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Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2022To investigate the relationship between corneal biomechanical and ocular biometric parameters, and to explore biomechanical asymmetry between anisometropic eyes using...
To investigate the relationship between corneal biomechanical and ocular biometric parameters, and to explore biomechanical asymmetry between anisometropic eyes using the corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology device (Corvis ST). 180 anisometropic participants were included. Participants were divided into low (1.00≤△Spherical equivalent (SE) < 2.00D), moderate (2.00D≤△SE < 3.00D) and high (△SE ≥ 3.00D) anisometropic groups. Axial length (AL), keratometry, anterior chamber depth (ACD) and corneal biomechanical parameters were assessed using the OA-2000 biometer, Pentacam HR and Corvis ST, respectively. The mean age of participants was 16.09 ± 5.64 years. Stress-Strain Index (SSI) was positively correlated with SE (r = 0.501, < 0.001) and negatively correlated with AL (r = -0.436, < 0.001). Some other Corvis ST parameters had weak correlation with SE or AL. Corneal biomechanical parameters except for time of first applanation (A1T), length of second applanation (A2L), deformation amplitude (DA), first applanation stiffness parameter (SPA1) and ambrosia relational thickness-horizontal (ARTh) were correlated with ametropic parameters (SE or AL) in multiple regression analyses. A1T, velocity of first applanation (A1V), time of second applanation (A2T), A2L, velocity of second applanation (A2V), corneal curvature radius at highest concavity (HCR), peak distance (PD), DA, deformation amplitude ratio max (2 mm) (DAR), SPA1, integrated radius (IR), and SSI showed significant differences between fellow eyes ( < 0.05). There was no significant difference in asymmetry of corneal biomechanics among the three groups ( > 0.05). Asymmetry of some biomechanical parameters had weak correlation with asymmetry of mean corneal curvatures and ACD. However, asymmetry of corneal biomechanical parameters was not correlated with asymmetry of SE or AL ( > 0.05). More myopic eyes had weaker biomechanical properties than the contralateral eye in anisometropia. However, a certain linear relationship between anisometropia and biomechanical asymmetry was not found.
PubMed: 36338123
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.994353 -
Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology...The aim was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of refractive errors (REs) and the effective spectacle coverage in Emiratis and non-Emiratis in Dubai.
PURPOSE
The aim was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of refractive errors (REs) and the effective spectacle coverage in Emiratis and non-Emiratis in Dubai.
DESIGN
The Dubai Eye Health Survey was a population-based cross-sectional study of participants aged 40 years or older.
METHODS
Distance and near visual acuity (VA), and noncycloplegic automated refraction were tested according to a standardized protocol. Distance VA was tested using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) logMAR chart at 3 m and near VA was measured using the near vision logMAR chart at 40 cm under ambient lighting. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent of refraction of less than -0.50 diopters (D), and hypermetropia as spherical equivalent of more than +0.50 D. Astigmatism was defined as cylinder power of 0.5 D or greater. Effective spectacle coverage for distance vision was computed as met need/(met need+unmet need+under-met need)×100%. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations between sociodemographic factors and RE.
RESULTS
The authors included 892 participants (446 Emiratis and 446 non-Emiratis) in the analysis. The prevalence of hypermetropia was 20.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 16.8%-24.4%] in Emiratis and 20.6% (95% CI: 20.0%-24.7%) in non-Emiratis. The prevalence of myopia and high myopia was 27.4% (95% CI: 23.3%-31.7%) and 1.8% (95% CI: 0.8%-3.5%) in Emiratis, and 19.5% (95% CI: 15.9%-23.5%) and 0.9% (95% CI: 0.2%-2.3%) in non-Emiratis, respectively. High education (P=0.02) and not currently working (P=0.002) were risk factors of myopia in non-Emiratis only. The prevalence of astigmatism was 7.4% (95% CI: 5.1%-10.2%) in Emiratis and 1.6% (95% CI: 0.6%-3.2%) in non-Emiratis. This prevalence was higher in individuals aged over 60 years (P<0.001) and men (P=0.014) among Emiratis. The prevalence of anisometropia and uncorrected presbyopia was 11.4% (95% CI: 8.6%-14.8%) and 0.7% (95% CI: 0.1%-2.0%) in Emiratis, and 9.2% (95% CI: 6.7%-12.3%) and 0.4% (95% CI: 0.05%-1.6%) in non-Emiratis, respectively. The effective spectacle coverage was 62.3% (95% CI: 54.0%-70.6%) and 69% (95% CI: 60.5%-77.5%) in Emiratis and non-Emiratis, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
A high proportion of Emiratis and non-Emiratis was affected by RE without optimal effective spectacle coverage, highlighting the imperativeness of intervention to alleviate the burden. The findings may help facilitate evidence-based policymaking concerning the delivery of eye care services and allocation of medical resources in Dubai.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Astigmatism; Hyperopia; Eyeglasses; Prevalence; Cross-Sectional Studies; Refractive Errors; Myopia; Health Surveys; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36706332
DOI: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000568 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Jan 2024Unilateral high myopia (uHM), commonly observed in patients with retinal diseases or only with high myopia, is frequently associated with amblyopia with poor prognosis....
BACKGROUNDS
Unilateral high myopia (uHM), commonly observed in patients with retinal diseases or only with high myopia, is frequently associated with amblyopia with poor prognosis. This study aims to reveal the clinical and genetic spectrum of uHM in a large Chinese cohort.
METHODS
A total of 75 probands with simplex uHM were included in our Pediatric and Genetic Eye Clinic. Patients with significant posterior anomalies other than myopic fundus changes were excluded. Variants were detected by exome sequencing and then analyzed through multiple-step bioinformatic and co-segregation analysis and finally confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Genetic findings were correlated with associated clinical data for analysis.
RESULTS
Among the 75 probands with a mean age of 6.21 ± 4.70 years at the presentation, myopic fundus of C1 and C2 was observed in 73 (97.3%) probands. Surprisingly, specific peripheral changes were identified in 63 eyes involving 36 (48.0%) probands after extensive examination, including peripheral retinal avascular zone (74.6%, 47/63 eyes), neovascularization (54.0%), fluorescein leakage (31.7%), peripheral pigmentary changes (31.7%), and others. Exome sequencing identified 21 potential pathogenic variants of 13 genes in 20 of 75 (26.7%) probands, including genes for Stickler syndrome (COL11A1 and COL2A1; 6/20), FEVR (FZD4, LRP5, and TSPAN12; 5/20), and others (FBN1, GPR179, ZEB2, PAX6, GPR143, OPN1LW, FRMD7, and CACNA1F; 9/20). For the peripheral retinal changes in the 20 probands, variants in Stickler syndrome-related genes were predominantly associated with retinal pigmentary changes, lattice degeneration, and retinal avascular region, while variants in genes related to FEVR were mainly associated with the avascular zone, neovascularization, and fluorescein leakage.
CONCLUSIONS
Genetic defects were identified in about one-fourth of simplex uHM patients in which significant consequences may be hidden under a classic myopic fundus in up to half. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic genetic study on simplex uHM to date. In addition to routine care of strabismus and amblyopia, careful examination of the peripheral retina and genetic screening is warranted for patients with uHM in order to identify signs of risk for retinal detachment and other complications and provide meaningful genetic counseling.
Topics: Humans; Child; Infant; Child, Preschool; Amblyopia; Mutation; Pedigree; Myopia; Fluoresceins; Risk Factors; DNA Mutational Analysis; Frizzled Receptors; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Membrane Proteins; Tetraspanins; Arthritis; Connective Tissue Diseases; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Retinal Detachment
PubMed: 38243264
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04886-5 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022The study aims to assess two refractive instrument-based methods of vision screening (SureSight and PlusoptiX) to detect refractive amblyopia risk factors (ARFs) and...
OBJECTIVE
The study aims to assess two refractive instrument-based methods of vision screening (SureSight and PlusoptiX) to detect refractive amblyopia risk factors (ARFs) and significant refractive errors in Chinese preschool children and to develop referral criteria according to the 2021 AAPOS guidelines.
METHODS
Eye examinations were conducted in children aged 61 to 72 months ( = 1,173) using a PlusoptiX photoscreener, SureSight autorefractor, and cycloplegic retinoscopy (CR). The Vision Screening Committee of AAPOS's preschool vision screening guidelines from 2021 were adopted for comparison. Paired -test analysis and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the differences and agreement between the PlusoptiX photoscreener, SureSight autorefractor, and CR. In addition, the validity of the cut-off values of the several ARFs measured with the SureSight and PlusoptiX was estimated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and compared to the age-based 2021 AAPOS examination failure levels.
RESULTS
A total of 1,173 children were tested with comprehensive eye examinations. When the referral numbers based on the 2013 (43/3.67%) and 2021 (42/3.58%) AAPOS guidelines were compared, significant differences between the values of astigmatism (72.09 vs. 52.38%) and anisometropia (11.63 vs. 38.10%) were found. The 95% limits of agreement (LOA) of the spherical value and the cylindrical value between PlusoptiX and CR were 95.08 and 96.29%. It was 93.87 and 98.10% between SureSight and CR. Considering refractive failure levels, the ROC curves obtained the optimal cut-off points. However, the PlusoptiX and the SureSight showed lower efficiency in hyperopia (Youden index, 0.60 vs. 0.83) and myopia (Youden index, 078 vs. 0.93), respectively. After adjusting the above cut-off points, the optimized NES (Nanjing Eye Study) referral criteria for myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia were -0.75, 1.25, -1.0, and 0.5 with PlusoptiX and -1.25, 2.75, -1.5, and 0.75 with SureSight.
CONCLUSIONS
SureSight and PlusoptiX showed a good correlation with CR and could effectively detect refractive ARFs and visually significant refractive errors. There were obvious advantages in detecting hyperopia using SureSight and myopia using PlusoptiX. We proposed instrumental referral criteria for age-based preschool children based on AAPOS 2021 guidelines.
Topics: Amblyopia; Anisometropia; Astigmatism; Child, Preschool; Humans; Hyperopia; Mydriatics; Myopia; Referral and Consultation; Refractive Errors; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 36225773
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.959757 -
BMC Ophthalmology Oct 2021To investigate the clinical characteristics of children with congenital ptosis, with particular attention given to the incidence of anisometropia, and the difference in...
BACKGROUND
To investigate the clinical characteristics of children with congenital ptosis, with particular attention given to the incidence of anisometropia, and the difference in axial length (AL) between the right and left eyes.
METHODS
The medical charts of 55 patients with congenital ptosis at Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical characteristics, including age, cycloplegic refraction, AL, and the presence of amblyopia and its causes were analyzed.
RESULTS
Age at the initial visit was 16 ± 20 (mean ± standard deviation, the same applies below) months. Of the 49 patients whose cycloplegic refraction was measured, hyperopic anisometropia, defined as ≥ one-diopter difference in spherical equivalent (SE), was observed in 1/11, 9/27 and 5/11 patients with bilateral, right, and left ptosis, respectively. Among 14/38 patients with hyperopic anisometropia involving unilateral ptosis, 13 demonstrated a larger SE in the ptotic eye than in the non-ptotic eye. The inter-eye difference in AL (AL of the ptotic eye minus that of the non-ptotic eye) in six patients with unilateral ptosis and hyperopic anisometropia ipsilateral to the ptotic eye (-0.29 ± 0.40 mm) was significantly smaller than that in three patients with unilateral ptosis and no hyperopic anisometropia (0.38 ± 0.29 mm).
CONCLUSIONS
At our institute, children with congenital ptosis had a high incidence of hyperopic anisometropia ipsilateral to the ptotic eye. Furthermore, this condition was associated with a shorter axial length. These results indicate that refractive correction for hyperopic anisometropia is important for proper visual development in children with congenital ptosis.
Topics: Amblyopia; Anisometropia; Blepharoptosis; Child; Humans; Hyperopia; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34625050
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02126-8 -
Translational Vision Science &... Oct 2023To evaluate the interocular differences of the peripapillary structural and vascular parameters and that of association with axial length (AL) in participants with...
PURPOSE
To evaluate the interocular differences of the peripapillary structural and vascular parameters and that of association with axial length (AL) in participants with myopic anisometropia using swept-source optical coherence tomography.
METHODS
This prospective cross-sectional study included 90 eyes of 45 participants. Each participant's eyes were divided into the more and less myopic eye respectively according to spherical equivalent. The β- and γ-parapapillary atrophy (PPA) areas, Bruch's membrane opening distance, border length, and border tissue angle were measured manually. Peripapillary choroidal vascularity index and choroidal thickness (CT) values in superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal were calculated using a custom-built algorithm based on MATLAB.
RESULTS
The interocular difference in AL and spherical equivalent was 0.62 ± 0.26 mm and -1.50 (-2.13, -1.25) diopters (D), respectively. The interocular difference in spherical equivalent was highly correlated with that of the AL. The β- and γ-PPA areas were significantly greater in more myopic eyes. The mean and inferior peripapillary choroidal vascularity index and all regions of peripapillary CT were significantly lower in the more myopic eyes. The interocular difference in AL was significantly positively correlated with the interocular differences in γ-PPA area and border length and negatively correlated with the interocular differences in temporal choroidal vascularity index and mean, inferior, and temporal peripapillary CT. There was an independent correlation between the interocular differences in AL and the interocular differences in γ-PPA area, inferior, and temporal peripapillary CT.
CONCLUSIONS
Significant differences between both groups were detected in most peripapillary parameters, especially in peripapillary CT. The γ-PPA area, border length, and peripapillary CT were significantly correlated with the elongation of AL.
TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE
The current study characterized and analyzed the peripapillary parameters in myopic anisometropia, which helped to monitor myopic progression.
Topics: Humans; Anisometropia; Optic Disk; Prospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Myopia
PubMed: 37850949
DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.10.16 -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2021Atropine at a low concentration is considered a safe and effective treatment to mitigate myopia progression. However, the potential unwanted side effects of...
PURPOSE
Atropine at a low concentration is considered a safe and effective treatment to mitigate myopia progression. However, the potential unwanted side effects of administering atropine at a low dose on visual functions other than best corrected visual acuity has not been investigated. In this study, we investigate the short-term (12,16, and 20 h) and long-term (1, 2, and 4 weeks) effects of 0.01% atropine (i.e., 0.1 mg/ml) on contrast sensitivity (CS) in patients with myopia.
METHODS
Thirty adults (23.33 ± 2.93 years old) with myopia between -1.00 and -6.00 diopters (D), astigmatism of -1.50 D or less, and anisometropia of 1.00 D or less, participated in this prospective, masked, placebo-controlled, randomized study. The participants were randomly assigned to receive 0.01% atropine or polyvinyl alcohol eye drops once nightly to both eyes for four weeks. CS was measured binocularly at baseline and 12, 16, 20 h, 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the first use of the eye drops.
RESULTS
There was no statistically significant differences of CS found between atropine and placebo-controlled groups in both short-term and long-term. There was no statistically significant interaction effect found between the time and group.
CONCLUSION
We demonstrated no significant deleterious effect of 0.01% atropine on adult myopes' CS.
PubMed: 33679306
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.624472 -
Acta Ophthalmologica Mar 2022To evaluate refraction and its development in young adults born prematurely, screened for retinopathy of prematurity, and to compare with individuals of the same age...
PURPOSE
To evaluate refraction and its development in young adults born prematurely, screened for retinopathy of prematurity, and to compare with individuals of the same age born at term.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The participants were 59 preterms, with a birthweight of ≤ 1500 g, and 43 term-born controls, all born during 1988-1990. The refraction was measured in cycloplegia, and the spherical equivalent (SE) was calculated. The axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth and corneal radius (CR) were measured, and the AL/CR ratio was calculated.
RESULTS
The mean SE was -0.5 dioptres (D) (SD 2.5) in right eyes (REs) and -0.4 D (SD 2.3) in left eyes (LEs) of preterms, and -0.2 D (SD 1.5) in REs and -0.2 D (SD 1.5) in LEs of controls. The distribution of refraction was wider in the preterm group compared to the control group. In the preterm group, 12% had a SE ≥ 1.5 D, but none of the controls. Ten preterms, but none of the controls, had anisometropia ≥ 1.0 D. The prevalence of astigmatism ≥ 1.0 D was higher in preterms than controls. The SE decreased around 1 D in both preterms and controls from 10 to 25 years of age. The AL and CR were shorter in the preterms; however, the AL/CR ratio was similar in both groups. Within the preterm group, cryotherapy was correlated with astigmatism, but not with SE and anisometropia at this age.
CONCLUSION
Prematurely born individuals had higher prevalence of refractive errors in young adulthood compared to term-born controls.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Refraction, Ocular; Refractive Errors; Retinopathy of Prematurity
PubMed: 33528099
DOI: 10.1111/aos.14766 -
JSLS : Journal of the Society of... 2020To investigate the impact of refractive errors on binocular visual acuity while using the Da Vinci SI robotic system console.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the impact of refractive errors on binocular visual acuity while using the Da Vinci SI robotic system console.
METHODS
Eighty volunteers were examined on the Da Vinci SI robotic system console by using a near vision chart. Refractive errors, anisometropia status, and Fly Stereo Acuity Test scores were recorded. Spherical equivalent (SE) were calculated for all volunteers' right and left eyes. Visual acuity was assessed by the logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (LogMAR) method. Binocular uncorrected and best corrected (with proper contact lens or glasses) LogMAR values of the subjects were recorded. The difference between these values (DiffLogMAR) are affected by different refractive errors.
RESULTS
In the myopia and/or astigmatism group, uncorrected SE was found to have significant impact on the DiffLogMAR ( < 0.001) and myopia greater than 1.75 diopter had significantly higher DiffLogMAR values ( < 0.05). Subjects with presbyopia had significantly higher DiffLogMAR values ( < 0.01), and we observed positive correlation between presbyopia and DiffLogMAR values (p = 0.33, < 0.01). The cut off value of presbyopia that correlated the most with DiffLogMAR differences was found to be 1.25 diopter ( < 0.001). In 13 hypermetropic volunteers, we found significant correlation between hypermetropia value and DiffLogMAR (p > 0.7, < 0.01). The statistical analysis between Fly test and SE revealed a significant impact of presbyopia and hypermetropia to the stereotactic view of the subject (p = -0.734, < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Surgeons suffering from myopia greater than 1.75 diopter, presbyopia greater than 1.25 diopter (D), and hypermetropia regardless of grade must always perform robotic surgeries with the proper correction.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Clinical Competence; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Medical Errors; Middle Aged; Refractive Errors; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Surgeons; Visual Acuity; Young Adult
PubMed: 32831541
DOI: 10.4293/JSLS.2020.00031