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Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Apr 2022Stage III laryngeal collapse is defined as the collapse of the corniculate processes of the arytenoid cartilages and the destructuration of the dorsal portion of the...
Stage III laryngeal collapse is defined as the collapse of the corniculate processes of the arytenoid cartilages and the destructuration of the dorsal portion of the rima glottidis. The primary cause is chronic upper airway obstruction, and the condition is often present in brachycephalic dogs. The treatment is still controversial; the patients are generally treated with a permanent tracheostomy. This article reports the authors' experience with 16 dogs affected by stage III laryngeal collapse treated with subtotal epiglottectomy and the ablation of unilateral arytenoid cartilage. Before the surgery, all of the dogs underwent an effort test to classify the clinical severity of the disease and an endoscopic examination of the airways to determine the stage of severity of the laryngeal collapse. One month after surgery, the effort test was repeated in order to evaluate the clinical outcome. One year after surgery, the owners of 12 patients rated their dogs as follows: excellent in five cases, good in five cases, and fair in two cases. According to this pilot study, epiglottectomy associated with the photoablation of unilateral arytenoid cartilage increases airway flow, and thus may be considered a valid surgical procedure to treat dogs affected by grade III laryngeal collapse.
PubMed: 35565545
DOI: 10.3390/ani12091118 -
Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology May 2020The aim of the present study was to compare the videolaryngostroboscopic findings between patients with rheumatoid arthritis and vocally healthy controls.
INTRODUCTION
The aim of the present study was to compare the videolaryngostroboscopic findings between patients with rheumatoid arthritis and vocally healthy controls.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This case-control descriptive study was performed on 113 people, including 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 63 controls. The participants were subjected to videolaryngostroboscopic examinations in order to evaluate fundamental frequency, different structural vocal lesions, patterns of glottal closure, subglottal changes, supraglottis appearance, and movement patterns of the arytenoid cartilage. The obtained results were compared between the two research groups. Data analysis was performed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 24.0. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
The results revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the complete pattern (P=0.00) and strained state of glottal closure (P=0.00), pattern of subglottal changes (χ=25.98, df=2; P<0.001), and movement patterns of the arytenoid (χ=21.16, df=1; P<0.001). Additionally, based on the obtained frequencies, the two groups showed significant differences regarding the normal state of the larynx (P=0.00), hypertrophy of vocal fold (P=0.007), epithelial change (P=0.007), and Reinke's edema (P=0.001). However, the videolaryngostroboscopic examination results revealed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of polyp (P=0.20), nodule (P=0.57), sulcus vocalis (P=0.08), cyst (P=0.45), and atrophy of vocal folds (P=0.45).
CONCLUSION
It seems that rheumatoid arthritis affects the patterns of arytenoids movement, some kinds of glottal closure patterns, and subglottal changes. As the results indicated, the occurrence of some laryngeal structural changes was higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than in individuals without this disorder.
PubMed: 32596173
DOI: 10.22038/ijorl.2020.43213.2418 -
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Apr 2022Partial laryngectomy is an organ-sparing surgical procedure for the removal of laryngeal masses which has not been described in cats. The aim of this study was to report...
OBJECTIVES
Partial laryngectomy is an organ-sparing surgical procedure for the removal of laryngeal masses which has not been described in cats. The aim of this study was to report on the surgical procedure and the short- and long-term clinical outcomes of cats that underwent partial laryngectomy.
METHODS
Medical records were retrospectively collected over a 4-year period in two institutions. The following data were retrieved: signalment, history, clinical signs, diagnostic test results, surgical procedure, postoperative management, complications and outcome.
RESULTS
Six cats underwent partial laryngectomy. The most common clinical signs in cats with laryngeal masses were stridor (n = 4) and dyspnoea (n = 4). In all cats, a full-thickness portion of one or several laryngeal cartilages was resected, including thyroid cartilage alone (n = 2), thyroid cartilage and arytenoid (n = 2), and arytenoid cartilage and epiglottis (n = 2). The resected laryngeal masses were reported to be lymphoma (n = 3), carcinoma (n = 1), laryngeal cyst (n = 1) and inflammatory laryngeal disease (n = 1). All cats survived the surgical intervention of partial laryngectomy. Four cats showed varying degrees of respiratory distress in the short-term postoperative period. A temporary tracheostomy tube was placed in two cats. No other postoperative complications were noted in the short- or long-term. Four cats were still alive at the time of writing. These cats survived at least 252 days.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In a small number of cases, our results show that successful long-term outcomes after partial laryngectomy are achievable, with longer survival times than previously reported. Therefore, partial laryngectomy should be considered as a viable treatment option in cats with laryngeal masses.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cricoid Cartilage; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Laryngectomy; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34236002
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X211027488 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Feb 2024Vocal fold process avulsion results from trauma that detaches the vocal process and thyroarytenoid muscle from the body of the arytenoid cartilage. Vocal fold laxity...
Vocal fold process avulsion results from trauma that detaches the vocal process and thyroarytenoid muscle from the body of the arytenoid cartilage. Vocal fold laxity often causes severe dysphonia. Findings can be subtle. A high index of suspicion often permits diagnosis and effective surgical repair.
PubMed: 38323380
DOI: 10.1177/01455613241226860 -
The Journal of Neuroscience : the... Jan 2020In many species, vocal communication is essential for coordinating social behaviors including courtship, mating, parenting, rivalry, and alarm signaling. Effective... (Review)
Review
In many species, vocal communication is essential for coordinating social behaviors including courtship, mating, parenting, rivalry, and alarm signaling. Effective communication requires accurate production, detection, and classification of signals, as well as selection of socially appropriate responses. Understanding how signals are generated and how acoustic signals are perceived is key to understanding the neurobiology of social behaviors. Here we review our long-standing research program focused on , a frog genus which has provided valuable insights into the mechanisms and evolution of vertebrate social behaviors. In , vocal signals differ between the sexes, through development, and across the genus, reflecting evolutionary divergence in sensory and motor circuits that can be interrogated mechanistically. Using two preparations, the isolated brain and vocal organ, we have identified essential components of the vocal production system: the sexually differentiated larynx at the periphery, and the hindbrain vocal central pattern generator (CPG) centrally, that produce sex- and species-characteristic sound pulse frequencies and temporal patterns, respectively. Within the hindbrain, we have described how intrinsic membrane properties of neurons in the vocal CPG generate species-specific vocal patterns, how vocal nuclei are connected to generate vocal patterns, as well as the roles of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in activating the circuit. For sensorimotor integration, we identified a key forebrain node that links auditory and vocal production circuits to match socially appropriate vocal responses to acoustic features of male and female calls. The availability of a well supported phylogeny as well as reference genomes from several species now support analysis of the genetic architecture and the evolutionary divergence of neural circuits for vocal communication. thus provides a vertebrate model in which to study vocal communication at many levels, from physiology, to behavior, and from development to evolution. As one of the most comprehensively studied phylogenetic groups within vertebrate vocal communication systems, provides insights that can inform social communication across phyla.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Animal Communication; Animals; Arytenoid Cartilage; Biological Evolution; Central Pattern Generators; Female; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; In Vitro Techniques; Laryngeal Muscles; Laryngeal Nerves; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Nerve Net; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rhombencephalon; Sex Characteristics; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Behavior; Species Specificity; Vocalization, Animal; Xenopus laevis
PubMed: 31896561
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0736-19.2019 -
Veterinary Surgery : VS Oct 2022To assess the effect of repeated freezing and thawing on the suture pull-out strength in arytenoid and cricoid cartilages subjected to the laryngoplasty (LP) procedure.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of repeated freezing and thawing on the suture pull-out strength in arytenoid and cricoid cartilages subjected to the laryngoplasty (LP) procedure.
STUDY DESIGN
Ex vivo experimental study.
SAMPLE POPULATION
Ten grossly normal equine cadaveric larynges.
METHODS
Bilateral LP constructs were created using a standard LP technique. One hemilarynx was randomly allocated to the single freeze and thaw group and the other allocated to the repeated freeze and thaw (3 complete cycles) group. The suture ends of each LP construct were attached to a load frame and subjected to monotonic loading until construct failure. Mean load (N) and displacement (mm) at LP construct failure were compared between groups.
RESULTS
All LP constructs failed by suture pull through the arytenoid cartilage. The mean load at failure was similar between groups (118.9 ± 25.5 N in the single freeze and thaw group and 113.4 ± 20.5 N in the repeated freeze and thaw group, P = .62). The mean displacement at failure was similar between groups (54.4 ± 15.1 mm in the single freeze and thaw group and 54.4 ± 15.4 mm in the repeated freeze and thaw group, P = .99).
CONCLUSION
Repeated freezing and thawing did not affect the suture pullout strength of the arytenoid and cricoid cartilages.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Laryngeal specimens that have been subjected to repeated freezing and thawing can be utilized in the experimental evaluation of LP procedures because there is no alteration of the suture pull-out strength of the relevant cartilages.
Topics: Animals; Arytenoid Cartilage; Cadaver; Cricoid Cartilage; Freezing; Horses; Laryngoplasty; Sutures
PubMed: 35815735
DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13855 -
Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai... Jan 2023To study the application value of humidified high flow nasal cannula (HHFNC) combined with visual laryngoscopy in the arytenoid cartilage dislocation. Twenty-nine... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
To study the application value of humidified high flow nasal cannula (HHFNC) combined with visual laryngoscopy in the arytenoid cartilage dislocation. Twenty-nine patients with arytenoid cartilage dislocation were randomly double-blind into HHFNC group and general nasal catheter oxygen suction group, and the intraoperative and postoperative evaluation indicators, anesthesia-related indicators and postoperative vocal cord were compared. There were statistically significant differences in intraoperative blood oxygen saturation, microstream end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure EtCO₂, respiratory rate and respiratory intervention times between the two groups (<0.05), and statistically significant differences in postoperative heart rate, oxygen saturation and respiratory rate (<0.05). After reduction, the voice disturbance index, the degree of voice abnormality, rough voice, breath sound, powerless pronunciation and catatonic pronunciation changed significantly after operation. HHFNC combined with visual laryngoscopy in the arytenoid cartilage dislocation has high anesthetic safety, good cooperation of patients, and good surgical effect.
Topics: Humans; Cannula; Laryngoscopes; Laryngoscopy; Catheterization; Voice Disorders; Arytenoid Cartilage
PubMed: 36597372
DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2023.01.013 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Oct 2023Arytenoid cartilage dislocation is considered as a rare laryngeal injury and closed reduction is commonly used as the first choice for the arytenoid dislocation....
Arytenoid cartilage dislocation is considered as a rare laryngeal injury and closed reduction is commonly used as the first choice for the arytenoid dislocation. However, the tools of closed reduction vary, and there is no dedicated tool for closed reduction, and the treatment outcome varies from person to person. This study compared the treatment outcome of the modified laryngeal forceps and traditional laryngeal forceps. This study conformed to the strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology guidelines regarding retrospective studies. From May 2021 to February 2023, the records of 28 patients with arytenoid cartilage dislocation caused by endotracheal intubation were reviewed. They were divided into the traditional group ( = 14) and the modified group ( = 14) by gender. Indirect or direct laryngoscopy, video stroboscopy, high-resolution computed tomography, and cricoarytenoid joint 3-dimensional reconstruction were used to evaluate arytenoid position and motion. Clinical characteristics, voice function, procedural skill, and treatment outcome for each case were recorded. Each patient was diagnosed with arytenoid dislocation caused by endotracheal intubation. There was no significant difference in the treatment outcome between the traditional group and the modified group ( .05). However, the median time interval between closed reduction and the return of normal voice in the traditional group was 31.08 ± 10.56 days, which was significantly longer than the median time of 17.92 ± 3.83 days in the modified group ( < .05). Closed reduction with the modified laryngeal forceps under local anesthesia is an effective and safe procedure. Compared with traditional laryngeal forceps, the modified laryngeal forceps can shorten the treatment duration.
PubMed: 37840263
DOI: 10.1177/01455613231205529 -
The Laryngoscope Feb 2020The larynx is a highly responsive organ exposed to mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli. Chemicals elicit responses both in intraepithelial nerve fibers and in... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS
The larynx is a highly responsive organ exposed to mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli. Chemicals elicit responses both in intraepithelial nerve fibers and in specialized chemosensory cells, including scattered solitary cells as well as taste cells organized into taste buds. Activation of both chemosensory cells and taste buds in the larynx elicit cough, swallow, or apnea with exposure to sour or bitter substances, and even by water or sweet-tasting chemicals. In an effort to begin understanding their function, we sought to compare the distribution, density, and types of chemosensory cells and chemoresponsive nerve fibers in laryngeal epithelium of humans and mice.
STUDY DESIGN
Animal and human laboratory analysis.
METHODS
Using immunohistochemistry, we identified taste cells and polymodal nociceptive nerve fibers in the arytenoid area of the laryngeal epithelium of the following: 1) infants undergoing supraglottoplasty for laryngomalacia, and 2) a cadaveric specimen procured from a 34-year-old donor. We then compared these findings to both preweanling and mature mouse tissue.
RESULTS
Arytenoid tissue from both human and mouse contained many taste buds containing type II taste cells-bitter, sweet, or umami sensing-which were innervated by nerve fibers expressing P2X3 type adenosine triphosphate receptors. Type III cells (acid responsive) were also present, but they were fewer in human tissue than in equivalent tissue from mice. In both species, the epithelium was densely innervated by free nerve endings.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that from a standpoint of chemosensation, human and mouse larynges are biologically similar. This suggests that a murine model can be used effectively in laryngeal chemosensory research.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
NA Laryngoscope, 130:423-430, 2020.
Topics: Animals; Arytenoid Cartilage; Cadaver; Chemoreceptor Cells; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Laryngeal Mucosa; Mice; Nerve Fibers; Taste Buds
PubMed: 30908677
DOI: 10.1002/lary.27931 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Mar 2023Schwannomas account for a large proportion of tumors in the head and neck regions; however, schwannomas of the larynx are rare. An 11-year-old boy had a sore throat for...
Schwannomas account for a large proportion of tumors in the head and neck regions; however, schwannomas of the larynx are rare. An 11-year-old boy had a sore throat for one month, and his symptoms gradually worsened such that he needed to visit our otolaryngology clinic. The preoperative investigation revealed a smooth mass in the left arytenoid cartilage. Endoscopy-assisted transoral resection of laryngeal masses was performed under general anesthesia, and the resected tissue was histopathologically diagnosed as a laryngeal schwannoma. The postoperative recovery was very good. During the 1-year follow-up, there was no recurrence of the schwannoma or related symptoms. Although laryngeal schwannomas are rare, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of these tumors. Sufficient preoperative imaging should be performed before surgical resection, and surgery is the preferred treatment option.
PubMed: 36866713
DOI: 10.1177/01455613231162236