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Environment International Sep 2023Prenatal exposure to metallic elements may adversely affect early childhood health. However, more evidence is needed as population-based cohort studies are currently...
BACKGROUND
Prenatal exposure to metallic elements may adversely affect early childhood health. However, more evidence is needed as population-based cohort studies are currently limited.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to examine the associations between prenatal metallic (mercury, selenium, and manganese) exposure and the risk of allergic diseases in early childhood until three years of age.
METHODS
The data from 94,794 mother-infant pairs, who participated in the Japan Environment and Children's study, were used in this study. Prenatal metallic element exposure was measured in maternal blood collected during mid-pregnancy. The incidence of atopic dermatitis, food allergies, asthma, and allergic rhinitis during the first three years of life was prospectively investigated using self-reports of physician-diagnosed allergies. A multivariable modified Poisson regression model was used to estimate the cumulative incidence ratio and their 95% confidence intervals of allergic diseases associated with prenatal exposure to mercury, selenium, and manganese. We further evaluated the interaction between mercury and selenium exposures in this association.
RESULTS
We confirmed 26,238 cases of childhood allergic diseases: atopic dermatitis, food allergies, asthma, and allergic rhinitis in 9,715 (10.3%), 10,897 (11.5%), and 9,857 (10.4%), 4,630 (4.9%), respectively. No association was found between prenatal mercury or manganese exposure and the risk of allergic diseases. Prenatal selenium exposure was inversely associated with atopic dermatitis, food allergies, allergic rhinitis, and any allergic diseases, but not with asthma. These inverse associations were more pronounced for lower mercury exposures than for higher exposures.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that prenatal exposure to selenium may be beneficial for reducing the risk of atopic dermatitis, food allergies, allergic rhinitis, and any allergic diseases in early childhood, especially with lower prenatal mercury exposure.
Topics: Infant; Female; Pregnancy; Child, Preschool; Child; Humans; Selenium; Manganese; Dermatitis, Atopic; Japan; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rhinitis, Allergic; Asthma; Vitamins; Mercury; Mothers
PubMed: 37595534
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108123 -
Mediators of Inflammation 2022Allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps are common otorhinolaryngological diseases. Small extracellular vesicles and microRNAs have recently become major research topics of... (Review)
Review
Allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps are common otorhinolaryngological diseases. Small extracellular vesicles and microRNAs have recently become major research topics of interest due to their key regulatory roles in cancer, inflammation, and various diseases. Although very detailed and in-depth studies on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps have been conducted, few studies have assessed the regulatory effects of exosomes and microRNAs on allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps. This paper reviews the studies on small extracellular vesicles and microRNAs in allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps conducted in recent years and focuses on the regulation of small extracellular vesicles and microRNAs in allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps with the aim of providing insights for the future diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps.
Topics: Extracellular Vesicles; Humans; Inflammation; MicroRNAs; Nasal Polyps; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 35757106
DOI: 10.1155/2022/4428617 -
South African Family Practice :... Oct 2023Allergic rhinitis (AR) has a significant impact on the community as a whole with regard to quality of life and its relationship to allergic multi-morbidities.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Allergic rhinitis (AR) has a significant impact on the community as a whole with regard to quality of life and its relationship to allergic multi-morbidities. Appropriate diagnosis, treatment and review of the efficacy of interventions can ameliorate these effects. Yet, the importance of AR is often overlooked, and appropriate therapy is neglected. The availability of effective medications and knowledge as to management are often lacking in both public and private health systems.
METHODS
This review is based on a comprehensive literature search and detailed discussions by the South African Allergic Rhinitis Working Group (SAARWG).
RESULTS
The working group provided up-to-date recommendations on the epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and management of AR, appropriate to the South African setting.
CONCLUSION
Allergic rhinitis causes significant, often unappreciated, morbidity. It is a complex disease related to an inflammatory response to environmental allergens. Therapy involves education, evaluation of allergen sensitisation, pharmacological treatment, allergen immunotherapy (AIT) and evaluation of the success of interventions. Regular use of saline; the important role of intranasal corticosteroids, including those combined with topical antihistamines and reduction in the use of systemic steroids are key. Practitioners should have a thorough knowledge of associated morbidities and the need for specialist referral.Contribution: This review summarises the latest developments in the diagnosis and management of AR such that it is a resource that allows easy access for family practitioners and specialists alike.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; South Africa; Rhinitis, Allergic; Histamine Antagonists; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Allergens
PubMed: 37916698
DOI: 10.4102/safp.v65i1.5806 -
Molecular Immunology Sep 2023This review evaluates the current modes of allergen-specific immunotherapy for cockroach allergens, in terms of clinical outcomes and explores future trends in the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review evaluates the current modes of allergen-specific immunotherapy for cockroach allergens, in terms of clinical outcomes and explores future trends in the research and development needed for a more targeted cockroach immunotherapy approach with the best efficacy and minimum adverse effects.
SUMMARY
Cockroach allergy is an important risk factor for allergic rhinitis in the tropics, that disproportionately affects children and young adults and those living in poor socio-economic environments. Immunotherapy would provide long-lasting improvement in quality of life, with reduced medication intake. However, the present treatment regime is long and has a risk of adverse effects. In addition, cockroach does not seem to have an immuno-dominant allergen, that has been traditionally used to treat allergies from other sources. Future trends of cockroach immunotherapy involve precision diagnosis, to correctly identify the offending allergen. Next, precision immunotherapy with standardized allergens, which have been processed in a way that maintains an immunological response without allergic reactions. This approach can be coupled with modern adjuvants and delivery systems that promote a Th1/Treg environment, thereby modulating the immune response away from the allergenic response.
Topics: Child; Humans; Young Adult; Animals; Cockroaches; Quality of Life; Desensitization, Immunologic; Rhinitis, Allergic; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Allergens
PubMed: 37480600
DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.07.004 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and... Jun 2022Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa in response to allergens. There is evidence that yoga can improve personal health and has positive effects on... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
INTRODUCTION
Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa in response to allergens. There is evidence that yoga can improve personal health and has positive effects on immune function. However, the effects of Hatha yoga training on rhinitis symptoms and cytokines in patients with allergic rhinitis are still unclear.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Hatha yoga training on rhinitis symptoms and cytokines in allergic rhinitis patients.
METHODS
Twenty-seven allergic rhinitis patients were randomized into 2 groups: a control group (CON; n = 14) and a yoga group (YOG; n = 13). The CON group continued with normal activities and the YOG group was required to complete a protocol of Hatha yoga training for 60 minutes per session, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Physiological characteristics, allergic rhinitis symptoms, and cytokine secretions were comparatively analyzed before and after yoga training.
RESULTS
After 8 weeks, the YOG group had increased peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) and exhibited significantly decreased rhinitis symptoms and nasal blood flow (NBF) compared to pre-test. Moreover, the YOG group had significantly higher nasal secretion of interleukin (IL)-2 than the CON group.
CONCLUSION
The present findings demonstrated that 8 weeks of Hatha yoga training had beneficial effects in allergic rhinitis by improved clinical allergic rhinitis and cytokine profiles.
Topics: Cytokines; Humans; Nasal Mucosa; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic; Yoga
PubMed: 31421665
DOI: 10.12932/AP-260419-0547 -
Cells Jun 2021Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent inflammatory disease among non-fatal skin diseases, affecting up to one fifth of the population in developed... (Review)
Review
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent inflammatory disease among non-fatal skin diseases, affecting up to one fifth of the population in developed countries. AD is characterized by recurrent pruritic and localized eczema with seasonal fluctuations. AD initializes the phenomenon of atopic march, during which infant AD patients are predisposed to progressive secondary allergies such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergies. The pathophysiology of AD is complex; onset of the disease is caused by several factors, including strong genetic predisposition, disrupted epidermal barrier, and immune dysregulation. AD was initially characterized by defects in the innate immune system and a vigorous skewed adaptive Th2 response to environmental agents; there are compelling evidences that the disorder involves multiple immune pathways. Symptomatic palliative treatment is the only strategy to manage the disease and restore skin integrity. Researchers are trying to more precisely define the contribution of different AD genotypes and elucidate the role of various immune axes. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge about the roles of innate and adaptive immune responsive cells in AD. In addition, current and novel treatment strategies for the management of AD are comprehensively described, including some ongoing clinical trials and promising therapeutic agents. This information will provide an asset towards identifying personalized targets for better therapeutic outcomes.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Asthma; Dermatitis, Atopic; Epidermis; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Rhinitis, Allergic; Th2 Cells
PubMed: 34200009
DOI: 10.3390/cells10061392 -
European Review For Medical and... Feb 2024This narrative review aims to provide an up-to-date definition of local allergic rhinitis (LAR), its classification, mechanisms, comorbidities, recommendations for... (Review)
Review
This narrative review aims to provide an up-to-date definition of local allergic rhinitis (LAR), its classification, mechanisms, comorbidities, recommendations for diagnosis and treatment, and define needs in this area. Both 'PubMed' and 'Science Direct' literature was reviewed systematically, and a manual search for studies not previously encountered in the databases was also carried out. Published studies were identified in PubMed covering the period from 1947 to 2022. The following keyword search strategy was used: (local allergic rhinitis* OR entopy* OR local Immunoglobulin E * OR nasal specific Immunoglobulin E). LAR involves Type 2 nasal inflammation with local IgE and cannot be diagnosed by systemic methods, such as skin prick or blood IgE tests. A nasal allergen challenge is necessary for diagnosis. LAR can respond to usual AR treatments, including allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT). LAR is a novel entity that requires additional investigation in terms of prevalence, proper diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The target outcomes and possible benefits of this review are to achieve a consensus for the study and diagnosis of LAR and increase interest in this area.
Topics: Humans; Rhinitis, Allergic; Allergens; Desensitization, Immunologic; Prognosis; Immunoglobulin E; Rhinitis
PubMed: 38375713
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202402_35344 -
Journal of Immunology Research 2022Allergic rhinitis is a global illness that puzzles many researchers. Most patients with allergic rhinitis also have lower airway hyperresponsiveness, and an allergic... (Review)
Review
Allergic rhinitis is a global illness that puzzles many researchers. Most patients with allergic rhinitis also have lower airway hyperresponsiveness, and an allergic rhinitis attack can increase lower airway hyperresponsiveness. However, the mechanism of the effect of allergic rhinitis on the lower airways is still unclear. In this paper, the effects of allergic rhinitis on the lower airways are studied in terms of epidemiology, anatomy, pathophysiology, nasal function loss, inflammation drainage, nasobronchial reflex, and whole-body circulatory flow to determine the mechanism involved and provide ideas for future diagnosis, treatment, and experiments.
Topics: Humans; Inflammation; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial
PubMed: 35865653
DOI: 10.1155/2022/4351345 -
International Journal of Clinical... 2023Epistaxis is frequently observed in children with allergic rhinitis. However, few studies have addressed the clinical characteristics and risk factors for allergic...
BACKGROUND
Epistaxis is frequently observed in children with allergic rhinitis. However, few studies have addressed the clinical characteristics and risk factors for allergic rhinitis in children with epistaxis. This study aimed to describe the factors associated with allergic rhinitis in children with epistaxis.
METHODS
In total, we recruited 80 children (aged 3-14 years) who presented with epistaxis at a tertiary hospital between January 2014 and January 2022. The follow-up duration was at least 3 months, and we performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the risk factors for allergic rhinitis.
RESULTS
Among the 80 children examined, 57 (71.25%) had allergic rhinitis. Epistaxis mainly occurred in autumn in children with allergic rhinitis; in contrast, it mostly occurred in summer in children without it ( = 0.029). Mites are common allergens for allergic rhinitis in children with epistaxis; the univariate analysis revealed significant differences between allergic-rhinitis group and nonallergic-rhinitis group in the number of allergens ( < 0.001) and total IgE ( < 0.001). The difference in severity of nasal symptoms between the two groups was statistically significant and included nasal obstruction ( < 0.001), rhinorrhea ( < 0.001), sneezing ( < 0.001), and nasal itching ( < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, the severity of rhinorrhea symptoms was found to be associated with an increased risk of allergic rhinitis in children with epistaxis (odds ratio: 3.86; 95% confidence interval: 1.61-9.26; = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS
Observing the onset season, number of allergens, total IgE, and nasal symptoms in cases of epistaxis could suggest the presence of associated allergic rhinitis and reduce the number of missed diagnoses; antiallergic drugs could help control epistaxis in these cases.
Topics: Child; Humans; Rhinitis; Epistaxis; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinorrhea; Risk Factors; Allergens; Immunoglobulin E
PubMed: 37691857
DOI: 10.1155/2023/6731414 -
Scientific Reports May 2022The aim of this study was to examine the associations of sleep problems with asthma and allergic rhinitis among Chinese preschoolers. This cross-sectional survey was...
The aim of this study was to examine the associations of sleep problems with asthma and allergic rhinitis among Chinese preschoolers. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in Guangzhou, China. Children aged 3-6 years were recruited from 32 kindergartens in 7 administrative districts. Asthma, allergic rhinitis and sleep problems were evaluated using a valid questionnaire. Binary logistic regression models were employed to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations of asthma and allergic rhinitis with short sleep duration, late bedtime and frequent nocturnal awakening. We included 4876 preschool children in the current analysis. Of these, 182 (3.7%) diagnosed as asthma, and 511 (10.5%) diagnosed as allergic rhinitis. Frequent nocturnal awakening was associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis, with adjusted OR were 1.49 (95% CI 1.05-2.13) and 1.59 (95% CI 1.27-1.99), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed the OR for frequent nocturnal awakening with asthma was higher in girls (1.68; 95% CI 1.02-2.78) than in boys (1.35; 95% CI 0.81-2.24), but the OR for frequent nocturnal awakening with allergic rhinitis were similar in girls (1.73; 95% CI 1.15-2.30) and boys (1.57; 95% CI 1.17-2.12). No significant associations of short sleep duration and late bedtime with asthma or allergic rhinitis were identified. Our data suggested that frequent nocturnal awakening was associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis among preschoolers, and the association of frequent nocturnal awakening with asthma differed by gender. Further studies are warranted to address the causal relationship between nocturnal awakening and asthma and allergic rhinitis.
Topics: Asthma; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Rhinitis, Allergic; Sleep Wake Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35577978
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12207-3