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Dental Traumatology : Official... Aug 2020Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) of permanent teeth occur frequently in children and young adults. Crown fractures and luxations of these teeth are the most commonly... (Review)
Review
Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) of permanent teeth occur frequently in children and young adults. Crown fractures and luxations of these teeth are the most commonly occurring of all dental injuries. Proper diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow up are important for achieving a favorable outcome. Guidelines should assist dentists and patients in decision making and in providing the best care possible, both effectively and efficiently. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has developed these Guidelines as a consensus statement after a comprehensive review of the dental literature and working group discussions. Experienced researchers and clinicians from various specialties and the general dentistry community were included in the working group. In cases where the published data did not appear conclusive, recommendations were based on the consensus opinions of the working group. They were then reviewed and approved by the members of the IADT Board of Directors. These Guidelines represent the best current evidence based on literature search and expert opinion. The primary goal of these Guidelines is to delineate an approach for the immediate or urgent care of TDIs. In this first article, the IADT Guidelines cover the management of fractures and luxations of permanent teeth. The IADT does not, and cannot, guarantee favorable outcomes from adherence to the Guidelines. However, the IADT believes that their application can maximize the probability of favorable outcomes.
Topics: Child; Dentition, Permanent; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Tooth Avulsion; Tooth Fractures; Tooth Injuries; Traumatology; Young Adult
PubMed: 32475015
DOI: 10.1111/edt.12578 -
Dental Traumatology : Official... Aug 2020Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) occur most frequently in children and young adults. Older adults also suffer TDIs but at significantly lower rates than individuals in... (Review)
Review
Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) occur most frequently in children and young adults. Older adults also suffer TDIs but at significantly lower rates than individuals in the younger cohorts. Luxation injuries are the most common TDIs in the primary dentition, whereas crown fractures are more commonly reported for the permanent teeth. Proper diagnosis, treatment planning and follow up are very important to assure a favorable outcome. These updates of the International Association of Dental Traumatology's (IADT) Guidelines include a comprehensive review of the current dental literature using EMBASE, MEDLINE, PUBMED, Scopus, and Cochrane Databases for Systematic Reviews searches from 1996 to 2019 and a search of the journal Dental Traumatology from 2000 to 2019. The goal of these guidelines is to provide information for the immediate or urgent care of TDIs. It is understood that some follow-up treatment may require secondary and tertiary interventions involving dental and medical specialists with experience in dental trauma. As with previous guidelines, the current working group included experienced investigators and clinicians from various dental specialties and general practice. The current revision represents the best evidence based on the available literature and expert opinions. In cases where the published data were not conclusive, recommendations were based on the consensus opinions of the working group. They were then reviewed and approved by the members of the IADT Board of Directors. It is understood that guidelines are to be applied using careful evaluation of the specific clinical circumstances, the clinician's judgment, and the patient's characteristics, including the probability of compliance, finances and a clear understanding of the immediate and long-term outcomes of the various treatment options vs non-treatment. The IADT does not, and cannot, guarantee favorable outcomes from adherence to the Guidelines. However, the IADT believes that their application can maximize the probability of favorable outcomes.
Topics: Aged; Child; Dentition, Permanent; Humans; Tooth Avulsion; Tooth Fractures; Tooth Injuries; Tooth, Deciduous; Traumatology; Young Adult
PubMed: 32472740
DOI: 10.1111/edt.12574 -
Cureus Oct 2023We report on the case of a 52-year-old male who sustained a transverse patellar fracture after tripping on uneven pavement. These fractures can be easy to miss on...
We report on the case of a 52-year-old male who sustained a transverse patellar fracture after tripping on uneven pavement. These fractures can be easy to miss on anteroposterior views, highlighting the importance of multiple radiographic views of the knee. Examination of the knee is also important, as initial clinical appearance can be benign. These fractures are most often seen in adolescents, which makes the current case somewhat unusual.
PubMed: 38022054
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46695 -
Journal of the Belgian Society of... 2021Acute and subacute wrist trauma predominantly consist of fractures of the distal radius in elderly patients and most frequently carpal fractures (scaphoid, followed by... (Review)
Review
Acute and subacute wrist trauma predominantly consist of fractures of the distal radius in elderly patients and most frequently carpal fractures (scaphoid, followed by triquetrum and hamatum) and avulsion fractures of the ulnar styloid in younger patients, especially in sports-related injuries but also in work activities. The initial radiographs may miss the fractures and result when untreated in complications as nonunion, osteonecrosis, and degenerative osteoarthritis. Fractures of the distal radius and of the scaphoid may be associated with ligament injuries, most frequently the scapholunate complex, which are often overlooked at the emergency department. Patients without osseous injuries may present intrinsic and extrinsic ligament tears that may lead to carpal instability when they are clinically and/or radiologically missed. Therefore, in acute and subacute setting, computed tomography may be helpful for the detection of subtle fractures, and magnetic resonance imaging, for the early diagnosis of occult fractures and ligament injuries.
PubMed: 35071978
DOI: 10.5334/jbsr.2709 -
Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal... Apr 2021The triquetrum is the second most commonly fractured carpal bone, comprising 15-18% of all carpal bone fractures. This review summarizes the current knowledge of... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The triquetrum is the second most commonly fractured carpal bone, comprising 15-18% of all carpal bone fractures. This review summarizes the current knowledge of triquetral fractures, including the anatomy and pathophysiology, evaluation and diagnosis, treatment and management, post-treatment outcomes, and complications.
RECENT FINDINGS
Triquetral fractures are frequently caused by impaction of the ulnar wrist after a fall on an outstretched hand or by avulsion of attached ligaments. There are three main types of triquetral fractures: dorsal cortical fractures, triquetral body fractures, and volar cortical fractures. Dorsal cortical fractures are the most common and are usually benign, while volar cortical fractures are the least common and can be problematic. Nonsurgical management is indicated for most triquetral fractures, which usually results in good outcomes. Surgical treatment is indicated for fractures with significant displacement or evidence of instability. Complications of triquetral fractures include non-union, triangular fibrocartilage complex injury, and pisotriquetral arthritis. While less common than scaphoid fractures, triquetral fractures should remain in the differential diagnosis for patients with ulnar-sided wrist pain after falling on an outstretched hand. Most triquetral fractures can be treated with immobilization, though they should be thoroughly evaluated due to their potential to result in instability, loss of motion, and arthrosis. Further research is needed to determine the best method of surgical treatment.
PubMed: 33483875
DOI: 10.1007/s12178-021-09692-w -
Praxis Feb 2021
Topics: Femur; Fractures, Avulsion; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Joint Diseases; Muscular Diseases
PubMed: 33530779
DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003616 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... May 2020Avulsion injuries of the pelvis and hip region are typical injuries in adolescent athletes but can be found in adults as well. Typical sites for avulsion injuries... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Avulsion injuries of the pelvis and hip region are typical injuries in adolescent athletes but can be found in adults as well. Typical sites for avulsion injuries include the origin/insertion of tendons and ligaments. Among adolescents, the not yet ossified apophysis is also frequently involved. The pelvis and hip are especially prone to such injuries due to their complex musculotendinous anatomy. Clinical history and physical examination in combination with the recognition of typical imaging findings are essential for correct diagnosis of these mostly acute, but sometimes also chronic injuries.
METHODS
This review article describes typical avulsion injuries of the pelvis and hip and illustrates common radiological findings. Taking current literature into account, there is a special focus on the trauma mechanism, clinical examination, typical imaging findings and clinical management.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Detailed knowledge of musculotendinous anatomy and typical injury mechanisms allows a correct diagnosis of avulsion injuries often only based on clinical examination and radiographic findings. Further imaging with ultrasound and MRI may be necessary to evaluate tendon retraction in non-osseous avulsion injuries and extent of soft-tissue damage. Knowledge of potential complications of acute/chronic injuries can help to avoid unnecessary examinations or invasive interventions. Conservative management of avulsion injuries usually leads to functionally good results. However, in the case of competitive athletes, relatively wide bone fragment dislocation or marked tendon retraction, operative re-fixation may be considered in order to expedite the rehabilitation process.
KEY POINTS
· Avulsion injuries are common injuries at the pelvic region especially in adolescent athletes, due to not yet ossified apophysis.. · Excellent anatomical knowledge is essential for proper diagnostic evaluation and predicting the mechanism of injury.. · Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosing avulsion injuries starting from X-Ray and using MRI and CT for anatomical details by utilizing multiplanar capabilities..
CITATION FORMAT
· Albtoush OM, Bani-Issa J, Zitzelsberger T et al. Avulsion Injuries of the Pelvis and Hip. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2020; 192: 431 - 440.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Adolescent; Adult; Athletic Injuries; Enthesopathy; Female; Fractures, Avulsion; Hip Fractures; Humans; Ilium; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Ligaments; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Pelvic Bones; Physical Examination; Tendon Injuries
PubMed: 32106326
DOI: 10.1055/a-1082-1598