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The European Respiratory Journal Nov 2021
Topics: Anthracosis; Coal; Global Burden of Disease; Humans; Incidence; Pneumoconiosis
PubMed: 34561283
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01669-2021 -
Archives of Iranian Medicine Jun 2021Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM), presenting with the softening of the walls of trachea and bronchi, can cause respiration problems. Despite the importance of TBM, data on...
BACKGROUND
Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM), presenting with the softening of the walls of trachea and bronchi, can cause respiration problems. Despite the importance of TBM, data on its prevalence and related factors are limited. In the current study, the prevalence and predictive factors of this illness were investigated.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients who were bronchoscopy candidates in the diagnostic department of pulmonary diseases in Afzalipour hospital in Kerman, Iran, from May 2017 to May 2018. First, all patients diagnosed with TBM were assessed based on their demographic variables, spirometry indices, anthracofibrosis and TBM severity. TBM was defined as a 50% or higher decrease in the diameter of the main tracheal and bronchial walls on expiration. These patients constituted the case group. Other patients for whom the bronchoscopy findings were not in concordance with TBM were selected through convenience sampling as control group to equal the number of patients in the case group. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.
RESULTS
In this study, 132 (9.38%, 95% CI: 8-11) of the total 1406 cases who underwent bronchoscopy had tracheomalacia. Also, 22 patients (16.66%) had bronchomalacia, at the same time. Based on the multivariable logistic test results, age ( = 0.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.04, OR = 1.02) and having anthracofibrosis (<0.0001, 95% CI: 1.26-4.68, OR = 2.43) were identified as predictive factors for tracheomalacia.
CONCLUSION
The findings of the present study suggest that the presence of anthracotic plaques can be considered as a possible predictive factor for TBM.
Topics: Bronchi; Bronchoscopy; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Tracheobronchomalacia
PubMed: 34488309
DOI: 10.34172/aim.2021.67 -
Tanaffos Apr 2022Anthracosis is caused by several factors and is a risk factor for cancer and tuberculosis. This study investigated the prevalence of anthracosis and the associated...
BACKGROUND
Anthracosis is caused by several factors and is a risk factor for cancer and tuberculosis. This study investigated the prevalence of anthracosis and the associated factors in autopsy specimens from the Guilan Office of the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This retrospective study examined the medical records of autopsy specimens (>18 years) in the Guilan Office of the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization in 2019 for pulmonary anthracosis. Data were extracted from the autopsy findings, and demographic characteristics, occupational information, tuberculosis or pulmonary cancer history, and anthracosis were recorded in a checklist. SPSS version 16 was used to analyze the collected data.
RESULTS
The study included 190 autopsy specimens with a 32.1% anthracosis prevalence. Forty-five (23.7%) subjects had anthracofibrosis. Individuals with agricultural carriers or who worked in tobacco fields had the highest prevalence of anthracosis. The frequency of pulmonary cancer and tuberculosis was significantly higher in the specimens with anthracosis (anthracosis group) than in the non-anthracosis group (P<0.05). The use of traditional cooking and heating methods, as well as exposure to carbon and smoke in the workplace, were significantly higher in the anthracosis group than in the non-anthracosis group (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION
The results of the current study revealed that occupational exposure, tuberculosis, pulmonary cancer, and traditional indoor cooking and heating methods were all associated with anthracosis.
PubMed: 37583784
DOI: No ID Found -
Sarcoidosis, Vasculitis, and Diffuse... 2022Anthracosis is defined as deposition of black pigments in the bronchial mucosa or lung parenchyma. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features of...
OBJECTIVE
Anthracosis is defined as deposition of black pigments in the bronchial mucosa or lung parenchyma. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features of patients with coexisting anthracosis and interstitial lung diseases (ILDs).
METHODS
A total of 335 ILDs patients who underwent bronchoscopy at the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University were included in our study. We enrolled 71 patients who diagnosed with anthracosis by bronchoscopy. The clinical presentations, radiographic features, and bronchoscopic findings of the patients were reviewed.
RESULTS
Compared with the non-anthracosis group, biomass exposure (48, 67.6% vs. 153, 53.9%, p=0.041), the median pressure of carbon dioxide before six-minute test (42.00 mmHg vs. 40.00 mmHg, P=0.001), the mean peak expiratory flow (115.21 ±23.55 %predicted vs. 104.20±26.17%pre-dicted, P=0.048), the mean level of triglyceride (1.79±1.27 mmol/L vs. 1.51 ±0.74 mmol/L, P=0.034) were significantly increased and the mean oxygen saturation after six-minute test (95.49 ±2.72% vs. 96.56 ±1.27%, P=0.028), the mean cardiac ejection fraction (61.22±2.07% vs.62.08±2.89%, P=0.019) were significantly decreased in the anthracosis group. However, we didn't find significant difference between the two groups in lymph node calcification (p=0.620) and lymphadenectasis (p=0.440).
CONCLUSIONS
Biomass smoke is a risk factor for anthracosis. Anthracosis produce a bad effect on the oxygenation, cardiac function and lipid metabolism in ILDs patients. The ILDs patients should decrease the exposure of biomass.
PubMed: 36118547
DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v39i2.11792 -
Annals of the American Thoracic Society Sep 2022
Topics: Anthracosilicosis; Coal; Coal Mining; Humans; Pneumoconiosis; Silicon Dioxide
PubMed: 36048122
DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202206-528ED -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Sep 2021Anthracosis and anthracofibrosis are attributed to the deposition of carbon particles along with fibrosis, adhesion, narrowing, and collapse. There has been no study on...
BACKGROUND
Anthracosis and anthracofibrosis are attributed to the deposition of carbon particles along with fibrosis, adhesion, narrowing, and collapse. There has been no study on the characteristics of the pleural fluid in anthracosis. The present study analyzed the biochemical characteristics of pleural effusion in patients with pulmonary anthracosis.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The study is a cross-sectional study which included patients who were referred to the Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman, eastern Iran. Between April 2018 and October 2019, patients who had undergone bronchoscopy and were diagnosed with anthracosis and pleural effusion were selected through the census method. The characteristics of the pleural fluid were analyzed for protein, albumin, LDH, PH, Triglyceride, cholesterol, glucose, and cytology. Concomitant blood samples were examined for LDH, albumin, total protein, and glucose. After it was specified whether the pleural effusion was transudative or exudative, patients with lymphocyte-dominant exudative pleural fluid became candidates for thoracoscopy.
RESULT
106 patients (6.21 %) of 1705 patients had anthracosis and anthracofibrosis; 37 of these patients (34.9 %) had coexisting pleural effusion. 31 patients gave written informed consent for thoracentesis. The mean age of the patients was 76.48 ± 8.81. In addition, 67.74 % of the patients were female. Pleural effusion was transudative in 29 (93.54 %). Except for one case, all patients had diffuse anthracofibrosis and 67.74 % of the patients had a history of baking bread.
CONCLUSION
According to the findings of this study, most cases had transudative lymphocyte-dominant pleural fluid with mostly diffuse anthracofibrosis. In addition, this condition is more prevalent in women, with a prevalence of approximately twice that of men.
PubMed: 34457251
DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102686 -
Cureus Dec 2022Anthracosis is an environmental lung disease caused by carbon deposition and pigmentation in the airways. However, in rare instances, it can also have systemic...
Anthracosis is an environmental lung disease caused by carbon deposition and pigmentation in the airways. However, in rare instances, it can also have systemic involvement. We present a patient with B-symptoms and diffuse lymphadenopathy who was diagnosed with the infrequently described nodal anthracosis. A 64-year-old Vietnamese gentleman with a 50-pack-year smoking history who was recently diagnosed with prostate cancer post-radical prostatectomy and awaiting radiation therapy presented with generalized weakness, low-grade fever, night sweats, and unquantifiable weight loss for a month. He was hemodynamically stable, and examination revealed bilateral inguinal and axillary lymphadenopathy. Computed tomography (CT) showed diffuse lymphadenopathy involving the mediastinum, hilar, axillary, mesenteric, retroperitoneal, and bilateral iliac chains with multiple diffuse pulmonary nodules. Laboratories disclosed anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin-globulin (A-G) reversal, and sterile blood cultures. The disseminated intravascular coagulation panel was negative with normal fibrinogen and mildly elevated D-dimer. Autoimmune workup, including antinuclear antibody (ANA), was negative. Infectious workup included , , , Lyme serology, QuantiFERON-TB Gold, HIV, and hepatitis panel, and all were negative. He was managed with broad-spectrum antibiotics, which were discontinued after a negative infectious workup. He also complained of a new-onset holocranial headache with no features of meningitis; an MRI with contrast revealed focal occipital leptomeningeal involvement and cerebral edema with occipital lymphadenopathy. A lumbar puncture was planned but deferred at the patient's request. An excisional lymph node biopsy of the left axillary lymph node revealed reactive follicular hyperplasia with no evidence of malignancy, with flow cytometry negative for any evidence of B- or T-cell malignancies. He continued to have persistent low-grade fevers. A bone marrow biopsy showed 70% cellularity with paratrabecular interstitial lymphoid aggregates composed of both T and B cells, which was nonspecific, and flow cytometry could not be done due to dry tap. An F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) scan showed extensive hypermetabolic disease both above and below the diaphragm with bulky mediastinal adenopathy and splenomegaly. Subsequently, he underwent a mediastinoscopy and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes, which demonstrated reactive hyperplasia and abundant anthracitic pigment on microscopic examination, consistent with the diagnosis of nodal anthracosis. He was managed conservatively, discharged, and found to have spontaneously resolved symptoms at a six-week follow-up. Nodal anthracosis with PET-positive mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy is a rare presentation of anthracosis that mimics infectious conditions, granulomatous diseases, and malignancies. The pigment deposition can cause persistent inflammatory activity and should be considered an infrequent but important explanation of lymphadenopathy in patients without known biomass exposure.
PubMed: 36654579
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32495 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022This study aims to summarize the characteristics of diagnosed pneumoconiosis and pneumoconiosis death in the Hubei Province of China, between the years 1949 and 2019,...
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to summarize the characteristics of diagnosed pneumoconiosis and pneumoconiosis death in the Hubei Province of China, between the years 1949 and 2019, and provide clues for the scientific prevention of pneumoconiosis.
METHODS
We recruited 23,069 pneumoconiosis cases in Hubei Province, China, from 1949 to 2019. Basic information and occupational surveillance information were obtained from the Hubei Occupational Diseases and Health Risk Factors Information Surveillance System.
RESULTS
The annually diagnosed pneumoconiosis cases showed an overall increasing trend from 1949 to 2019 in Hubei Province. The major types of pneumoconiosis were coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP, 49.91%) and silicosis (43.39%). Pneumoconiosis cases were mainly engaged in mining (75.32%) and manufacturing (12.72%), and were distributed in Huangshi (35.48%), Yichang (16.16%), and Jingzhou (7.97%). CWP (47.50%) and silicosis (44.65%) accounted for most of the deaths.
CONCLUSIONS
The number of pneumoconiosis cases and deaths in Hubei increased in the period of 1949 to 2019. Silicosis and CWP contributed to the predominant types of pneumoconiosis. Prevention and control measures should continue to be taken to reduce the morbidity and mortality of pneumoconiosis.
Topics: Humans; Coal Mining; Pneumoconiosis; Anthracosis; Silicosis; Occupational Diseases; China
PubMed: 36497874
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315799 -
Pharmacology & Therapeutics Dec 2022This review provides an overview of literature addressing progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) from September 2009 to the present. Advances are described in understanding... (Review)
Review
This review provides an overview of literature addressing progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) from September 2009 to the present. Advances are described in understanding its pathophysiology, epidemiology of the occurrence of PMF and related conditions, the impact of PMF on pulmonary function, advances in imaging of PMF, and factors affecting progression of pneumoconiosis in dust-exposed workers to PMF. Basic advances in understanding the etiology of PMF are impeded by the lack of a well-accepted animal model for human PMF. Recent studies evaluating lung tissue samples and epidemiologic investigations support an important role for the silica component of coal mine dust in causing coal workers' pneumoconiosis and PMF in contemporary coal miners in the United States and for silica in causing silicosis and PMF in artificial stone workers throughout the world. Development of PMF is associated with substantial decline in pulmonary function relative to no disease or small opacity pneumoconiosis. In recent reports, computed tomography has had greater sensitivity for detecting PMF than chest x-ray. Magnetic resonance imaging shows promise in differentiating between PMF and lung cancer. Although PMF develops in dust-exposed workers without previously identified small opacity pneumoconiosis, the presence of small opacity pneumoconiosis increases the risk for progression to PMF, as does heavier dust exposure. Recent literature does not document any effective new treatments for PMF and new therapies to prevent and treat PMF are an important need.
Topics: Humans; United States; Coal Mining; Pneumoconiosis; Anthracosis; Dust; Coal; Silicon Dioxide; Fibrosis
PubMed: 35732247
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108232 -
Tuberkuloz Ve Toraks Dec 2022Anthracosis is a kind of pneumoconiosis that may cause parenchymal and bronchiolar injury and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. In this study, we aimed to investigate F-18...
INTRODUCTION
Anthracosis is a kind of pneumoconiosis that may cause parenchymal and bronchiolar injury and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. In this study, we aimed to investigate F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (PET/CT) findings of patients who had anthracosis diagnosis with endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The patients who underwent EBUS-transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) and were diagnosed with anthracosis in a five year period were included in the study. The diagnosis was confirmed by surgery/ radiological stability. Demographic characteristics such as age, sex, smoking status, and occupational and environmental exposures were recorded. The characteristics: diameter (short axis), shape, central hilar structure, necrosis sign, echogenicity, and margins measured by EBUS, and maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max value) by PET/CT of the lymph node stations were evaluated.
RESULT
One hundred thirty-three patients with 239 lymph node stations were investigated. Biomass exposure was detected in nearly half of the patients (n= 55, 41.4%) and occupational exposure was detected in 32 (24.1%) patients. Eighty-six (64.7%) patients had more than 20 packs/years of smoking history. Most of the lymph nodes (80.8%) have a higher PET/CT SUV max value than 2.5. The mean diameter of the lymph nodes measured by thorax CT (16.2 ± 6.5 mm) and EBUS (12.7 ± 5.6 mm) did not show any difference according to PET/CT SUV max value of ≥2.5 or not (p> 0.05). Subcarinal lymph nodes were significantly larger than the other lymph node stations. The lymph nodes with necrosis sign (p= 0.028), absence of central hilar structure (p= 0.013), and heterogeneous echogenicity (p= 0.008) were statistically significantly related to higher SUV max value.
CONCLUSIONS
Anthracosis should be considered as a cause of false-positive PET/CT results for mediastinal lymph nodes, especially in patients with a history of occupational and environmental exposure including biomass and smoking.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Lymphadenopathy; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Lymph Nodes; Anthracosis; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging
PubMed: 36537087
DOI: 10.5578/tt.20229601