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Nutrients May 2023This Special Issue of , entitled "Nutritional Management and Outcomes in Anorexia Nervosa", aims to advance aspects of the scientific understanding of some serious or...
This Special Issue of , entitled "Nutritional Management and Outcomes in Anorexia Nervosa", aims to advance aspects of the scientific understanding of some serious or frequent somatic involvements and of the precocious nutrition management of severe forms of the disease in order to assist clinicians in the management of such patients [...].
Topics: Humans; Anorexia Nervosa; Nutrition Therapy
PubMed: 37299504
DOI: 10.3390/nu15112541 -
Nutrients Jun 2023Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder with an unknown etiology that is characterized by an individual's preoccupation with their weight and body structure while... (Review)
Review
Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder with an unknown etiology that is characterized by an individual's preoccupation with their weight and body structure while denying the severity of their low body weight. Due to the fact that anorexia nervosa is multifaceted and may indicate the coexistence of genetic, social, hormonal, and psychiatric disorders, a description of non-pharmacological interventions can be used to ameliorate or reduce the symptoms of this condition. Consequently, the purpose of the present narrative review is to describe the profile's context in the anorexic person as well as the support they would require from their family and environment. In addition, it is aimed at examining preventative and non-pharmacological interventions, such as nutritional interventions, physical activity interventions, psychological interventions, psychosocial interventions, and physical therapy interventions. To reach the narrative review aims, a critical review was conducted utilizing both primary sources, such as scientific publications, and secondary sources, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages, and databases. Nutritional interventions include nutritional education and an individualized treatment for each patient, physical activity interventions include allowing patients to perform controlled physical activity, psychological interventions include family therapy and evaluation of the existence of other psychological disorders, psychosocial interventions include management of the relationship between the patient and social media and physical therapy interventions include relaxation massages and exercises to relieve pain. All these non-pharmacological interventions need to be individualized based on each patient's needs.
Topics: Humans; Anorexia Nervosa; Anorexia; Family Therapy
PubMed: 37299557
DOI: 10.3390/nu15112594 -
Eating and Weight Disorders : EWD Feb 2023Recent studies have reported a gut microbiota imbalance or dysbiosis associated with anorexia nervosa (AN), which has prompted an appraisal of its aetiological role, and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Recent studies have reported a gut microbiota imbalance or dysbiosis associated with anorexia nervosa (AN), which has prompted an appraisal of its aetiological role, and the reformulation of AN as a metabo-psychiatric disorder. Thus, the aim of this paper was to critically review the current scientific findings regarding the role of microbiota in anorexia nervosa.
METHODS
A systematic study of peer-reviewed literature published in four databases between 2009 and 2022 was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Both human and animal studies were included.
RESULTS
A total of 18 studies were included. In animal models, both the preclinical and clinical findings were inconsistent regarding microbiota composition, faecal metabolite concentrations, and the effects of human faecal microbiota transplants.
CONCLUSION
The methodological limitations, lack of standardisation, and conceptual ambiguity hinder the analysis of microbiota as a key explanatory factor for AN.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level I, systematic review.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Anorexia Nervosa; Microbiota; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Feces
PubMed: 36752887
DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01529-4 -
Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and... 2022Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a disease mainly of the female sex (90-95% of cases). Almost exclusive, in the past, of the middle-upper classes, in more recent years it has...
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a disease mainly of the female sex (90-95% of cases). Almost exclusive, in the past, of the middle-upper classes, in more recent years it has spread to all social strata. The origin and course of eating disorders (ED) are determined, due to the multifactorial etiology, by a plurality of variables, none of which, alone, is capable of triggering the disease or influencing its course and outcome. Therefore, to understand them in full, it is necessary to take due consideration of biological, psychological and evolutionary factors. The role of some conditions present since birth or childhood, such as genetic vulnerability, family environment and traumatic experiences is not yet well understood in AN pathogenesis. In many cases, some individual characteristics such as perfectionism, low self-esteem, poor ability to regulate emotions, difficulty in conscious management of the body and body image in adolescence precede the onset of ED. Certainly, socio-cultural factors also favor the development of these disorders, in particular the association of thinness with beauty and personal success.
Topics: Adolescent; Anorexia Nervosa; Child; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Thinness
PubMed: 35307995
DOI: 10.5114/pedm.2022.113814 -
CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics Dec 2022Immunological dysfunctions in eating disorders have recently gained increasing scientific attention. Furthermore, the reciprocal association between anorexia and... (Review)
Review
Immunological dysfunctions in eating disorders have recently gained increasing scientific attention. Furthermore, the reciprocal association between anorexia and autoimmune diseases is of particular interest and suggests a role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa (AN) and autoimmune diseases are linked by a bidirectional relationship based on common immunopathological mechanisms. In this review, in addition to reporting the numerous cases described in which autoimmune disorders are associated with anorexia or vice versa, we summarize the many aspects of this relationship between the immune system (IS) and AN. We describe how the microbiota affects the IS, disrupts gut-brain communication, and possibly triggers eating disorders. We also describe the shared immunological pathways of autoimmune and eating disorders and in particular the occurrence of disrupted T cell tolerance and autoantibodies in AN. The described observations represent the starting point for possible, future research directions.
Topics: Humans; Anorexia Nervosa; Anorexia; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Comorbidity; Autoimmune Diseases
PubMed: 36114699
DOI: 10.1111/cns.13953 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Feb 2024Eating disorders are seen mainly as a problem affecting women, not just by the public at large, but also in specialized circles. Although it is true that more women than... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Eating disorders are seen mainly as a problem affecting women, not just by the public at large, but also in specialized circles. Although it is true that more women than men suffer from all types of eating disorder, pertinent reviews have clearly shown that they do indeed occur in men, and that the available evidence on the matter is limited. The stigmatization of men with eating disorders makes it harder for these men, and for the relevant professionals, to recognize the symptoms and to seek or provide help.
METHODS
This review is based on publications retrieved by a selective search in PubMed on the epidemiological, diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of eating disorders in men.
RESULTS
Current estimated lifetime prevalences in men are 0.2% for anorexia nervosa, 0.6% for bulimia nervosa, and 1% for bingeeating disorder; the corresponding figures for women are 1.4%, 1.9%, and 2.8%. Men and women may display different manifestations. Women are thought to be mainly seeking a slim figure and weight reduction; men, a muscular build. The established Germanlanguage screening and diagnostic tools, however, do not cover the types of symptoms that are more common in men. Little is known about whether treatment yields comparable results in men and women.
CONCLUSION
It is important to combat the stigmati - zation of men with eating disorders and to remove the obstacles to their appropriate diagnosis and treatment. The current methods of screening and diagnosis need to be adapted to take account of the special aspects of abnormal eating behavior in men. It remains unclear whether and how the disorderspecific treatment of these conditions in men should differ from their treatment in women.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Bulimia; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Anorexia Nervosa
PubMed: 38019152
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2023.0246 -
The Primary Care Companion For CNS... Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Anorexia Nervosa; Muscular Diseases; Polyneuropathies
PubMed: 36343356
DOI: 10.4088/PCC.21cr03169 -
Psychiatry Research Sep 2023Eating disorders, characterized by abnormal eating, weight control behaviors or both include anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). We investigated their...
Eating disorders, characterized by abnormal eating, weight control behaviors or both include anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). We investigated their potential iatrogenic triggers, using real-world data from the WHO safety database (VigiBase®). VigiBase® was queried for all AN and BN reports. The reports were classified as `pediatric' or `adult' according to age. Disproportionality analyses relied on the Information Component (IC), in which a 95% confidence interval lower-end positivity was required to suspect a signal. Our queries yielded 309 AN and 499 BN reports. Isotretinoin was disproportionately reported in pediatric AN (IC 3.6; [2.6-4.3]), adult AN (IC 3.1; [1.7-4.0]), and pediatric BN (IC 3.9; [3.0-4.7]). Lamivudine (IC 4.2; [3.2-4.9]), nevirapine (IC 3.7; [2.6-4.6]), and zidovudine (IC 3.4; [2.0-4.3]) had the highest ICs in adult AN. AN was associated with isotretinoin, anticonvulsants in minors, and antiretroviral drugs in adults. In adults, BN was related to psychotropic and hormonally active drugs. Before treatment initiation, an anamnesis should seek out mental health conditions, allowing the identification of patients at risk of developing or relapsing into AN or BN. In addition to misuse, the hypothesis of iatrogenic triggers for AN and BN should also be considered.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Child; Anorexia Nervosa; Bulimia Nervosa; Isotretinoin; Iatrogenic Disease; World Health Organization
PubMed: 37611327
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115415 -
Soins; La Revue de Reference Infirmiere Dec 2023Supporting people suffering from anorexia nervosa remains a challenge. While traditional treatment focuses more on speech and its emergence for the patient and family,...
Supporting people suffering from anorexia nervosa remains a challenge. While traditional treatment focuses more on speech and its emergence for the patient and family, non-medicinal and non-verbal therapies are used more systematically, sometimes as a last resort. Yet, as a non-verbal mediated therapy, music therapy can find a legitimate place and complement all the psychiatric, psychotherapeutic, somatic, dietetic and nursing areas where speech already circulates.
Topics: Humans; Anorexia Nervosa; Music Therapy
PubMed: 38070983
DOI: 10.1016/j.soin.2023.10.012 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2022The relationship between cholesterol and cancer has been widely demonstrated. Clinical studies have shown changes in blood cholesterol levels in cancer patients. In... (Review)
Review
The relationship between cholesterol and cancer has been widely demonstrated. Clinical studies have shown changes in blood cholesterol levels in cancer patients. In parallel, basic research studies have shown that cholesterol is involved in the mechanisms of onset and progression of the disease. On the other hand, anorexic patients have high cholesterol levels and a high susceptibility to cancer. In this review, we first present a brief background on the relations among nutrition, eating disorders and cancer. Using several notable examples, we then illustrate the changes in cholesterol in cancer and in anorexia nervosa, providing evidence for their important relationship. Finally, we show a new possible link between cholesterol disorder in cancer and in anorexia nervosa.
Topics: Anorexia Nervosa; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Neoplasms
PubMed: 35806470
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137466