (AF) patients at higher risk. The aim of this critical review of the scientific literature is to investigate the potential clinical significance of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) in AF. A systematic electronic search was carried out to identify all articles describing an epidemiological association between RDW and AF in adult human populations. Data abstraction was conducted on a final number of 35 articles (13 cross-sectional, 12 prospective and 10 retrospective studies). The results of these epidemiological investigations were all virtually concordant to emphasize that an enhanced RDW value is not only a predictive factor and a marker of AF but its measurement may also be helpful for predicting the risk of developing many adverse complications in patients with AF, such as recurrence and duration of AF, hospitalization for heart failure, bleeding, left atrial thrombosis and stasis, thromboembolic events and mortality. AF patients with RDW values exceeding the local reference range may be more aggressively investigated and managed, in order to identify and attenuate the impact of possible underlying disorders causing both anisocytosis and AF.
PubMed: 31908729
DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v11.i12.292 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science May 2022Gross, histopathological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of uveal melanocytic neoplasms in dogs and cats were investigated.
OBJECTIVE
Gross, histopathological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of uveal melanocytic neoplasms in dogs and cats were investigated.
SAMPLES
Thirty-two enucleated globes with uveal melanocytic neoplasms, 27 from dogs and 5 from cats, were examined.
PROCEDURES
Morphological characteristics of uveal melanocytic neoplasms in dogs and cats were evaluated with anti-PNL2, anti-Melan-A, anti-Ki-67, anti-caspase-3, and anti-BAP1 immunomarkers. Statistical analysis was performed to compare canine melanocytomas and melanomas.
RESULTS
The 32 uveal neoplasms were classified as melanocytomas (19/27 in dogs) or melanomas (8/27 in dogs, 5/5 in cats). Most tumours (84%) were located in the anterior uvea. Neoplastic cells were classified as epithelioid, spindle-shaped, mixed, or special type (balloon and signet ring cells). The percentage of cells with melanin, melanin concentration within cells, anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, mitotic count, lymphocytic inflammation, necrosis, vascular invasion, and glaucoma were also characterized. Anisocytosis, percentage of neoplastic cells with melanin, mitotic count, and indices (proliferation and apoptotic) varied significantly between canine uveal melanomas and melanocytomas; in general, melanomas had greater cell variability, were less pigmented, and had a higher mitotic count. The melanocytic origin of the neoplasms was confirmed by positive anti-PNL2 immunolabelling (29/32) and positive anti-Melan-A immunolabelling (3/32). In canine uveal melanomas, anisocytosis and anisokaryosis correlated with less pigmentation and minimal pigmentation correlated with a high percentage of immunolabelling for caspase-3.
CONCLUSIONS
Uveal melanocytomas were more common in dogs, and uveal melanomas were more frequent in cats. Anisocytosis, percentage of neoplastic cells with melanin, and mitotic count are important histologic characteristics of malignancy to evaluate in uveal melanocytic neoplasms. The proliferation and apoptotic indices are relevant when comparing malignant tumours with benign tumours.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Melanins; Melanoma; Uvea
PubMed: 35122675
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.752 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jun 2022Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a life-threatening complication that can develop weeks to months after an initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. A...
BACKGROUND
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a life-threatening complication that can develop weeks to months after an initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. A complex, time-consuming laboratory evaluation is currently required to distinguish MIS-C from other illnesses. New assays are urgently needed early in the evaluation process to expedite MIS-C workup and initiate treatment when appropriate. This study aimed to measure the performance of a monocyte anisocytosis index, obtained on routine complete blood count (CBC), to rapidly identify subjects with MIS-C at risk for cardiac complications.
METHODS
We measured monocyte anisocytosis, quantified by monocyte distribution width (MDW), in blood samples collected from children who sought medical care in a single medical center from April 2020 to October 2020 (discovery cohort). After identifying an effective MDW threshold associated with MIS-C, we tested the utility of MDW as a tier 1 assay for MIS-C at multiple institutions from October 2020 to October 2021 (validation cohort). The main outcome was the early screening of MIS-C, with a focus on children with MIS-C who displayed cardiac complications. The screening accuracy of MDW was compared to tier 1 routine laboratory tests recommended for evaluating a child for MIS-C.
RESULTS
We enrolled 765 children and collected 846 blood samples for analysis. In the discovery cohort, monocyte anisocytosis, quantified as an MDW threshold of 24.0, had 100% sensitivity (95% CI 78-100%) and 80% specificity (95% CI 69-88%) for identifying MIS-C. In the validation cohort, an initial MDW greater than 24.0 maintained a 100% sensitivity (95% CI 80-100%) and monocyte anisocytosis displayed a diagnostic accuracy greater that other clinically available hematologic parameters. Monocyte anisocytosis decreased with disease resolution to values equivalent to those of healthy controls.
CONCLUSIONS
Monocyte anisocytosis detected by CBC early in the clinical workup improves the identification of children with MIS-C with cardiac complications, thereby creating opportunities for improving current practice guidelines.
Topics: COVID-19; Child; Humans; Monocytes; SARS-CoV-2; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
PubMed: 35725405
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07526-9 -
Blood Advances Dec 2021β1-Tubulin plays a major role in proplatelet formation and platelet shape maintenance, and pathogenic variants in TUBB1 lead to thrombocytopenia and platelet...
β1-Tubulin plays a major role in proplatelet formation and platelet shape maintenance, and pathogenic variants in TUBB1 lead to thrombocytopenia and platelet anisocytosis (TUBB1-RT). To date, the reported number of pedigrees with TUBB1-RT and of rare TUBB1 variants with experimental demonstration of pathogenicity is limited. Here, we report 9 unrelated families presenting with thrombocytopenia carrying 6 β1-tubulin variants, p.Cys12LeufsTer12, p.Thr107Pro, p.Gln423*, p.Arg359Trp, p.Gly109Glu, and p.Gly269Asp, the last of which novel. Segregation studies showed incomplete penetrance of these variants for platelet traits. Indeed, most carriers showed macrothrombocytopenia, some only increased platelet size, and a minority had no abnormalities. Moreover, only homozygous carriers of the p.Gly109Glu variant displayed macrothrombocytopenia, highlighting the importance of allele burden in the phenotypic expression of TUBB1-RT. The p.Arg359Trp, p.Gly269Asp, and p.Gly109Glu variants deranged β1-tubulin incorporation into the microtubular marginal ring in platelets but had a negligible effect on platelet activation, secretion, or spreading, suggesting that β1-tubulin is dispensable for these processes. Transfection of TUBB1 missense variants in CHO cells altered β1-tubulin incorporation into the microtubular network. In addition, TUBB1 variants markedly impaired proplatelet formation from peripheral blood CD34+ cell-derived megakaryocytes. Our study, using in vitro modeling, molecular characterization, and clinical investigations provides a deeper insight into the pathogenicity of rare TUBB1 variants. These novel data expand the genetic spectrum of TUBB1-RT and highlight a remarkable heterogeneity in its clinical presentation, indicating that allelic burden or combination with other genetic or environmental factors modulate the phenotypic impact of rare TUBB1 variants.
Topics: Blood Platelets; Humans; Megakaryocytes; Thrombocytopenia; Tubulin
PubMed: 34516618
DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020004057 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023Viral infections activate the innate immune response and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. They also alter oxidative stress markers, which potentially can have an...
Viral infections activate the innate immune response and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. They also alter oxidative stress markers, which potentially can have an involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this research was to study the role of the oxidative stress process assessed through lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) on the severity of COVID-19 measured by oxygen saturation (SaO) and the putative interaction with inflammation. The investigation enrolled 1808 patients (mean age of 68 and 60% male) with COVID-19 from the HM Hospitals database. To explore interactions, a regression model and mediation analyses were performed. The patients with lower SaO presented lymphopenia and higher values of neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio and on the anisocytosis coefficient. The regression model showed an interaction between LDH and anisocytosis, suggesting that high levels of LDH (>544 U/L) and an anisocytosis coefficient higher than 10% can impact SaO in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, analysis revealed that LDH mediated 41% ( value = 0.001) of the effect of anisocytosis on SaO in this cohort. This investigation revealed that the oxidative stress marker LDH and the interaction with anisocytosis have an important role in the severity of COVID-19 infection and should be considered for the management and treatment of the oxidative phenomena concerning this within a precision medicine strategy.
PubMed: 36829793
DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020234 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2023Although SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to severe COVID-19 in children, the role of biomarkers for assessing the risk of progression to severe disease is not well...
INTRODUCTION
Although SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to severe COVID-19 in children, the role of biomarkers for assessing the risk of progression to severe disease is not well established in the pediatric population. Given the differences in monocyte signatures associated with worsening COVID-19 in adults, we aimed to determine whether monocyte anisocytosis early in the infectious course would correspond with increasing severity of COVID-19 in children.
METHODS
We performed a multicenter retrospective study of 215 children with SARS-CoV-2 infection, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), convalescent COVID-19, and healthy age-matched controls to determine whether monocyte anisocytosis, quantified by monocyte distribution width (MDW) on complete blood count, was associated with increasing severity of COVID-19. We performed exploratory analyses to identify other hematologic parameters in the inflammatory signature of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and determine the most effective combination of markers for assessing COVID-19 severity in children.
RESULTS
Monocyte anisocytosis increases with COVID-19 severity and need for hospitalization. Although other inflammatory markers such as lymphocyte count, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, and cytokines correlate with disease severity, these parameters were not as sensitive as MDW for identifying severe disease in children. An MDW threshold of 23 offers a sensitive marker for severe pediatric COVID-19, with improved accuracy when assessed in combination with other hematologic parameters.
CONCLUSION
Monocyte anisocytosis corresponds with shifting hematologic profiles and inflammatory markers in children with COVID-19, and MDW serves as a clinically accessible biomarker for severe COVID-19 in children.
PubMed: 37425266
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1177048 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and visual assessments of anisocytosis assess variability in erythrocyte size. Veterinary studies on the correlation between the...
Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and visual assessments of anisocytosis assess variability in erythrocyte size. Veterinary studies on the correlation between the two methods and on observer agreement are scarce. The objectives were to assess the correlation of the grading of anisocytosis by means of conventional microscopy of canine blood smears to RDW, and to assess intra- and inter-observer variation in assessing the degree of anisocytosis. The study included 100 canine blood samples on which blood smear examination and RDW measurement were performed. RDW was measured on the Advia 2120i analyzer. The degree of anisocytosis was based on a human grading scheme assessing the ratio between the size of the representative largest red blood cell and that of the representative smallest red blood cell (1+ if <2x, 2+ if 2-3x, 3+ if 3-4x, and 4+ if >4x). Three observers participated and assessed the blood smears by conventional microscopy twice, 3 weeks apart by each observer. The correlation was assessed for each observer on each occasion using Kendahl-tau-b analysis. Intra-observer agreement was assessed using quadratically weighted kappa. Inter-observer agreement was assessed using free-marginal multi-rater kappa. Anisocytosis graded on blood smears correlated significantly with RDW values as assessed by Kendahl-tau-b ranging between 0.37 and 0.51 ( < 0.0001). Intra-observer agreement ranged from weak to moderate with resulting kappa-coefficients being 0.58, 0.68, and 0.75, respectively. Inter-observer agreement was weak (Kappa-values 0.44). The weak to moderate observer agreement in the visual assessment of anisocytosis indicates that the more precise and more repeatable RDW measurement should be used for clinical decision-making.
PubMed: 37808118
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1258857 -
Journal of Comparative Pathology Apr 2023A 12-year-old male neutered Australian Shepherd Dog was presented to Charlotte Animal Referral & Emergency with a history of a thoracic mass. On physical examination,...
A 12-year-old male neutered Australian Shepherd Dog was presented to Charlotte Animal Referral & Emergency with a history of a thoracic mass. On physical examination, physiological parameters were within the normal ranges, and a complete haemogram and serum biochemistry profile were unremarkable except for mild thrombocytopenia. A computed tomography scan revealed a 21 × 15 × 12.7 cm thoracic mass encompassing the cranial mediastinum and extending to the right caudal thorax. The mass was surgically removed and histopathological evaluation revealed that it comprised remnants of the thymus and a neoplasm composed of large blood-filled vascular spaces lined by a single layer of endothelial cells with mild anisocytosis and anisokaryosis. The neoplastic cells had diffuse strong immunolabeling for endothelial cell marker CD31. Multifocally, there were large cystic degenerated areas of thymic tissue lined by plump cytokeratin AE1/AE3-positive epithelial cells. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of thymic cavernous haemangioma (CH) was made. Thymic CH is rare in animals, with the only reported case in a cross bred cow. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a thymic CH in a dog.
Topics: Male; Female; Cattle; Dogs; Animals; Endothelial Cells; Australia; Hemangioma, Cavernous; Dog Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Cattle Diseases
PubMed: 36931010
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.02.001