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Future Science OA Dec 2019is known to affect cattle, but was never isolated as a cause of human urinary tract infections.
AIM
is known to affect cattle, but was never isolated as a cause of human urinary tract infections.
CLINICAL CASE
A 69-year-old male presented for recurring low urinary tract symptoms after a 20-day ciprofloxacin regimen for prostatitis. He previously underwent open right nephrolithotomy and left ureterovesical junction reimplantation for an iatrogenic distal ureteral stricture. Computed tomography showed spontaneous cortical calcifications; renoscopy was performed and deep cultures from the pelvis were taken; culture on chocolate agar revealed . Intravenous teicoplanin for 3 weeks resulted in resolution of low urinary tract symptoms with regression of bladder and ureteral thickening.
CONCLUSION
can cause encrusted pyelitis in humans especially evoked in a context of persisting or recurring urinary tract infections.
PubMed: 31915531
DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2019-0021 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Dec 2020We report the case of a 90-year-old female who was admitted to our hospital due to a three-day history of right abdominal pain and fever of 39 °C (102 °F). The...
We report the case of a 90-year-old female who was admitted to our hospital due to a three-day history of right abdominal pain and fever of 39 °C (102 °F). The patient's blood pressure was low, with good blood perfusion and no jaundice, and her abdomen was soft and tender in the right hypochondriac and lateral region, with no guarding. Laboratory tests showed: blood glucose level of 201 mg/dl, 362 U/l AST, 237 U/l ALT, 2.5 mg/dl bilirubin, 237 U/l alkaline phosphatase and leukocytosis associated with a left shift. An abdominal ultrasound scan showed a collection of echogenic material and a shadow suggestive of air in hepatic segment 3. Meropenem and metronidazole treatment was started after taking blood cultures, which were negative. A computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the presence of a liver abscess in segment 3, containing a high-density linear image.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Arcanobacterium; Female; Humans; Liver Abscess; Metronidazole; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33054279
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2020.7029/2020 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Many species of bacteria produce toxins such as cholesterol-dependent cytolysins that form pores in cell membranes. Membrane pores facilitate infection by releasing...
Many species of bacteria produce toxins such as cholesterol-dependent cytolysins that form pores in cell membranes. Membrane pores facilitate infection by releasing nutrients, delivering virulence factors, and causing lytic cell damage - cytolysis. Oxysterols are oxidized forms of cholesterol that regulate cellular cholesterol and alter immune responses to bacteria. Whether oxysterols also influence the protection of cells against pore-forming toxins is unresolved. Here we tested the hypothesis that oxysterols stimulate the intrinsic protection of epithelial cells against damage caused by cholesterol-dependent cytolysins. We treated epithelial cells with oxysterols and then challenged them with the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, pyolysin. Treating HeLa cells with 27-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, 7α-hydroxycholesterol, or 7β-hydroxycholesterol reduced pyolysin-induced leakage of lactate dehydrogenase and reduced pyolysin-induced cytolysis. Specifically, treatment with 10 ng/ml 27-hydroxycholesterol for 24 h reduced pyolysin-induced lactate dehydrogenase leakage by 88%, and reduced cytolysis from 74% to 1%. Treating HeLa cells with 27-hydroxycholesterol also reduced pyolysin-induced leakage of potassium ions, prevented mitogen-activated protein kinase cell stress responses, and limited alterations in the cytoskeleton. Furthermore, 27-hydroxycholesterol reduced pyolysin-induced damage in lung and liver epithelial cells, and protected against the cytolysins streptolysin O and α-hemolysin. Although oxysterols regulate cellular cholesterol by activating liver X receptors, cytoprotection did not depend on liver X receptors or changes in total cellular cholesterol. However, oxysterol cytoprotection was partially dependent on acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) reducing accessible cholesterol in cell membranes. Collectively, these findings imply that oxysterols stimulate the intrinsic protection of epithelial cells against pore-forming toxins and may help protect tissues against pathogenic bacteria.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Epithelial Cells; HeLa Cells; Hemolysin Proteins; Humans; Oxysterols; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 35154132
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.815775 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2021For the last 13 years, the fur industry in Europe has suffered from epidemic spouts of a severe necrotizing pyoderma. It affects all species currently farmed for fur and...
For the last 13 years, the fur industry in Europe has suffered from epidemic spouts of a severe necrotizing pyoderma. It affects all species currently farmed for fur and causes animal welfare problems and significant losses to the farmers. The causative agent of this disease was identified as . Previously, this bacterium has been isolated from seals and other marine mammals, apparently causing wound and lung infections. Attempts at antibiotic treatment have been unsuccessful and the current advice on preventing the disease is to cull all animals with clinical signs. This poses an urgent question regarding possible vaccine development, as well as the need for further understanding of the pathogenicity of this organism. This study compared the whole genomes of 42 strains isolated from seals, blue foxes, finnraccoons, mink and otter. The sequences were created using the Illumina technology and annotations were done using the RAST pipeline. A phylogenetic analysis identified a clear separation between the seal strains and the fur-animal-derived isolates, but also indicated that the bacterium readily adapts to new environments and host species with reasonable diversity. A pan- and core-genome was created and analyzed for proteins. A further analysis identified several virulence factors as well as multiple putative and secreted proteins of special interest for vaccine development.
PubMed: 34207365
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060740 -
Microbes and Environments 2023The umbilicus accumulates more dirt than other body surfaces and is difficult to clean. Hygiene in this area is vital, particularly for surgery, because of its proximity...
The umbilicus accumulates more dirt than other body surfaces and is difficult to clean. Hygiene in this area is vital, particularly for surgery, because of its proximity to the laparotomy site. Although microorganisms in the umbilicus have been extensively examined, those in umbilical dirt have not due to the lack of an efficient method of collection. We previously established a technique to extract umbilical dirt using the anchor effect of polymers, which are injected into the umbilicus. In the present study, we applied this technique for the first time to investigate umbilical dirt. The results obtained revealed an abundance of Corynebacterium among various bacteria, whereas Cutibacterium and Staphylococcus, which are abundant at other skin sites, were rare. The relationships between the microbiota and issues related to the umbilicus were investigated and some covariates, including the odor score and several bacteria, were identified. A detailed ana-lysis of the genera associated with odor revealed no correlation with Corynebacterium; however, some minor anaerobic bacteria, such as Mobiluncus, Arcanobacterium, and Peptoniphilus, were more abundant in the high odor score group. Therefore, this technique to collect umbilical dirt provided insights into the microbiota in umbilical dirt and suggested functions for minor anaerobes. Furthermore, since various pathogenic microorganisms were detected, their control may contribute to the prevention of both odor production and infectious diseases caused by these microorganisms.
Topics: Umbilicus; Odorants; Microbiota; Bacteria; Bacteria, Anaerobic; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 37407492
DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.ME23007 -
IDCases 2023to describe a case of severe sepsis and complicated bacteremia caused by cases in the literature.
OBJECTIVE
to describe a case of severe sepsis and complicated bacteremia caused by cases in the literature.
CASE SUMMARY
A 26-year-old gentleman with a history of epilepsy presented with symptoms of sore throat, productive cough, periumbilical abdominal pain, watery diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, subjective fevers along with progressive jaundice for seven days. The patient had acute fulminant liver failure, septic shock, and Multi-organ failure. He required vasopressors, underwent intubation, and had grown in the blood and Bronchoalveolar lavage samples. He developed a peritonsillar abscess and cavitary pneumonia and required chest tube drainage followed by thoracotomy for hemothorax. The patient improved on Ampicillin-Sulbactam treatment and was treated with a total antibiotic duration of 6 weeks. He fully improved on post-discharge follow-up.
DISCUSSION
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is a Gram-positive (sometimes Gram variable), catalase-negative facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, and variably β-hemolytic and is known to be a cause of pharyngitis and skin and soft tissue infections. Rarely A. Haemolyticum can be associated with severe systemic infections such as infective endocarditis, systemic abscesses, osteomyelitis, and septicemia. In previous literature reviews, the source of A. haemolyticum depended on the host, and pharyngeal and upper respiratory sources were likely to be associated with immunocompetent hosts.
CONCLUSION
A. haemolyticum should be included in the differential diagnosis of bacterial pharyngitis complicated by severe systemic illness. Penicillins are the most commonly used antibiotics for treating A. haemolyticum bacteremia, and macrolides can be used for Penicillin's treatment failure.
PubMed: 36579145
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01645 -
Animal Reproduction 2022The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of some oxidative stress (OS), ceruloplasmin (Cp), and neopterin (NPT) as diagnostic biomarkers for dromedary camels...
The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of some oxidative stress (OS), ceruloplasmin (Cp), and neopterin (NPT) as diagnostic biomarkers for dromedary camels endometritis as well as to explore the impact of ceftiofur treatment on endometritis. Camels were categorized into two groups; healthy control group (n = 20) and endometritis group (n = 60). She-camels with clinical signs of endometritis (CE) received 6.6 mg/kg BW of ceftiofur (i/m). On days 7, and 14, she-camels were evaluated and clinical cure or failure to cure was determined. The comparison of the groups for OS demonstrated that endometritis caused an increase in serum malondialdehyde (sMDA), Cp, and NPT levels (P<0.05), but decreased serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) (P<0.05). The most prevalent pathogens involved in the etiology of CE are All examined biomarkers demonstrated a high degree of recognition between CE camel and healthy controls (the area under the curve (AUC) was 95.9 for NPT). A higher proportion of camels with CE that were treated with ceftiofur (90%, P<0.0001) showed clinical cure by the first dose, while 10% required a second dose. In conclusion, CE causes increased oxidative reactions and decreased antioxidant defense competence. Subsequently, the alteration in that balance that was represented by the biomarkers of OS could be beneficial for clinical practice and basic clinical research. Additionally, all trials demonstrated the efficacy of ceftiofur for the treatment of CE in she-camel.
PubMed: 36156882
DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-AR2022-0035 -
Revista Argentina de Microbiologia 2020We report the case of a twenty-year-old immunocompetent male patient presenting to the emergency room with pharyngitis and fever. Blood cultures were drawn and...
We report the case of a twenty-year-old immunocompetent male patient presenting to the emergency room with pharyngitis and fever. Blood cultures were drawn and Arcanobacterium haemolyticum (rough biotype) was recovered. The presence of the arcanolysin gene was investigated at the molecular level and the upstream region was amplified and sequenced in order to correlate it with the smooth or rough biotype. Although the isolate was susceptible to penicillin, vancomycin and gentamicin, empirical treatments first with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (1g/12h) and then with ceftriaxone (1g/12h) failed and the infection evolved to sepsis. Finally, treatment with vancomycin (1g/12h) plus piperacillin/tazobactam (4.5g/8h) was effective. Lemierre's syndrome was ruled out. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of bacteremia by A. haemolyticum reported in Argentina.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Adult; Arcanobacterium; Bacteremia; Humans; Male; Sepsis; Young Adult
PubMed: 32201068
DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2020.01.001 -
Cureus Sep 2023We are reporting a very rare case of an invasive infection with and that resulted in meningitis, cerebral edema, and subdural empyema secondary to upper respiratory...
We are reporting a very rare case of an invasive infection with and that resulted in meningitis, cerebral edema, and subdural empyema secondary to upper respiratory infection (URI) and sinusitis in an immunocompetent adolescent patient. Our patient is a 17-year-old male with no significant medical history who presented to his pediatrician with a fever for three days, was diagnosed with a viral URI, and instructed to continue symptomatic care. Seven days later, the patient developed a headache, left-sided weakness, and continued to spike fever. The patient presented to the Emergency Center due to altered mental status, worsening left-sided weakness, and difficulty speaking. Head computed tomography (CT) scan showed small right-sided fluid collection with right-to-left midline shift and marked opacification of paranasal sinuses with air-fluid levels in frontal sinuses. The patient underwent an emergent craniotomy that revealed subdural empyema under high pressure and was started on vancomycin, cefepime, metronidazole, and levetiracetam. Six hours after his craniotomy, the patient developed fixed dilatation of his right-side pupil and a head CT scan showed developing ischemic changes and increased in his midline shift which prompted to emergent right decompressive craniectomy. The following day of his surgery, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed large acute infarctions of the right hemisphere, edema, and subfalcine herniation. Two brain death exams - 12 hours apart - were performed in which criteria for brain death were met. The patient's subdural empyema culture grew and .
PubMed: 37790026
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44517