-
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Chalcones have been well examined in the extant literature and demonstrated antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. A detailed... (Review)
Review
Chalcones have been well examined in the extant literature and demonstrated antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. A detailed evaluation of the purported health benefits of chalcone and its derivatives, including molecular mechanisms of pharmacological activities, can be further explored. Therefore, this review aimed to describe the main characteristics of chalcone and its derivatives, including their method synthesis and pharmacotherapeutics applications with molecular mechanisms. The presence of the reactive α,β-unsaturated system in the chalcone's rings showed different potential pharmacological properties, including inhibitory activity on enzymes, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, and anti-filarial activity. Changing the structure by adding substituent groups to the aromatic ring can increase potency, reduce toxicity, and broaden pharmacological action. This report also summarized the potential health benefits of chalcone derivatives, particularly antimicrobial activity. We found that several chalcone compounds can inhibit diverse targets of antibiotic-resistance development pathways; therefore, they overcome resistance, and bacteria become susceptible to antibacterial compounds. A few chalcone compounds were more active than conventional antibiotics, like vancomycin and tetracycline. On another note, a series of pyran-fused chalcones and trichalcones can block the NF-B signaling complement system implicated in inflammation, and several compounds demonstrated more potent lipoxygenase inhibition than NSAIDs, such as indomethacin. This report integrated discussion from the domains of medicinal chemistry, organic synthesis, and diverse pharmacological applications, particularly for the development of new anti-infective agents that could be a useful reference for pharmaceutical scientists.
Topics: Chalcone; Chalcones; Antifungal Agents; Vancomycin; Antimalarials; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Indomethacin; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Lipoxygenases; Tetracyclines; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 36296655
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207062 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2020Antimicrobial discovery in the age of antibiotic resistance has demanded the prioritization of non-conventional therapies that act on new targets or employ novel... (Review)
Review
Antimicrobial discovery in the age of antibiotic resistance has demanded the prioritization of non-conventional therapies that act on new targets or employ novel mechanisms. Among these, supramolecular antimicrobial peptide assemblies have emerged as attractive therapeutic platforms, operating as both the bactericidal agent and delivery vector for combinatorial antibiotics. Leveraging their programmable inter- and intra-molecular interactions, peptides can be engineered to form higher ordered monolithic or co-assembled structures, including nano-fibers, -nets, and -tubes, where their unique bifunctionalities often emerge from the supramolecular state. Further advancements have included the formation of macroscopic hydrogels that act as bioresponsive, bactericidal materials. This systematic review covers recent advances in the development of supramolecular antimicrobial peptide technologies and discusses their potential impact on future drug discovery efforts.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Drug Discovery; Humans; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; Protein Structure, Secondary
PubMed: 32545885
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122751 -
Editorial: Infectious Agent-Induced Chronic Immune Activation: Causes, Phenotypes, and Consequences.Frontiers in Immunology 2021
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Humans; Infections; Phenotype
PubMed: 34956176
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740556 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2022Electrolyzed water (EW) is a new type of cleaning and disinfecting agent obtained by means of electrolysis with a dilute sodium chloride solution. It has low cost and... (Review)
Review
Electrolyzed water (EW) is a new type of cleaning and disinfecting agent obtained by means of electrolysis with a dilute sodium chloride solution. It has low cost and harm to the human body and is also friendly to the environment. The anode produces acidic electrolyzed water (AEW), which is mainly used to inhibit bacterial growth and disinfect. The cathode provides basic electrolyzed water (BEW), which is implemented to promote human health. EW is a powerful multifunctional antibacterial agent with a wide range of applications in the medicine, agriculture, and food industry. Studies in vitro and in vivo show that it has an inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Therefore, EW is used to prevent chronic diseases, while it has been found to be effective against various kinds of infectious viruses. Animal experiments and clinical trials clearly showed that it accelerates wound healing, and has positive effects in oral health care, anti-obesity, lowering blood sugar, anti-cancer and anti-infectious viral diseases. This review article summarizes the application of EW in treating bacteria and viruses, the prevention of chronic diseases, and health promotion.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Disease Management; Disinfectants; Disinfection; Electrolysis; Food Microbiology; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Water; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 35209015
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041222 -
The Journal of Antimicrobial... Jan 2020Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is responsible for 20% to 60% of cases of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients and is associated with increased morbidity and... (Review)
Review
Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is responsible for 20% to 60% of cases of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Antimicrobials are one of the most common classes of medications prescribed globally and also among the most common causes of nephrotoxicity. A broad range of antimicrobial agents have been associated with nephrotoxicity, but the features of kidney injury vary based on the agent, its mechanism of injury and the site of toxicity within the kidney. Distinguishing nephrotoxicity caused by an antimicrobial agent from other potential inciting factors is important to facilitate both early recognition of drug toxicity and prompt cessation of an offending drug, as well as to avoid unnecessary discontinuation of an innocuous therapy. This review will detail the different types of antimicrobial-induced nephrotoxicity: acute tubular necrosis, acute interstitial nephritis and obstructive nephropathy. It will also describe the mechanism of injury caused by specific antimicrobial agents and classes (vancomycin, aminoglycosides, polymyxins, antivirals, amphotericin B), highlight the toxicodynamics of these drugs and provide guidance on administration or monitoring practices that can mitigate toxicity, when known. Particular attention will be paid to paediatric patients, when applicable, in whom nephrotoxin exposure is an often-underappreciated cause of kidney injury.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Anti-Infective Agents; Child; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Nephritis, Interstitial
PubMed: 31369087
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz325 -
Nutrients Nov 2022Emerging antimicrobial resistance in respiratory infections requires novel intervention strategies. Non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) are a diverse group of... (Review)
Review
Emerging antimicrobial resistance in respiratory infections requires novel intervention strategies. Non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) are a diverse group of carbohydrates with broad protective effects. In addition to promoting the colonization of beneficial gut microbiota and maintaining the intestinal homeostasis, NDOs act as decoy receptors, effectively blocking the attachment of pathogens on host cells. NDOs also function as a bacteriostatic agent, inhibiting the growth of specific pathogenic bacteria. Based on this fact, NDOs potentiate the actions of antimicrobial drugs. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in characterizing the anti-infective properties of NDOs. This focused review provides insights into the mechanisms by which representative NDOs may suppress respiratory infections by targeting pathogens and host cells. We summarized the most interesting mechanisms of NDOs, including maintenance of gut microbiota homeostasis, interference with TLR-mediated signaling, anti-oxidative effects and bacterial toxin neutralization, bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects, and anti-adhesion or anti-invasive properties. A detailed understanding of anti-infective mechanisms of NDOs against respiratory pathogens may contribute to the development of add-on therapy or alternatives to antimicrobials.
Topics: Humans; Oligosaccharides; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Intestines; Anti-Infective Agents; Respiratory Tract Infections
PubMed: 36501062
DOI: 10.3390/nu14235033 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2023Thyme oil (TO) is derived from the flowers of various plants belonging to the genus . It has been used as a therapeutic agent since ancient times. comprises numerous... (Review)
Review
Thyme oil (TO) is derived from the flowers of various plants belonging to the genus . It has been used as a therapeutic agent since ancient times. comprises numerous molecular species exhibiting diverse therapeutic properties that are dependent on their biologically active concentrations in the extracted oil. It is therefore not surprising that oils extracted from different thyme plants present different therapeutic properties. Furthermore, the phenophase of the same plant species has been shown to yield different anti-inflammatory properties. Given the proven efficacy of TO and the diversity of its constituents, a better understanding of the interactions of the various components is warranted. The aim of this review is to gather the latest research findings regarding TO and its components with respect to their immunomodulatory properties. An optimization of the various components has the potential to yield more effective thyme formulations with increased potency.
Topics: Oils, Volatile; Thymol; Anti-Infective Agents; Plant Oils; Monoterpenes
PubMed: 37108100
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086936 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2021Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a strong antioxidant extracted from honey bee-hive propolis. The mentioned compound, a well-known NF-κB inhibitor, has been used... (Review)
Review
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a strong antioxidant extracted from honey bee-hive propolis. The mentioned compound, a well-known NF-κB inhibitor, has been used in traditional medicine as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. CAPE has a broad spectrum of biological properties including anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, and wound-healing activities. This review characterizes published data about CAPE biological properties and potential therapeutic applications, that can be used in various diseases.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Caffeic Acids; Humans; Phenylethyl Alcohol
PubMed: 33801469
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051335 -
BioMed Research International 2022or Tongkat Ali (family: Simaroubaceae) has the potential to be utilised as an antimicrobial and antiparasitic agent that correlated with its traditional use to treat... (Review)
Review
or Tongkat Ali (family: Simaroubaceae) has the potential to be utilised as an antimicrobial and antiparasitic agent that correlated with its traditional use to treat jaundice, malaria, antiseptic agent, and many more. This review is aimed at systematically sieving through articles regarding the antimicrobial and antiparasitic activity of . A total of 123 studies have been found using suitable keywords and manually searched from previous studies through the four databases. After title screening and abstract examination, 56 articles were excluded due to duplication and not meeting the acceptance criteria. 67 articles were assessed on full-text accessibility, 31 studies remained, and this number decreased to 20 articles after a careful examination of the full-text articles. Among the 20 articles selected, 17 articles proved the potential of as an antimicrobial and antiparasitic agent efficiently. 2 selected articles showed partial positive results, which specified specific microorganisms tested. In contrast, another 1 article gave a completely negative result. As for the conclusion, current studies highlighted by this review may shed light on the future direction of studies concerning as a novel antimicrobial and antiparasitic agent. However, more research should be done in the future focusing on the efficiency of for veterinary medicine utilisation.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antiparasitic Agents; Eurycoma; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots
PubMed: 35845951
DOI: 10.1155/2022/4999797 -
Molecular Diversity Jun 2023The discovery of nalidixic acid is one pinnacle in medicinal chemistry, which opened a new area of research that has led to the discovery of several life-saving... (Review)
Review
The discovery of nalidixic acid is one pinnacle in medicinal chemistry, which opened a new area of research that has led to the discovery of several life-saving antimicrobial agents (generally referred to as fluoroquinolones) for over decades. Although fluoroquinolones are frequently encountered in the literature, the utility of quinolone compounds extends far beyond the applications of fluoroquinolones. Quinolone-based compounds have been reported for activity against malaria, tuberculosis, fungal and helminth infections, etc. Hence, the quinolone scaffold is of great interest to several researchers in diverse disciplines. This article highlights the versatility of the quinolone pharmacophore as a therapeutic agent beyond the fluoroquinolone profile.
Topics: Humans; Quinolones; Fluoroquinolones; Anti-Infective Agents; Tuberculosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36527518
DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10581-8