-
Current Opinion in Lipidology Oct 2021This study reviews the mechanisms of HDL cholesterol immunomodulation in the context of the mechanisms of chronic inflammation and immunosuppression causing persistent... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This study reviews the mechanisms of HDL cholesterol immunomodulation in the context of the mechanisms of chronic inflammation and immunosuppression causing persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome (PICS) and describes potential therapies and gaps in current research.
RECENT FINDINGS
Low HDL cholesterol is predictive of acute sepsis severity and outcome. Recent research has indicated apolipoprotein is a prognostic indicator of long-term outcomes. The pathobiologic mechanisms of PICS have been elucidated in the past several years. Recent research of the interaction of HDL pathways in related chronic inflammatory diseases may provide insights into further mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
SUMMARY
HDL significantly influences innate and adaptive immune pathways relating to chronic disease and inflammation. Further research is needed to better characterize these interactions in the setting of PICS.
Topics: Critical Illness; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunosuppression Therapy; Inflammation; Syndrome
PubMed: 34374677
DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000782 -
Kidney360 Dec 2022
Topics: Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents
PubMed: 36591358
DOI: 10.34067/KID.0005652022 -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Jan 2023This article is linked to Woelfel et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17264
This article is linked to Woelfel et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17264
Topics: Humans; COVID-19 Vaccines; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immune Tolerance
PubMed: 36480719
DOI: 10.1111/apt.17276 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2022While most viral infections cause mild symptoms and a spontaneous favorable resolution, some can lead to severe or protracted manifestations, specifically in... (Review)
Review
While most viral infections cause mild symptoms and a spontaneous favorable resolution, some can lead to severe or protracted manifestations, specifically in immunocompromised hosts. Kidney injuries related to viral infections may have multiple causes related to the infection severity, drug toxicity or direct or indirect viral-associated nephropathy. We review here the described virus-associated nephropathies in order to guide diagnosis strategies and treatments in cases of acute kidney injury (AKI) occurring concomitantly with a viral infection. The occurrence of virus-associated nephropathy depends on multiple factors: the local epidemiology of the virus, its ability to infect renal cells and the patient's underlying immune response, which varies with the state of immunosuppression. Clear comprehension of pathophysiological mechanisms associated with a summary of described direct and indirect injuries should help physicians to diagnose and treat viral associated nephropathies.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Kidney; Kidney Transplantation; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 36233315
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912014 -
The Veterinary Quarterly Dec 2023Certain pathogens, due to their adverse effects on the immune reaction, aggravate the course of concomitant heterologous infections. Here we summarize mechanisms by... (Review)
Review
Certain pathogens, due to their adverse effects on the immune reaction, aggravate the course of concomitant heterologous infections. Here we summarize mechanisms by which circoviruses, including the most studied porcine circovirus 2, and other mammalian and avian circoviruses, trigger their own replication and confound the hosts' immune response. At different stages of infection, from latent state to disease induction, these viruses markedly influence the cellular signaling pathways. Circoviruses have been found to interfere with interferon and proinflammatory cytokine producing and responsive pathways. Apoptotic processes, altered cellular transport and constraint of the mitotic phase all support the viral replication. The cytokine imbalance and lymphocyte depletion, thus the impaired immunity, favors invasion of super- or co-infecting agents, which in concert with circoviruses induce illnesses with increased severity. The information summarized in this review point out the diversity of host and viral factors involved in the mechanisms of disease progression during circovirus infections.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Circovirus; Circoviridae Infections; Virus Replication; Immunosuppression Therapy; Cytokines; Swine Diseases; Mammals
PubMed: 37431709
DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2234430 -
Experimental and Clinical... Jul 2022
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; SARS-CoV-2; Transplant Recipients; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32967603
DOI: 10.6002/ect.2020.0179 -
Clinical Medicine (London, England) Mar 2020It is well recognised that kidney transplant recipients have an increased risk of cancers compared with the age and gender matched general population. Malignancy is one... (Review)
Review
It is well recognised that kidney transplant recipients have an increased risk of cancers compared with the age and gender matched general population. Malignancy is one of the commonest causes of death among this cohort after cardiovascular disease. This increased risk is largely attributable to the effect of immunosuppression, which impairs T cell function, immunosurveillance and the immunological control of oncogenic viral infections. Cancer related mortality rates are also higher in solid organ transplant recipients compared with the general population. While early diagnosis may improve outcomes in these patients, cancer screening is debatable given the lack of randomised controlled trials in this cohort, and treatment is often challenging. This article reviews the epidemiology and risk factors for the development of malignancy in the post-transplant setting, as well as screening guidelines for specific malignancies of which patients are at particular risk.
Topics: Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Kidney Transplantation; Neoplasms; Organ Transplantation; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32188647
DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.2019-0423 -
Molecular Cancer Apr 2024Cancer progression is continuously controlled by the immune system which can identify and destroy nascent tumor cells or inhibit metastatic spreading. However, the... (Review)
Review
Cancer progression is continuously controlled by the immune system which can identify and destroy nascent tumor cells or inhibit metastatic spreading. However, the immune system and its deregulated activity in the tumor microenvironment can also promote tumor progression favoring the outgrowth of cancers capable of escaping immune control, in a process termed cancer immunoediting. This process, which has been classified into three phases, i.e. "elimination", "equilibrium" and "escape", is influenced by several cancer- and microenvironment-dependent factors. Senescence is a cellular program primed by cells in response to different pathophysiological stimuli, which is based on long-lasting cell cycle arrest and the secretion of numerous bioactive and inflammatory molecules. Because of this, cellular senescence is a potent immunomodulatory factor promptly recruiting immune cells and actively promoting tissue remodeling. In the context of cancer, these functions can lead to both cancer immunosurveillance and immunosuppression. In this review, the authors will discuss the role of senescence in cancer immunoediting, highlighting its context- and timing-dependent effects on the different three phases, describing how senescent cells promote immune cell recruitment for cancer cell elimination or sustain tumor microenvironment inflammation for immune escape. A potential contribution of senescent cells in cancer dormancy, as a mechanism of therapy resistance and cancer relapse, will be discussed with the final objective to unravel the immunotherapeutic implications of senescence modulation in cancer.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Cellular Senescence; Immune System; Immunosuppression Therapy; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38561826
DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01973-5 -
Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 2021
Topics: COVID-19; Cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Immunosuppression Therapy; Leukopenia; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 33942769
DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.JPGM_55_21 -
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Sep 2023The rising incidence and persistent thrombosis in multiple cancers including those that are immunosuppressive highlight the need for understanding the tumor coagulome... (Review)
Review
The rising incidence and persistent thrombosis in multiple cancers including those that are immunosuppressive highlight the need for understanding the tumor coagulome system and its role beyond hemostatic complications. Immunotherapy has shown significant benefits in solid organ tumors but has been disappointing in the treatment of hypercoagulable cancers, such as glioblastoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Thus, targeting thrombosis to prevent immunosuppression seems a clinically viable approach in cancer treatment. Hypercoagulable tumors often develop fibrin clots within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that dictates the biophysical characteristics of the tumor tissue. The application of systems biology and single-cell approaches highlight the potential role of coagulome or thrombocytosis in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). In-depth knowledge of the tumor coagulome would provide unprecedented opportunities to better predict the hemostatic complications, explore how thrombotic stroma modulates tumor immunity, reexamine the significance of clinical biomarkers, and enable steering the stromal versus systemic immune response for boosting the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatment. We focus on the role of coagulation factors in priming a suppressive TIME and the huge potential of existing anticoagulant drugs in the clinical settings of cancer immunotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Tumor Microenvironment; Immunotherapy; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Immunosuppression Therapy; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal
PubMed: 37517779
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115027