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FEBS Letters Apr 2022Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by the chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. A dysbiotic microbiome and a defective immune system are linked to CD,...
Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by the chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. A dysbiotic microbiome and a defective immune system are linked to CD, where hydrogen sulfide (H S) microbial producers positively correlate with the severity of the disease. Atopobium parvulum is a key H S producer from the microbiome of CD patients. In this study, the biochemical characterization of two Atopobium parvulum cysteine desulfurases, ApSufS and ApCsdB, shows that the enzymes are allosterically regulated. Structural analyses reveal that ApSufS forms a dimer with conserved characteristics observed in type II cysteine desulfurases. Four residues surrounding the active site are essential to catalyse cysteine desulfurylation, and a segment of short-chain residues grant access for substrate binding. A better understanding of ApSufS will help future avenues for CD treatment.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Carbon-Sulfur Lyases; Crohn Disease; Cysteine; Humans
PubMed: 35122247
DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14295 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2022Severe-early childhood caries (S-ECC) a global problem of significant concern, commonly manifest on the occlusal, and proximal surfaces of affected teeth. Despite the...
BACKGROUND
Severe-early childhood caries (S-ECC) a global problem of significant concern, commonly manifest on the occlusal, and proximal surfaces of affected teeth. Despite the major ecological differences between these two niches the compositional differences, if any, in the microbiota of such lesions is unknown.
METHODS
Deep-dentine caries samples from asymptomatic primary molars of children with S-ECC (n 19) belonging to caries-code 5/6, (ICDAS classification) were evaluated. Employing two primer pools, we amplified and compared the bacterial gene sequences of the seven hypervariable regions (V2-V4 and V6-V9) using NGS-based assay.
RESULTS
Bray-Curtisevaluation indicated that occlusal lesions (OL) had a more homogeneous community than the proximal lesions (PL) with significant compositional differences at the species level ( = 0.01; R- 0.513). Together, the occlusal and proximal niches harbored 263 species, of which 202 (76.8%) species were common to both , while 49 (18.6%) and 12 (4.6%) disparate species were exclusively isolated from the proximal and occlusal niches, respectively. The most commonl genera at both niches included , and was predominant in PL ( ≤ 0.05), and ( = 0.01) was predominant in OL.
CONCLUSIONS
Distinct differences exist between the caries microbiota of occlusal and proximal caries in S-ECC.
PubMed: 35173909
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2037832 -
Microorganisms Mar 2020The gut microbiota may have an impact on obesity. To date, the majority of studies in obese patients reported microbiota composition in stool samples. The aim of this...
The gut microbiota may have an impact on obesity. To date, the majority of studies in obese patients reported microbiota composition in stool samples. The aim of this study was to investigate the duodenal mucosa dysbiosis in adult obese individuals from Campania, a region in Italy with a very high percentage of obese people, to highlight microbial taxa likely associated with obesity. Duodenum biopsies were taken during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in 19 obese (OB) and 16 lean control subjects (CO) and microbiome studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Duodenal microbiome in our groups consisted of six phyla: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria. Proteobacteria (51.1% vs. 40.1%) and Firmicutes (33.6% vs. 44.9%) were significantly ( < 0.05) more and less abundant in OB compared with CO, respectively. , and were reduced ( < 0.01) and Pseudomonadales were increased ( < 0.05) in OB compared with CO. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed Atopobium and Oribacterium genera able to discriminate with accuracy (power = 75% and 78%, respectively) OB from CO. In conclusion, increased Proteobacteria and decreased Firmicutes (Lachnospiraceae) characterized the duodenal microbiome of obese subjects. These data direct to further studies to evaluate the functional role of the dysbiotic-obese-associated signature.
PubMed: 32235377
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040485 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2022The oral microbiota plays vital roles in both oral and systemic health, but limited studies have explored the transition of the female oral microbiota from preconception...
BACKGROUND
The oral microbiota plays vital roles in both oral and systemic health, but limited studies have explored the transition of the female oral microbiota from preconception to pregnancy along with pronounced hormonal fluctuations.
AIM
To characterize the oral microbiota among women in preconception and pregnancy through a prospective study and to explore the associations between the oral microbiota and oral hygiene practices.
METHODS
A total of 202 unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 101 women in both preconception and late pregnancy. The oral microbiota was analyzed using gene sequencing.
RESULTS
The Ace and phylogenetic diversity (PD) index were significantly lower in the third trimester than preconception. The pathogenic taxa and were significantly higher during late pregnancy than preconception. Women with overall better oral hygiene practice showed lower richness and diversity in preconception compared to women with poorer oral hygiene practice. The abundance of pathogens such as during both preconception and pregnancy decreased among women with better oral hygiene practice.
CONCLUSIONS
The composition of the oral microbiota changed slightly from preconception to late pregnancy, with more pathogens in saliva samples during pregnancy. Improving oral hygiene practices has the potential to maintain oral micro-ecological balance.
PubMed: 35341210
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2053389 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2022One promising research trend involves evaluating the influence of microbiota in the reproductive system of women on becoming pregnant and maintaining pregnancy. The goal...
One promising research trend involves evaluating the influence of microbiota in the reproductive system of women on becoming pregnant and maintaining pregnancy. The goal of this study was to define the microflora profile of the endometrium and uterine cervix in women qualified for an in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure, which is expected to contribute to increasing the percentage of successful IVF implantations. Based on the conducted molecular analysis in the collected swabs, 22 bacterial strains were identified. Eleven strains (57%) that were isolated belong to the physiological microflora, the most common strain of which was Lactobacillus. Eight of the isolated strains (33%) were pathological microflora, among which the most common bacteria were from the Enterobacteriaceae family (which includes E. coli, Shigella, and Salmonella). Finally, three of the bacterial strains (10%) may be a component of both physiological or pathological microflora of the vagina: Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum group, and Alloscardovia omnicolens. The presence of Escherichia coli was detected in six women, Staphylococcus aureus also in six patients, Atopobium parvulum in three, Streptococcus salivarius group in three, Enterococcus faecalis in four, and Aerococcus christensenii in two patients. We found statistically significant relationships (p < 0.05) between Lactobacillus fermentum and Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Escherichia coli groups, Lactobacillus FN667084_s and Staphylococcus aureus groups, as well as Lactobacillus fermentum and Streptococcus agalactiae. Based on the conducted study, it may be confirmed that the endometrium is, to a large extent, colonized by lactic acid bacilli. Apart from that, endometrial dysbiosis was not noted in patients qualified for the IVF procedure.
PubMed: 35743414
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123348