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The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology... Jan 2020Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a term that is used to describe individuals who are not affected by celiac disease or wheat allergy, yet they have intestinal... (Review)
Review
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a term that is used to describe individuals who are not affected by celiac disease or wheat allergy, yet they have intestinal and/or extra-intestinal symptoms related to gluten ingestion with improvement of their symptoms upon withdrawing gluten from their diet. Gluten-related disorder groups are manifested by symptoms of gastrointestinal tract disorders, as well as hematological dermatological endocrinological, gynecological, rheumatological and nervous system symptoms. It is believed that NCGS represents heterogeneous groups with different subgroups characterized by different etiologies, clinical histories and clinical courses. There also appears to be an overlap between NCGS and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). There is a need for establishing strict criteria for diagnosing NCGS. The absence of validated biomarkers remains a significant limitation for research studies on NCGS. New evidence shows that a gluten-free diet may be beneficial for some patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, such as those symptoms commonly found in patients with IBS. Further studies about NCGS are needed.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Autoimmune Diseases; Diet, Gluten-Free; Food Hypersensitivity; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Glutens; Irritable Bowel Syndrome
PubMed: 31986568
DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2020.75.1.11 -
Acta Dermato-venereologica Feb 2020Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an autoimmune skin disease that causes itchy, blistering rash, typically on the elbows, knees and buttocks. DH and coeliac disease share... (Review)
Review
Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an autoimmune skin disease that causes itchy, blistering rash, typically on the elbows, knees and buttocks. DH and coeliac disease share the same genetic background, gluten-dependent enteropathy and antibody response against tissue transglutaminase. DH is currently considered a cutaneous manifestation of coeliac disease, and the prevailing hypothesis is that DH develops as a late manifestation of subclinical coeliac disease. The incidence of DH is decreasing contemporarily with the increasing incidence of coeliac disease. The IgA immune response in DH skin is directed against epidermal transglutaminase, while the autoantigen in the gut is tissue transglutaminase. Granular IgA deposition in the papillary dermis is pathognomonic for DH, and is a finding used to confirm the diagnosis. The treatment of choice for DH is a life-long gluten-free diet, which resolves the rash and enteropathy, increases quality of life, and offers a good long-term prognosis.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Celiac Disease; Combined Modality Therapy; Comorbidity; Dapsone; Dermatitis Herpetiformis; Diet, Gluten-Free; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Transglutaminases; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32039457
DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3401 -
Cell Apr 2020Autoimmune diseases are a result of the immune system being misdirected toward its host and have major and increasing unmet clinical needs. In general, present therapies... (Review)
Review
Autoimmune diseases are a result of the immune system being misdirected toward its host and have major and increasing unmet clinical needs. In general, present therapies are broadly acting and non-disease specific; consequently, they are associated with numerous side effects. Precise and early intervention strategies are urgently needed. We highlight the challenges, progress, and prospects in achieving these goals.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunotherapy
PubMed: 32243797
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.007 -
Biomolecules Apr 2023Autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs), which are a group of tissue-specific autoimmune diseases of the skin, present with various blistering lesions on the skin and mucous... (Review)
Review
Autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs), which are a group of tissue-specific autoimmune diseases of the skin, present with various blistering lesions on the skin and mucous membranes, and show autoantibodies of IgG, IgA and IgM against epidermal cell surfaces and basement membrane zone. To date, AIBDs have been classified into a number of distinct subtypes by clinical and histopathological findings, and immunological characteristics. In addition, various biochemical and molecular biological studies have identified various novel autoantigens in AIBDs, which has resulted in proposals of new subtypes of AIBDs. In this article, we summarized various distinct AIBDs, and proposed the latest and most comprehensive classification of AIBDs with their autoantigen molecules.
Topics: Humans; Autoantibodies; Autoantigens; Autoimmune Diseases; Skin; Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous
PubMed: 37189450
DOI: 10.3390/biom13040703 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Autoimmune disorders (ADs) are a group of about 80 disorders that occur when self-attacking autoantibodies are produced due to failure in the self-tolerance mechanisms.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Autoimmune disorders (ADs) are a group of about 80 disorders that occur when self-attacking autoantibodies are produced due to failure in the self-tolerance mechanisms. ADs are polygenic disorders and associations with genes both in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region and outside of it have been described. Previous studies have shown that they are highly comorbid with shared genetic risk factors, while epidemiological studies revealed associations between various lifestyle and health-related phenotypes and ADs.
METHODS
Here, for the first time, we performed a comparative polygenic risk score (PRS) - Phenome Wide Association Study (PheWAS) for 11 different ADs (Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Celiac Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriasis, Myasthenia Gravis, Type 1 Diabetes, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Vitiligo Late Onset, Vitiligo Early Onset) and 3,254 phenotypes available in the UK Biobank that include a wide range of socio-demographic, lifestyle and health-related outcomes. Additionally, we investigated the genetic relationships of the studied ADs, calculating their genetic correlation and conducting cross-disorder GWAS meta-analyses for the observed AD clusters.
RESULTS
In total, we identified 508 phenotypes significantly associated with at least one AD PRS. 272 phenotypes were significantly associated after excluding variants in the HLA region from the PRS estimation. Through genetic correlation and genetic factor analyses, we identified four genetic factors that run across studied ADs. Cross-trait meta-analyses within each factor revealed pleiotropic genome-wide significant loci.
DISCUSSION
Overall, our study confirms the association of different factors with genetic susceptibility for ADs and reveals novel observations that need to be further explored.
Topics: Humans; Autoimmune Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; HLA Antigens; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Vitiligo
PubMed: 37809097
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147573 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2023The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway plays a significant role in health and disease. In this pathway, cGAS, one of the major... (Review)
Review
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway plays a significant role in health and disease. In this pathway, cGAS, one of the major cytosolic DNA sensors in mammalian cells, regulates innate immunity and the STING-dependent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including type-I interferon. Moreover, the cGAS-STING pathway is integral to other cellular processes, such as cell death, cell senescence, and autophagy. Activation of the cGAS-STING pathway by "self" DNA is also attributed to various infectious diseases and autoimmune or inflammatory conditions. In addition, the cGAS-STING pathway activation functions as a link between innate and adaptive immunity, leading to the inhibition or facilitation of tumorigenesis; therefore, research targeting this pathway can provide novel clues for clinical applications to treat infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases and even cancer. In this review, we focus on the cGAS-STING pathway and its corresponding cellular and molecular mechanisms in health and disease.
Topics: Animals; Adaptive Immunity; Autoimmune Diseases; Autophagy; Interferon Type I; Mammals; Nucleotidyltransferases
PubMed: 37686127
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713316 -
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Nov 2023Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a multifactorial-mediated autoimmune orbital disease with the highest incidence of orbital disease in adults. Due to the...
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a multifactorial-mediated autoimmune orbital disease with the highest incidence of orbital disease in adults. Due to the complex clinical manifestations and prolonged course,TAO seriously affect the physical and mental health of patients.The pathogenesis of TAO has not been fully elucidated and the treatment lacks specificity. Therefore, in-depth research on the pathogenesis of TAO is to find effective treatments. In recent years, studies have suggested that there is gut microbiota disorder in TAO, and the risk factors of TAO can promote gut microbiota disorder. Disordered gut microbiota can participate in the occurrence and development of TAO via influencing T cell differentiation, mimicking autoantigens, and influencing host non-coding RNA expression. Modulating the gut microbiota also has therapeutic effects on TAO and is a promising therapeutic approach.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Graves Ophthalmopathy; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Orbital Diseases; Autoimmune Diseases; Cell Differentiation
PubMed: 38432867
DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.230187 -
Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills,... Apr 2020Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two common autoimmune rheumatic diseases that vary in severity, clinical presentation, and disease... (Review)
Review
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two common autoimmune rheumatic diseases that vary in severity, clinical presentation, and disease course between individuals. Molecular and genetic studies of both diseases have identified candidate genes and molecular pathways that are linked to various disease outcomes and treatment responses. Currently, patients can be grouped into molecular subsets in each disease, and these molecular categories should enable precision medicine approaches to be applied in rheumatic diseases. In this article, we will review key lessons learned about disease heterogeneity and molecular characterization in rheumatology, which we hope will lead to personalized therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Humans; Precision Medicine; Rheumatic Diseases; Rheumatology
PubMed: 31965913
DOI: 10.1177/1352458519884249 -
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Nov 2023Autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis that is the most prevalent rheumatic autoimmune disorder, affect autologous connective tissues caused by the... (Review)
Review
Autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis that is the most prevalent rheumatic autoimmune disorder, affect autologous connective tissues caused by the breakdown of the self-tolerance mechanisms of the immune system. During the last two decades, cell-based therapy, including stem cells and none-stem cells has been increasingly considered as a therapeutic option in various diseases. This is partly due to the unique properties of stem cells that divide and differentiate from the specialized cells in the damaged tissue. Moreover, stem cells and none-stem cells, impose immunomodulatory properties affecting the diseases caused by immunological abnormalities such as rheumatic autoimmune disorders. In the present review, the efficacy of cell-based therapy with four main types of stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and human amniotic membrane cells, as well as none-stem cells, including regulatory T cells, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and tolerogenic dendritic cells will be evaluated. Moreover, other related issues, including safety, changes in immunological parameters, suitable choice of stem cell and none-stem cell origin, conditioning regimen, limitations, and complications will be discussed.
Topics: Humans; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Immune Tolerance; Immunomodulation
PubMed: 38018576
DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1091 -
Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology Mar 2023Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune disorder in which clinically amyopathic DM, characterised by hallmark cutaneous findings in the absence of clinical weakness,... (Review)
Review
Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune disorder in which clinically amyopathic DM, characterised by hallmark cutaneous findings in the absence of clinical weakness, represents 20% of patients. This review will highlight current concepts and recent advances made in DM from a dermatological perspective, with a discussion of skin-predominant DM and its distinct challenges regarding diagnosis and management as well as their implications in clinical trials. An update will be presented with respect to classification criteria, pathogenesis in cutaneous DM, myositis-specific autoantibodies and their associations with cutaneous findings, skin-specific outcome measures and new therapeutics with their efficacy in skin disease.
Topics: Humans; Dermatomyositis; Skin; Myositis; Autoimmune Diseases; Autoantibodies
PubMed: 36622138
DOI: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/ue71ku