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International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023Allergic diseases are accompanied by a variety of symptoms such as pruritus, coughing, sneezing, and watery eyes, which can result in severe physiological and even... (Review)
Review
Allergic diseases are accompanied by a variety of symptoms such as pruritus, coughing, sneezing, and watery eyes, which can result in severe physiological and even psychological impairments. The exact mechanisms of these conditions are not yet completely understood. However, recent studies demonstrated a high relevance of neurotrophins in allergic inflammation, as they induce cytokine release, mediate interaction between immune cells and neurons, and exhibit different expression levels in health and disease. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the current state of knowledge concerning the role of neurotrophins in atopic disorders such as atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, and allergic rhinitis.
Topics: Humans; Nerve Growth Factors; Neuroimmunomodulation; Dermatitis, Atopic; Asthma; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 37047077
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076105 -
Nutrients Aug 2023Obesity is a global problem. It affects every age group and is associated with many negative health effects. As an example, there is a relationship between obesity and... (Review)
Review
Obesity is a global problem. It affects every age group and is associated with many negative health effects. As an example, there is a relationship between obesity and allergic and immunological diseases, such as asthma, psoriasis, food allergies, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Obesity undeniably affects their development. In addition, it causes adverse changes in the course and response to therapy in relation to patients without excessive body weight. The treatment of diseases associated with obesity is difficult; drugs are less effective and must be used in higher doses, and their use in patients with obesity is often associated with higher risks. The main form of treatment of all obesity-related diseases is a change in eating habits and increased physical activity, which leads to a decrease in body fat mass. The positive effect of reducing BMI has been confirmed in many independent studies. This paper reviews various types of research documents published since 2019. It aims to systematize the latest knowledge and highlight the need for further research for effective and sustainable treatment options for obesity, its complications and obesity-related diseases.
Topics: Humans; Obesity; Body Weight; Asthma; Rhinitis, Allergic; Weight Gain
PubMed: 37686844
DOI: 10.3390/nu15173813 -
The Journal of the American Osteopathic... May 2020Historically, osteopathic principles have focused on the appropriate drainage of cranial structures to relieve symptoms of rhinitis, which include nasal congestion,...
Historically, osteopathic principles have focused on the appropriate drainage of cranial structures to relieve symptoms of rhinitis, which include nasal congestion, anterior/posterior rhinorrhea, sneezing, and itching. Allergic rhinitis is primarily an aberrant immunologic reaction caused by cytokines secreted from lymphocytes that traverse the lymphatic pathway throughout the body. Several studies have documented that, when manipulated, the lymphatic system enhanced the motion of these lymphocytes to important immune structures in both human and animal models. Additionally, modulation of both sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow has been found either to inhibit or enhance secretion and/or drainage of important allergic sites. Osteopathic approaches to rhinitis play an effective role in the comprehensive management of rhinitis, and techniques based on these approaches are therapeutic options for rhinitis. This article provides an up-to-date literature review about the management of rhinitis using the 5 models of osteopathic medicine: biomechanical, respiratory-circulatory, metabolic, neurologic, and behavioral.
Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Humans; Nasal Obstruction; Osteopathic Medicine; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 32337569
DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2020.054 -
International Archives of Allergy and... 2023Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is, to date, a debated and complex entity, still orphan of global consideration and a multicentric approach. LAR does not seem to find a... (Review)
Review
Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is, to date, a debated and complex entity, still orphan of global consideration and a multicentric approach. LAR does not seem to find a proper positioning in the classic classifications and phenotypes of chronic rhinitis, and its pathophysiology relies specifically on the presence of local IgE. These patients in fact have a suggestive clinical history of allergic rhinitis in the presence of negative skin prick tests and serum IgE tests for the suspect allergen. Nasal allergen challenge, assessment of local IgE, basophil activation test (BAT), and nasal cytology are, at the moment, the most used tests in the diagnostic approach to the disease, despite their limitations. Considering that the correct interpretation of diagnostic tests and their clinical relevance is fundamental in the assessment of the right diagnosis and the subsequent therapy, we propose a new diagnostic approach that encompasses all of these methodologies and suggest that several pragmatic randomized control trials as well as prospective, multicentric studies directed at the long-term follow-up of LAR be carried out to further investigate this debated entity.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Immunoglobulin E; Rhinitis, Allergic; Allergens; Rhinitis; Skin Tests; Nasal Provocation Tests
PubMed: 36223735
DOI: 10.1159/000526604 -
Minerva Pediatrica Oct 2020The rising incidence of allergic disease requires more specific, effective and safe therapeutic strategies. In this regard, several kinds of biologically active... (Review)
Review
The rising incidence of allergic disease requires more specific, effective and safe therapeutic strategies. In this regard, several kinds of biologically active substances, commonly known as immunostimulants, have been introduced for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in pediatric population. Among the heterogeneous group of biologically active molecules to date available, pidotimod (Axil, Valeas S.p.A, Milan) is proved to be able to ameliorate both innate and adaptive immunity and enhances the immune system properties often impaired in patients with allergic disorders.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adolescent; Asthma; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Urticaria; Dermatitis, Atopic; Desensitization, Immunologic; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunity, Innate; Immunologic Factors; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid; Rhinitis, Allergic; Thiazolidines
PubMed: 32731733
DOI: 10.23736/S0026-4946.20.05967-8 -
BMC Pediatrics Jun 2023This study aimed to determine whether there was an association between certain factors in patients with bronchiolitis and recurrent wheezing in childhood.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to determine whether there was an association between certain factors in patients with bronchiolitis and recurrent wheezing in childhood.
METHOD
In 2021 we tracked children hospitalized for bronchiolitis at Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital in 2017. The patients were classified into recurrent wheezing group (RWG) and non-recurrent wheezing group (NRWG). Possible risk factors including maternal age, school-age siblings, allergic history, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, atopic family history, severity of the condition, duration of hospitalization, nasopharyngeal secretions culture, blood eosinophil counts, FeNO and skin prick test were compared between the two groups. Continuous variables were analyzed by independent sample t-test for normal distribution and Mann-Whitney U-test for non-normal distribution. Categorical variables were tested using chi-square tests. Multifactor analysis was conducted by stepwise logistics regression analysis.
RESULTS
In total 167 participants were included, of which 26 and 141 were in RWG and NRWG respectively. In RWG children represented higher maternal age (P = 0.02) and greater probability of allergic history, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, atopic family history (odds ratio [OR] = 4.0,3.7, 7.8, 10.9 respectively, P < 0.01). However, school-age siblings, severity of the condition, duration of hospitalization, blood eosinophil counts, fractional exhaled nitric oxide and skin prick test results seemed unrelated to recurrent wheezing. In the subgroup analysis of nasopharyngeal secretion culture, there were more Moraxella catarrhalis-positive in RWG(P = 0.043). Atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and atopic family history were identified as independent risk factors for recurrent wheezing.
CONCLUSION
Some children with bronchiolitis will develop recurrent wheezing, and the risk factors are allergic history, Moraxella catarrhalis infection or colonization, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and atopic family history; the latter three are independent risk factors.
Topics: Child; Humans; Female; Infant; Dermatitis, Atopic; Respiratory Sounds; Bronchiolitis; Risk Factors; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 37353732
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04108-9 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2022The mutational spectrum of asthma and allergy associated genes is not known although recent biobank based exome sequencing studies included these traits. We therefore...
The mutational spectrum of asthma and allergy associated genes is not known although recent biobank based exome sequencing studies included these traits. We therefore conducted a secondary analysis of exome data from 281,104 UK Biobank samples for association of mostly rare variants with asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Variants of interest (VOI) were tabulated, shared genes annotated and compared to earlier genome-wide SNP association studies (GWAS), whole genome sequencing, exome and bisulfit sequencing studies. 354 VOI were significantly associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. They cluster mainly in two large regions on chromosome 6 and 17. After exclusion of the variants associated with atopic dermatitis and redundant variants, 321 unique VOI remain in 122 unique genes. 30 genes are shared among the 87 genes with increased and the 65 genes with decreased risk for allergic disease. 85% of genes identified earlier by common GWAS SNPs are not replicated here. Most identified genes are located in interferon ɣ and IL33 signaling pathway. These genes include already known but also new pharmacological targets, including the IL33 receptor ST2/IL1RL1, as well as TLR1, ALOX15, GSDMA, BTNL2, IL13 and IKZF3. Future pharmacological studies will need to included these VOI for stratification of the study population paving the way to individualized treatment.
Topics: Humans; Asthma; Butyrophilins; Dermatitis, Atopic; Exome; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genome-Wide Association Study; Interleukin-33; Neoplasm Proteins; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 36470944
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24960-6 -
Medicine Oct 2021This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and nasal nitric oxide (nNO) in allergic rhinitis (AR) and patients with or...
This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and nasal nitric oxide (nNO) in allergic rhinitis (AR) and patients with or without bronchial asthma (BA).A total of 90 patients who were diagnosed with persistent AR (AR group, n = 30), BA (BA group, n = 30), or allergic rhinitis with bronchial asthma (AR-BA) (AR-BA group, n = 30), were enrolled in this study, along with 30 healthy adult volunteers (control group, n = 30). The participants were further divided into 2 groups based on the results of a skin-prick test (SPT): a highly atopic group (SPT = 3+ and above) and a moderately atopic group (SPT = 2+ and below). All participants underwent FeNO and nNO measurement, an absolute blood eosinophil count, total serum immunoglobulin measurement, and horizontal baseline lung capacity determination.The results showed that the FeNO levels in the 3 observation groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < .01), and in the BA group they were significantly higher than in the AR-BA group (P < .01). The levels of nNO in both the AR group and the AR-BA group were higher than those in the control group and the BA group (P < .01), but there was no significant difference between the AR group and the AR-BA group (P > .05). The levels of nNO in the BA group were also significantly different from those in the control group (P < .01).FeNO and nNO are positively correlated with the degree of AR in patients with BA; therefore, nNO levels can be used as an inflammatory marker of AR in patients with BA. FeNO can also be used as an inflammatory marker of AR in patients complicated with BA as a warning indicator of asthma.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Asthma; Eosinophils; Exhalation; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Male; Middle Aged; Nitric Oxide; Nose; Respiratory Function Tests; Rhinitis, Allergic; Young Adult
PubMed: 34596130
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027314 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2022Immune cells and immune-derived molecules, endocrine glands and hormones, the nervous system and neuro molecules form the combined tridirectional neuroimmune network,... (Review)
Review
Immune cells and immune-derived molecules, endocrine glands and hormones, the nervous system and neuro molecules form the combined tridirectional neuroimmune network, which plays a significant role in the communication pathways and regulation at the level of the whole organism and local levels, in both healthy persons and patients with allergic rhinitis based on an allergic inflammatory process. This review focuses on a new research paradigm devoted to neuronal-immune cell units, which are involved in allergic inflammation in the nose and neuroimmune control of the nasal mucociliary immunologically active epithelial barrier. The categorization, cellular sources of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, and their prevalent profiles in constituting allergen tolerance maintenance or its breakdown are discussed. Novel data on the functional structure of the nasal epithelium based on a transcriptomic technology, single-cell RNA-sequencing results, are considered in terms of neuroimmune regulation. Notably, the research of pathogenesis and therapy for atopic allergic diseases, including recently identified local forms, from the viewpoint of the tridirectional interaction of the neuroimmune network and discrete neuronal-immune cell units is at the cutting-edge.
Topics: Allergens; Humans; Inflammation; Nasal Mucosa; Nervous System; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 35805946
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136938 -
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports Feb 2021The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has challenged healthcare system capacities and safety for health care workers, reshaping doctor-patient interaction favoring... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has challenged healthcare system capacities and safety for health care workers, reshaping doctor-patient interaction favoring e-Health or telemedicine. The pandemic situation may make difficult to prioritize patients with allergies diseases (AD), face-to-face evaluation, and moreover concern about the possible COVID-19 diagnosis, since COVID-19 shared many symptoms in common with AD. Being COVID-19 a novel disease, everyone is susceptible; there are some advances on vaccine and specific treatment. We evaluate existing literature on allergic diseases (AD): allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergy, drug allergy, and skin allergy, and potential underlying mechanisms for any interrelationship between AD and COVID-19.
RECENT FINDINGS
There is inconclusive and controversial evidence of the association between AD and the risk of adverse clinical outcomes of COVID-19. AD patients should minimize hospital and face-to-face visits, and those who have used biologics and allergen immunotherapy should continue the treatment. It is essential to wear personal protective equipment for the protection of health care workers. Social distancing, rational use of facemasks, eye protection, and hand disinfection for health care workers and patients deserve further attention and promotion. Teleconsultation during COVID-19 times for AD patients is very encouraging and telemedicine platform can provide a reliable service in patient care.
Topics: Asthma; Biological Products; COVID-19; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Atopic; Desensitization, Immunologic; Disease Management; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Hypersensitivity; Food Hypersensitivity; Health Personnel; Humans; Infection Control; Pandemics; Personal Protective Equipment; Physical Distancing; Rhinitis, Allergic; SARS-CoV-2; Telemedicine
PubMed: 33560451
DOI: 10.1007/s11882-021-00989-x