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Persoonia Aug 2021Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from coastal sea sand. , on soil, on dead wood, from roots and...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from coastal sea sand. , on soil, on dead wood, from roots and leaves of and from capsules of , (incl. gen. nov.) from , on soil, from leaf spots on from hypertrophied floral and vegetative branches of and from living leaves of , from a grassland. , from a rotten trunk. , on calcareous soil. , from wood of symptomatic , on pieces of wood and herbaceous debris. , among grass on a lawn. , on wet ground. , on decayed branch of unknown angiosperm tree and on decayed log of unknown angiosperm tree. , (incl. gen. nov.) on dead stems of , from the gut of a sp. termite, on soil and on branches of . , from soil under , on twigs of broadleaved trees on the ground. , on leaves of f. , from healthy roots of , (incl. gen. nov.) from stems of an sp. , (incl. gen. nov.), and (incl. gen. nov.), from dead culms of and from and from and from dead culms of from from dead culms of and from leaves of from sp., (incl. gen. nov.) from dead leaves of from (incl. gen. nov.) from leaves of from from needles of and (incl. gen. nov. and fam. nov.) from . , from twigs of sp., from dead leaves of from fallen leaves and from dead leaves , from permafrost and from driftwood of , from a biofilm covering a deteriorated limestone wall. , from needles of on soil in grasslands, on soil in grasslands, on a dry dead branch of sp., on litter in a mixed forest, from , (incl. gen. nov.) from leaves of and from leaves of , from leaf litter of ssp. from , from bark of from leaf litter of and from twigs of . , on sandy soil, on on from dung, from a blackened metal railing of an industrial warehouse and in soil under , associated with , on corticated wood. , from , from indoor air in a hospital, (incl. gen. nov.) from office dust, (incl. gen. nov.) from a tombstone, from air in a store, from air sample in house, from air in a brick room, from air in a classroom, from air in men's locker room and from sludge in a water reservoir. , on rotten wood, inside seed of , on soil in tropical evergreen mixed forests and from soil and roots of Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes. : Crous PW, Osieck ER, Jurjević Ž, et al. 2021. Fungal Planet description sheets: 1284-1382. Persoonia 47: 178-374. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.47.06.
PubMed: 38352974
DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2023.47.06 -
Persoonia Dec 2021Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from coastal sea sand. , on soil, on dead wood, from roots and...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from coastal sea sand. , on soil, on dead wood, from roots and leaves of and from capsules of , (incl. gen. nov.) from , on soil, from leaf spots on from hypertrophied floral and vegetative branches of and from living leaves of , from a grassland. , from a rotten trunk. , on calcareous soil. , from wood of symptomatic , on pieces of wood and herbaceous debris. , among grass on a lawn. , on wet ground. , on decayed branch of unknown angiosperm tree and on decayed log of unknown angiosperm tree. , (incl. gen. nov.) on dead stems of , from the gut of a sp. termite, on soil and on branches of . , from soil under , on twigs of broadleaved trees on the ground. , on leaves of f. , from healthy roots of , (incl. gen. nov.) from stems of an sp. , (incl. gen. nov.), and (incl. gen. nov.), from dead culms of and from and from and from dead culms of from from dead culms of and from leaves of from sp., (incl. gen. nov.) from dead leaves of from (incl. gen. nov.) from leaves of from from needles of and (incl. gen. nov. and fam. nov.) from . , from twigs of sp., from dead leaves of from fallen leaves and from dead leaves , from permafrost and from driftwood of , from a biofilm covering a deteriorated limestone wall. , from needles of on soil in grasslands, on soil in grasslands, on a dry dead branch of sp., on litter in a mixed forest, from , (incl. gen. nov.) from leaves of and from leaves of , from leaf litter of ssp. from , from bark of from leaf litter of and from twigs of . , on sandy soil, on on from dung, from a blackened metal railing of an industrial warehouse and in soil under , associated with , on corticated wood. , from , from indoor air in a hospital, (incl. gen. nov.) from office dust, (incl. gen. nov.) from a tombstone, from air in a store, from air sample in house, from air in a brick room, from air in a classroom, from air in men's locker room and from sludge in a water reservoir. , on rotten wood, inside seed of , on soil in tropical evergreen mixed forests and from soil and roots of Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes. : Crous PW, Osieck ER, Jurjević Ž, et al. 2021. Fungal Planet description sheets: 1284-1382. Persoonia 47: 178-374. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.47.06.
PubMed: 37693795
DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2021.47.06 -
Current Biology : CB Oct 2019Fungi have been found in every marine habitat that has been explored; however, the diversity and functions of fungi in the ocean are poorly understood. In this study,...
Fungi have been found in every marine habitat that has been explored; however, the diversity and functions of fungi in the ocean are poorly understood. In this study, fungi were cultured from the marine environment in the vicinity of Woods Hole, MA, USA, including from plankton, sponge, and coral. Our sampling resulted in 35 unique species across 20 genera. We observed many isolates by time-lapse, differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy and analyzed modes of growth and division. Several black yeasts displayed highly unconventional cell division cycles compared to those of traditional model yeast systems. Black yeasts have been found in habitats inhospitable to other life and are known for halotolerance, virulence, and stress resistance. We find that this group of yeasts also shows remarkable plasticity in terms of cell size control, modes of cell division, and cell polarity. Unexpected behaviors include division through a combination of fission and budding, production of multiple simultaneous buds, and cell division by sequential orthogonal septations. These marine-derived yeasts reveal alternative mechanisms for cell division cycles that seem likely to expand the repertoire of rules established from classic model system yeasts.
Topics: Atlantic Ocean; Cell Division; Massachusetts; Yeasts
PubMed: 31607535
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.050 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023In this study, 99 strains of species were isolated from various samples collected from different locations in China, among which 14 isolates showed different...
In this study, 99 strains of species were isolated from various samples collected from different locations in China, among which 14 isolates showed different morphological characteristics to other strains identified as known species. Based on morphological characteristics, those 14 strains were classified into four groups, represented by stains of KCL139, MDSC-10, XZY411-4, and MQL9-100, respectively. Molecular analysis of the internal transcriptional spacer (ITS) and part of the large ribosome subunit (D1/D2 domains) indicated that those four groups represent four new species in the . Therefore, the names sp. nov., sp. nov., sp. nov., and sp. nov. are proposed for KCL139, MDSC-10, XZY411-4, and MQL9-100, respectively. We also found that there were differences in the yield of exopolysaccharides (EPS) among and within species, indicating strain-related exopolysaccharide-producing diversity.
PubMed: 37108901
DOI: 10.3390/jof9040447 -
Environment International Oct 2020Bioaerosol particles, originated from many different earth ground sources, have unique health impacts, including respiratory infections, allergic reactions, and toxic...
Bioaerosol particles, originated from many different earth ground sources, have unique health impacts, including respiratory infections, allergic reactions, and toxic effects. Here, we applied a portable high-flow sampler HighBioTrap to collect and investigate bioaerosol emissions from 13 different land types (forest, wetland, lake, bare soil, cropland, wastewater treatment facility, street, livestock farm, smeltery and garden) that are heavily or less affected by humans. Plate cultivation, real-time quantitative PCR analysis (q-PCR) and high-throughput gene sequencing analysis were used to characterize bacterial and fungal levels as well as their community structures emitted from different land use types. Results showed that there were statistically significant differences in biological emission levels (up to 100-fold difference) and diversity among different land use types. Cropland, sewage plant street and smeltery heavily affected by human activities were found to exhibit higher bioaerosol emission levels, with Massilia genus detected as the dominant species. In contrast, some land types (lakes, forests, gardens, and wetland) less affected by humans were found to emit lower bioaerosol levels but with higher culturability, e.g., up to 16% for wetland. In addition, the microbiological structures of these land-use types usually had higher species richness and diversity, yet different dominant species. For some land types such as streets in Beijing, the microbial community appeared to be skewed with an over 80% relative abundance of a specific dominant species such as Massilia. Other detected dominant species also included Acinetobacter and Brevundimonas for street, and Sphingomonas for wetland. For fungal community, Naganishia, Alternaria, Penicillium, and Aureobasidium were detected to be most abundant. RDA analysis showed metals and ions could to some extent affect the microbial community structures. This work highlights that the human activities could substantially affect the airborne microbiota, which in turn could affect local human health and ecosystems. On the other hand, the results here provide important references for quantitatively estimating the microbial emissions from the earth into the atmosphere.
Topics: Beijing; Forests; Humans; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Wetlands
PubMed: 32717647
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105988 -
IScience Apr 2021Binding to surfaces by fungal spores is a prerequisite to biofilm formation. The interactions of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), glass, and silicon with three fungal...
Binding to surfaces by fungal spores is a prerequisite to biofilm formation. The interactions of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), glass, and silicon with three fungal spores, of differing shapes and sizes ( 1957, 1988, and ), were investigated. A multifractal analysis was conducted to provide quantitative measures of density, dispersion, and clustering of spores on the surfaces. The PTFE, glass, and silicon surfaces presented a range of surface topographies and wettabilities. PTFE was the roughest and most non-wettable surface, whereas silicon was the opposite in terms of both these aspects. The species were more non-wettable than . Overall, 1957 attached in higher numbers to PTFE, whereas 1988 and bound in highest numbers to glass. The results of this work demonstrated that the overall substratum surface roughness influenced spore binding rather than the physicochemical or chemical properties of surfaces or spores.
PubMed: 33898943
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102333 -
Environmental Microbiome Mar 2023Fresh vegetables harbor an assemblage of different microorganisms on their surfaces. The phyllosphere microbiota is important for maintaining plant health and managing...
BACKGROUND
Fresh vegetables harbor an assemblage of different microorganisms on their surfaces. The phyllosphere microbiota is important for maintaining plant health and managing crop quality before and after harvest. However, the diversity and ecology of fungal communities are largely unexplored in fresh vegetables. This study investigated the phyllosphere mycobiota of field-grown broccoli florets (n = 66) collected from 22 farms across four regions in Korea, using culturing, amplicon sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region, and microbial network analysis.
RESULTS
Microbial network analysis identified core genera (Purpureocillium, Filobasidium, Cystofilobasidium, Papiliotrema, Aureobasidium, and unclassified genera of Capnodiales) specific to the broccoli phyllosphere. The composition and network complexity of core and unique populations varied among farming regions, and was associated with local agro-meteorological conditions. The complexity of microbial associations was higher in mature communities than in immature communities, but complexity was lost upon development of plant pathogenic disease. Broccoli mycobiota were classified according to the dominance of Purpurecillium. While Purpurecillium-type microbiota were prevalent in normal samples, Filobasidium-type microbiota were frequently observed in immature, damaged, or postharvest samples.
CONCLUSIONS
Together, fungal communities were important components of phyllosphere microbiota on fresh vegetables, and have substantial potential for exploitation to enhance and stabilize plant health and growth.
PubMed: 36855218
DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00474-0 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Wine production in Cyprus has strong cultural ties with the island's tradition, influencing local and foreign consumers' preferences and contributing significantly to...
Wine production in Cyprus has strong cultural ties with the island's tradition, influencing local and foreign consumers' preferences and contributing significantly to Cyprus' economy. A key contributor to wine quality and sensorial characteristics development is the microbiota that colonizes grapes and performs alcoholic fermentation. Still, the microbial patterns of wines produced in different geographic regions () in Cyprus remain unknown. The present study investigated the microbial diversity of five in Cyprus, two from the PGI Lemesos region [Kyperounta (PDO Pitsilia) and Koilani (PDO Krasochoria)], and three from the PGI Pafos region [Kathikas (PDO Laona Akamas), Panayia, and Statos (PDO Panayia)], of two grape varieties, Xynisteri and Maratheftiko, using high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Through a longitudinal analysis, we examined the evolution of the bacterial and fungal diversity during spontaneous alcoholic fermentation. Both varieties were characterized by a progressive reduction in their fungal alpha diversity (Shannon index) throughout the process of fermentation. Additionally, the study revealed a distinct separation among different in total fungal community composition (beta-diversity) for the variety Xynisteri. Also, Kyperounta had a distinct total fungal beta-diversity from the other for Maratheftiko. Similarly, a significant distinction was demonstrated in total bacterial diversity between the PGI Lemesos region and the PGI Pafos for grape juice of the variety Xynisteri. Pre-fermentation, the fungal diversity for Xynisteri and Maratheftiko was dominated by the genera , , , , , , , , and . During and post-fermentation, the species , , , and , became the predominant in most must samples. Regarding the bacterial diversity, and were the predominant genera for both grape varieties in all stages of fermentation. During fermentation, an increase was observed in the relative abundance of some bacteria, such as , , and . Finally, the study revealed microbial biomarkers with statistically significant higher relative representation, associated with each geographic region and each grape variety, during the different stages of fermentation. The present study's findings provide an additional linkage between the grape microbial community and the wine .
PubMed: 34630353
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.726483 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Epiphytic microbial communities significantly impact the health and quality of grape berries. This study utilized high-performance liquid chromatography and...
Epiphytic microbial communities significantly impact the health and quality of grape berries. This study utilized high-performance liquid chromatography and high-throughput sequencing to explore the epiphytic microbial diversity and physicochemical indicators in nine different wine grape varieties. In total, 1,056,651 high-quality bacterial 16S rDNA sequences and 1,101,314 fungal ITS reads were used for taxonomic categorization. Among the bacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla, and , , , , , , and were the dominant genera. Among the fungi, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phyla, and , , , , and were the dominant genera. Notably, Matheran (MSL) and Riesling (RS) exhibited the highest microbial diversity among the nine grape varieties. Moreover, pronounced differences in epiphytic microorganisms in red and white grapes suggested that the grape variety significantly influences the structure of surface microbial communities. Understanding the composition of epiphytic microorganisms on the grape skin can provide a direct guide to winemaking.
PubMed: 37430923
DOI: 10.3390/foods11203174 -
World Journal of Microbiology &... Sep 2022This research investigated the characteristics of Zalaria obscura LS31012019 in terms of growth ability in different media (SDB, YPD and TSB) and temperatures (22, 25...
This research investigated the characteristics of Zalaria obscura LS31012019 in terms of growth ability in different media (SDB, YPD and TSB) and temperatures (22, 25 and 37 °C), utilization of several carbon sources (Glucose, Fructose, Lactose, Sucrose, Xylose, Glycerol and Mannitol at 5, 2 and 1%) and several biochemical features (total protein content, Glutathione, pigments), in comparison with those of the phylogenetically related Aureobasidium pullulans ATCC 15233. The best growth of Z. obscura LS31012019 was obtained in YPD at 25 °C with the highest OD value (0.45) after 144 h of incubation, similar to that of A. pullulans ATCC 15233 (0.48). Glucose resulted the preferred carbon source for both the considered yeasts but also sucrose resulted in efficacy supporting the growth of Z. obscura LS31012019 and A. pullulans ATCC 15233, for their ability in converting sucrose to glucose and fructose and the latter into glucose. Interestingly, Z. obscura LS31012019 utilized also glycerol and mannitol. The biochemical analysis showed the similarity of protein profile in Z. obscura LS31012019 and A. pullulans ATCC 15233 (from 90 to 20 kDa) and a reduced GSH content (0.321 and 0.233 µmol/mg). The pigments extraction with hexane generated a yellow oleaginous pellet in both the strains, while a yellow solid matrix more intensely coloured in A. pullulans ATTC 15233 was visible with the following solvent extractions. Overall, our data showed that Z. obscura LS31012019 can grow in different media and temperatures and utilize carbon sources apart from glucose and sucrose, shifting to a non-fermentative metabolism. These results improve the information regarding the characteristics of Z. obscura, opening a new field of investigation for the possible application of new species of black yeasts in human application.
Topics: Ascomycota; Carbon
PubMed: 36149541
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03417-y