-
Trends in Neurosciences Jan 2021Interoceptive pathways may be manipulated at various levels to develop interventions to improve symptoms in a range of disorders. Primarily through the lens of the... (Review)
Review
Interoceptive pathways may be manipulated at various levels to develop interventions to improve symptoms in a range of disorders. Primarily through the lens of the respiratory system, we outline various pathways that can be manipulated at neural, behavioral, and psychological levels to change the representation of and attention to interoceptive signals, which can alter interconnected physiological systems and improve functioning and adaptive behavior. Interventions can alter interoception via neuromodulation of the vagus nerve, slow breathing to change respiratory rate and depth, or awareness processes such as mindfulness-based interventions. Aspects of this framework may be applied to other physiological systems and future research may integrate interventions across multiple levels of manipulation or bodily systems.
Topics: Awareness; Humans; Interoception; Mindfulness
PubMed: 33378657
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.09.010 -
Trends in Neurosciences Jan 2021The present paper considers recent progress in our understanding of the afferent/ascending neural pathways and neural circuits of interoception. Of particular note is... (Review)
Review
The present paper considers recent progress in our understanding of the afferent/ascending neural pathways and neural circuits of interoception. Of particular note is the extensive role of rostral neural systems, including cortical systems, in the recognition of internal body states, and the reciprocal role of efferent/descending systems in the regulation of those states. Together these reciprocal interacting networks entail interoceptive circuits that play an important role in a broad range of functions beyond the homeostatic maintenance of physiological steady-states. These include the regulation of behavioral, cognitive, and affective processes across conscious and nonconscious levels of processing. We highlight recent advances and knowledge gaps that are important for accelerating progress in the study of interoception.
Topics: Awareness; Homeostasis; Humans; Interoception; Neural Pathways
PubMed: 33378653
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.09.011 -
European Journal of Physical and... Oct 2019Fibromyalgia is a long-term condition that is associated with widespread pain and is recognized as one of the major common causes of disability. The standard clinical... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Fibromyalgia is a long-term condition that is associated with widespread pain and is recognized as one of the major common causes of disability. The standard clinical guidance for fibromyalgia includes both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. In the latter, different interventions are implemented such as aerobic exercises, flexibility exercises, strength training, stretching and body awareness (BA) therapies. The aims of this review were to provide a summary of movement and BA therapies in patients with fibromyalgia and to compare the different therapies in relation to outcomes.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
The search strategy was undertaken using the following databases from inception to October 2018: PubMed, Cinahl, PEDro, PsychoInfo and The Cochrane Library. Articles were eligible if they were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing movement and BA therapies with another intervention.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
Two authors independently extracted data and assessed trial quality; 418 studies were found, twenty-two of which met the inclusion criteria. Pain symptom was improved with movement and BA therapies such as, affective self-awareness, t'ai chi, yoga, belly dance, strengthening program and Resseguier method. Forest plot analysis in short term confirms positive trend in favor of BA; however, a great heterogeneity was found between trials.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review and meta-analysis shows positive results in favor of movement and BA therapies as adjunct treatment to usual care in patients who suffer from fibromyalgia. Further work in identifying the mechanism of action by which BA therapies benefit outcomes should be undertaken.
Topics: Awareness; Disability Evaluation; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Fibromyalgia; Humans; Muscle Stretching Exercises; Proprioception; Resistance Training; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 31106558
DOI: 10.23736/S1973-9087.19.05291-2 -
Trends in Neurosciences Jan 2020Ordinary human experience is embedded in a web of causal relations that link the brain to the body and the wider environment. However, there might be conditions in which... (Review)
Review
Ordinary human experience is embedded in a web of causal relations that link the brain to the body and the wider environment. However, there might be conditions in which brain activity supports consciousness even when that activity is fully causally isolated from the body and its environment. Such cases would involve what we call islands of awareness: conscious states that are neither shaped by sensory input nor able to be expressed by motor output. This Opinion paper considers conditions in which such islands might occur, including ex cranio brains, hemispherotomy, and in cerebral organoids. We examine possible methods for detecting islands of awareness, and consider their implications for ethics and for the nature of consciousness.
Topics: Awareness; Brain; Consciousness; Humans
PubMed: 31836316
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.11.003 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... Oct 2023The incidence of 5-Fluorouracil (5FU)- induced leukoencephalopathy is <5% among the patients treated with this agent. It may present with disorientation, confusion,...
The incidence of 5-Fluorouracil (5FU)- induced leukoencephalopathy is <5% among the patients treated with this agent. It may present with disorientation, confusion, agitation, seizure, and coma. It should be suspected when patients present with any of these symptoms during or immediately after 5FU chemotherapy. Early detection of drug-induced leukoencephalopathy is important as the clinical symptoms can be reversed by early discontinuation of the drug. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of this adverse neurologic effect of 5FU. We describe the case of a 35-year-old female with carcinoma esophagus with 5FU-induced leukoencephalopathy.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Awareness; Carcinoma; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Fluorouracil; Leukoencephalopathies
PubMed: 38376324
DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2165_21 -
Soins; La Revue de Reference Infirmiere 2020
Topics: Awareness; Humans
PubMed: 33160478
DOI: 10.1016/S0038-0814(20)30156-0 -
Journal of Neurophysiology Apr 2022In a recent article published in titled "Sensitivity to changes in rate of heartbeats as a measure of interoceptive ability," Larsson et al. ( 126: 1799-1813, 2021)... (Review)
Review
In a recent article published in titled "Sensitivity to changes in rate of heartbeats as a measure of interoceptive ability," Larsson et al. ( 126: 1799-1813, 2021) introduce a new method to evaluate the interoceptive ability and report a surprising tendency in humans to perceive fewer heartbeats during spontaneous increases in resting heart rate. The authors argue that this result reflects a reduction in the strength of the heartbeat during the inspiration periods. Here, we discuss this finding and propose a complementary interpretation grounded on consciousness research and an emerging literature showing the influence of the breathing phase on perception and brain activity at rest.
Topics: Awareness; Consciousness; Heart Rate; Humans; Interoception; Respiration; Respiratory Rate
PubMed: 35294271
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00027.2022 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... May 2023
Topics: Animals; Perception; Awareness
PubMed: 37126709
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303377120 -
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD 2022Impaired awareness of ability is common in dementia and has important clinical implications. Evidence from different clinical groups has shown that awareness can vary...
BACKGROUND
Impaired awareness of ability is common in dementia and has important clinical implications. Evidence from different clinical groups has shown that awareness can vary according to whether evaluation refers to self or other performance.
OBJECTIVE
The present study aimed to investigate awareness for self- and other-performance in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, exploring if results vary according to cognitive domain of the tasks. It was hypothesized that, particularly for memory tasks, AD patients would be inaccurate in relation to self-but not other-performance.
METHODS
Twenty-two mild to moderate AD patients and twenty-two healthy older adults participated. Two tasks, with reaction time and working memory tasks, were carried out, and each had a success and a failure condition. Participants were asked to estimate their own performance, as well as the performance of another person they observed. Awareness of performance was measured comparing participant estimations of performance with actual performance.
RESULTS
For both the reaction time and working memory tasks, results indicate that participants from both groups overestimated the performance in the failure condition and underestimated the performance in the success condition. They tended to overestimate more the performance of the other person compared to themselves. Additionally, for the working memory task, AD patients tended to overestimate more performances compared to controls.
CONCLUSION
Findings suggest that the AD and control groups present the same pattern, with attribution of better performance to another person. For the AD group, the pattern of response was different for memory tasks, which may suggest domain-specific limited awareness.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Neuropsychological Tests; Awareness; Reaction Time
PubMed: 36093698
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-220453 -
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Jun 2023Effective team behavior in high-performance environments such as in sport and the military requires individual team members to efficiently perceive the unfolding task... (Review)
Review
Effective team behavior in high-performance environments such as in sport and the military requires individual team members to efficiently perceive the unfolding task events, predict the actions and action intents of the other team members, and plan and execute their own actions to simultaneously accomplish individual and collective goals. To enhance team performance through effective cooperation, it is crucial to measure the situation awareness and dynamics of each team member and how they collectively impact the team's functioning. Further, to be practically useful for real-life settings, such measures must be easily obtainable from existing sensors. This paper presents several methodologies that can be used on positional and movement acceleration data of team members to quantify and/or predict team performance, assess situation awareness, and to help identify task-relevant information to support individual decision-making. Given the limited reporting of these methods within military cohorts, these methodologies are described using examples from team sports and teams training in virtual environments, with discussion as to how they can be applied to real-world military teams.
Topics: Humans; Awareness; Sports; Military Personnel; Team Sports; Patient Care Team
PubMed: 37150726
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.04.004