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Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Nov 2020The unique properties of polymer-hybrid nanosystems enable them to play an important role in different fields such as biomedical applications. Hybrid materials, which... (Review)
Review
The unique properties of polymer-hybrid nanosystems enable them to play an important role in different fields such as biomedical applications. Hybrid materials, which are formed by polymer and inorganic- or organic-base systems, have been the focus of many recently published studies whose results have shown outstanding improvements in drug targeting. The development of hybrid polymer materials can avoid the synthesis of new molecules, which is an overall expensive process that can take several years to get to the proper elaboration and approval. Thus, the combination of properties in a single hybrid system can have several advantages over non-hybrid platforms, such as improvements in circulation time, structural disintegration, high stability, premature release, low encapsulation rate and unspecific release kinetics. Thus, the aim of the present review is to outline a rapid and well-oriented scenario concerning the knowledge about polymer-hybrid nanoparticles use in biomedical platforms. Furthermore, the ultimate methodologies adopted in synthesis processes, as well as in applications in vitro/in vivo, are the focus of this review.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Nanoparticles; Polymerization; Polymers
PubMed: 32920512
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110695 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2020Cancer is one of the most extreme medical conditions in both developing and developed countries around the world, causing millions of deaths each year. Chemotherapy... (Review)
Review
Cancer is one of the most extreme medical conditions in both developing and developed countries around the world, causing millions of deaths each year. Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy are key for treatment approaches, but both have numerous adverse health effects. Furthermore, the resistance of cancerous cells to anticancer medication leads to treatment failure. The rising burden of cancer overall requires novel efficacious treatment modalities. Natural medications offer feasible alternative options against malignancy in contrast to western medication. Furanocoumarins' defensive and restorative impacts have been observed in leukemia, glioma, breast, lung, renal, liver, colon, cervical, ovarian, and prostate malignancies. Experimental findings have shown that furanocoumarins activate multiple signaling pathways, leading to apoptosis, autophagy, antioxidant, antimetastatic, and cell cycle arrest in malignant cells. Additionally, furanocoumarins have been shown to have chemo preventive and chemotherapeutic synergistic potential when used in combination with other anticancer drugs. Here, we address different pathways which are activated by furanocoumarins and their therapeutic efficacy in various tumors. Ideally, this review will trigger interest in furanocoumarins and their potential efficacy and safety as a cancer lessening agents.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Autophagy; Biological Availability; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Furocoumarins; Humans; Neoplasms
PubMed: 32781533
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165622 -
Medecine Sciences : M/S Oct 2022For therapeutic purposes, the development of new anti-cancer drugs requires their evaluation in terms of activity, cytotoxicity and pharmacokinetics. The candidate drugs... (Review)
Review
For therapeutic purposes, the development of new anti-cancer drugs requires their evaluation in terms of activity, cytotoxicity and pharmacokinetics. The candidate drugs are tested in vitro on cell lines and primary cells isolated from patients, and in vivo, often, using xenografts in immuno-compromised mice. In recent years, administrative constraints have become increasingly stringent and the 3R rule (reduce, refine, replace) requires the elaboration of alternative models capable to replace mouse models or at least to limit their use. Among them, xenograft on chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM assay) seems particularly efficient. It makes it possible to monitor and quantify tumor growth and tumor-associated parameters such as neoangiogenesis, invasion and migration. It allows the screening of drugs effective both on tumor cells and their microenvironment. Finally, the model seems adapted to the development of personalized medicine to which current research in cancerology is tending. In this context, this review focuses on the technique itself and its advantages.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Chick Embryo; Chickens; Chorioallantoic Membrane; Female; Humans; Mice; Neoplasms; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 36219079
DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022123 -
Cancer Discovery May 2022A hallmark of cancer is cell death evasion, underlying suboptimal responses to chemotherapy, targeted agents, and immunotherapies. The approval of the antiapoptotic BCL2... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
A hallmark of cancer is cell death evasion, underlying suboptimal responses to chemotherapy, targeted agents, and immunotherapies. The approval of the antiapoptotic BCL2 antagonist venetoclax has finally validated the potential of targeting apoptotic pathways in patients with cancer. Nevertheless, pharmacologic modulators of cell death have shown markedly varied responses in preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we review emerging concepts in the use of this class of therapies. Building on these observations, we propose that treatment-induced changes in apoptotic dependency, rather than pretreatment dependencies, will need to be recognized and targeted to realize the precise deployment of these new pharmacologic agents.
SIGNIFICANCE
Targeting antiapoptotic family members has proven efficacious and tolerable in some cancers, but responses are infrequent, particularly for patients with solid tumors. Biomarkers to aid patient selection have been lacking. Precision functional approaches that overcome adaptive resistance to these compounds could drive durable responses to chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapies.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Humans; Neoplasms; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
PubMed: 35491624
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-21-1334 -
Drug Delivery and Translational Research Apr 2020The malignant brain cancer, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is heterogeneous, infiltrative, and associated with chemo- and radioresistance. Despite pharmacological... (Review)
Review
The malignant brain cancer, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is heterogeneous, infiltrative, and associated with chemo- and radioresistance. Despite pharmacological advances, prognosis is poor. Delivery into the brain is hampered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits the efficacy of both conventional and novel therapies at the target site. Current treatments for GBM remain palliative rather than curative; therefore, innovative delivery strategies are required and nanoparticles (NPs) are at the forefront of future solutions. Since the FDA approval of Doxil® (1995) and Abraxane (2005), the first generation of nanomedicines, development of nano-based therapies as anti-cancer treatments has escalated. A new generation of NPs has been investigated to efficiently deliver therapeutic agents to the brain, overcoming the restrictive properties of the BBB. This review discusses obstacles encountered with systemic administration along with integration of NPs incorporated with conventional and emerging treatments. Barriers to brain drug delivery, NP transport mechanisms across the BBB, effect of opsonisation on NPs administered systemically, and peptides as NP systems are addressed.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Neoplasms; Drug Compounding; Drug Delivery Systems; Glioblastoma; Humans; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 31728942
DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00679-2 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2023Despite the many strategies employed to slow the spread of cancer, the development of new anti-tumor drugs and the minimization of side effects have been major research... (Review)
Review
Despite the many strategies employed to slow the spread of cancer, the development of new anti-tumor drugs and the minimization of side effects have been major research hotspots in the anti-tumor field. Natural drugs are a huge treasure trove of drug development, and they have been widely used in the clinic as anti-tumor drugs. species in the family are widely distributed worldwide, and they have been well-documented in clinical practice for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Biflavonoids are the main active ingredients in , and they have good biological and anti-tumor activities, which warrant extensive research. The promise of biflavonoids from (SFB) in the field of cancer therapy is being realized thanks to new research that offers insights into the multi-targeting therapeutic mechanisms and key signaling pathways. The pharmacological effects of SFB against various cancers in vitro and in vivo are reviewed in this review. In addition, the types and characteristics of biflavonoid structures are described in detail; we also provide a brief summary of the efforts to develop drug delivery systems or combinations to enhance the bioavailability of SFB monomers. In conclusion, SFB species have great potential to be developed as adjuvant or even primary therapeutic agents for cancer, with promising applications.
Topics: Biflavonoids; Plant Extracts; Selaginellaceae; Antineoplastic Agents; Biological Availability
PubMed: 37175435
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097731 -
Discovery Medicine 2021In recent years, nanotechnology has been widely used in the field of tumor treatment. Some nanomedicine applications have been approved for tumor treatment, but... (Review)
Review
In recent years, nanotechnology has been widely used in the field of tumor treatment. Some nanomedicine applications have been approved for tumor treatment, but nanomedicine has not so far demonstrated the anticipated therapeutic effect. In this process, the tumor microenvironment plays a major role. The tumor microenvironment is an internal environment that supports tumor occurrence, development, and metastasis. It is composed of tumor cells and related cells, intercellular substances, capillaries, and biomolecules that pervade both the tumor mass itself and its surrounding area. The tumor microenvironment can be a potential target for tumor treatment. Therefore, nano-antitumor therapy targeting the tumor microenvironment has received widespread attention. This therapy is based on the physiological characteristics of tumors that differ from those of normal tissues. The tumor microenvironment is used as a therapeutic target, and drugs are delivered to the tumor site through nanoparticles-enabled targeting to achieve fast, controllable, and efficient tumor killing. This article reviews basic research such as design principles and applications of nano-antitumor therapeutic strategies targeting the tumor microenvironment, providing a theoretical basis and new research ideas for tumor treatment.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 35219350
DOI: No ID Found -
Drug Delivery Dec 2022Cancer is the second cause of mortality worldwide, and the currently available conventional treatment approach is associated with serious side effects and poor clinical... (Review)
Review
Cancer is the second cause of mortality worldwide, and the currently available conventional treatment approach is associated with serious side effects and poor clinical outcomes. Based on the outcome of the exploratory preclinical and clinical studies, it was found that therapeutic response increases multiple folds when anticancer drugs are used in combination. However, the conventional combination of anticancer drugs was associated with various limitations such as increased cost of treatment, systemic toxicity, drug resistance, and reduced pharmacokinetic attributes. Hence, attempts were made to formulate nanocarrier fabricated combinatorial drugs (NFCDs) to effectively manage and treat cancer. This approach offers several advantages, such as improved stability, lower drug exposure, targeted drug delivery, low side effects, and improved clinical outcome. Hence, in this review, first time, we have discussed the recent advancement and various types of nano carrier-based combinatorial drug delivery systems in a different type of cancer and highlighted the personalized combinatorial theranostic medicine as a futuristic anticancer treatment approach.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms
PubMed: 36226570
DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2132018 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Sep 2023The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in modulating host health and disease. It serves as a vast reservoir of functional molecules that hold great potential for...
The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in modulating host health and disease. It serves as a vast reservoir of functional molecules that hold great potential for clinical applications. One specific area of interest is identifying anticancer peptides (ACPs) for innovative cancer therapies. However, ACPs discovery is hindered by a heavy reliance on experimental methodologies. To overcome this limitation, we here employed a novel approach by leveraging the overlap between ACPs and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). By combining well-established AMP prediction methods with mining techniques in metagenomic cohorts, a total of 40 potential ACPs is identified. Out of the identified ACPs, 39 demonstrated inhibitory effects against at least one cancer cell line, exhibiting significant differences from known ACPs. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of the two most promising peptides in a mouse xenograft cancer model is evaluated. Encouragingly, the peptides exhibit effective tumor inhibition without any detectable toxic effects. Interestingly, both peptides display uncommon secondary structures, highlighting its distinctive characteristics. This findings highlight the efficacy of the multi-center mining approach, which effectively uncovers novel ACPs from the gut microbiome. This approach has significant implications for expanding treatment options not only for CRC, but also for other cancer types.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Antineoplastic Agents; Metagenome; Peptides; Neoplasms; Cell Line
PubMed: 37382183
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300107 -
Chemistry (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Nov 2019The covalent conjugation of potent cytotoxic agents to either macromolecular carriers or small molecules represents a well-known approach to increase the therapeutic... (Review)
Review
The covalent conjugation of potent cytotoxic agents to either macromolecular carriers or small molecules represents a well-known approach to increase the therapeutic index of these drugs, thus improving treatment efficacy and minimizing side effects. In general, cytotoxic activity is displayed only upon cleavage of a specific chemical bond (linker) that connects the drug to the carrier. The perfect balance between the linker stability and its selective cleavage represents the key for success in these therapeutic approaches and the chemical toolbox to reach this goal is continuously expanding. In this Review article, we highlight recent advances on the different modalities to promote the selective release of cytotoxic agents, either by exploiting specific hallmarks of the tumor microenvironment (e.g. pH, enzyme expression) or by the application of external triggers (e.g. light and bioorthogonal reactions).
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Carriers; Drug Liberation; Enzymes; Humans; Hydrolysis; Infrared Rays; Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 31418970
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903127