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Cells, Tissues, Organs 2022To date, the creation of biomimetic devices for the regeneration and repair of injured or diseased tissues and organs remains a crucial challenge in tissue engineering.... (Review)
Review
To date, the creation of biomimetic devices for the regeneration and repair of injured or diseased tissues and organs remains a crucial challenge in tissue engineering. Membrane technology offers advanced approaches to realize multifunctional tools with permissive environments well-controlled at molecular level for the development of functional tissues and organs. Membranes in fiber configuration with precisely controlled, tunable topography, and physical, biochemical, and mechanical cues, can direct and control the function of different kinds of cells toward the recovery from disorders and injuries. At the same time, fiber tools also provide the potential to model diseases in vitro for investigating specific biological phenomena as well as for drug testing. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the literature concerning the development of hollow fibers and electrospun fiber membranes used in bioartificial organs, tissue engineered constructs, and in vitro bioreactors. With the aim to highlight the main biomedical applications of fiber-based systems, the first part reviews the fibers for bioartificial liver and liver tissue engineering with special attention to their multifunctional role in the long-term maintenance of specific liver functions and in driving hepatocyte differentiation. The second part reports the fiber-based systems used for neuronal tissue applications including advanced approaches for the creation of novel nerve conduits and in vitro models of brain tissue. Besides presenting recent advances and achievements, this work also delineates existing limitations and highlights emerging possibilities and future prospects in this field.
Topics: Bioreactors; Liver; Liver, Artificial; Nanofibers; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 33849029
DOI: 10.1159/000511680 -
Biosensors Jul 2022To produce innovative biopharmaceuticals, highly flexible, adaptable, robust, and affordable bioprocess platforms for bioreactors are essential. In this article, we...
To produce innovative biopharmaceuticals, highly flexible, adaptable, robust, and affordable bioprocess platforms for bioreactors are essential. In this article, we describe the development of a large-area microfluidic bioreactor (LM bioreactor) for mammalian cell culture that works at laminar flow and perfusion conditions. The 184 cm 32 cisterns LM bioreactor is the largest polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device fabricated by photopolymer flexographic master mold methodology, reaching a final volume of 2.8 mL. The LM bioreactor was connected to a syringe pump system for culture media perfusion, and the cells' culture was monitored by photomicrograph imaging. CHO-ahIFN-α2b adherent cell line expressing the anti-hIFN-a2b recombinant scFv-Fc monoclonal antibody (mAb) for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus were cultured on the LM bioreactor. Cell culture and mAb production in the LM bioreactor could be sustained for 18 days. Moreover, the anti-hIFN-a2b produced in the LM bioreactor showed higher affinity and neutralizing antiproliferative activity compared to those mAbs produced in the control condition. We demonstrate for the first-time, a large area microfluidic bioreactor for mammalian cell culture that enables a controlled microenvironment suitable for the development of high-quality biologics with potential for therapeutic use.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Bioreactors; CHO Cells; Cell Culture Techniques; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Microfluidics; Recombinant Proteins
PubMed: 35884329
DOI: 10.3390/bios12070526 -
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za... Jun 2021To review the advances in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in tissue engineering. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review the advances in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in tissue engineering.
METHODS
The latest research of CFD applied to tissue engineering were extensively retrieved and analyzed, the optimization of bioreactor design and the simulation of fluid dynamics and cell growth kinetics during tissue regeneration were mainly reviewed.
RESULTS
The simulation and predictive capabilities of CFD can provide important guidance for the optimization of bioreactor design, and the cultivation of engineering tissue. The accuracy of model prediction results can be further improved by combining with experimental research.
CONCLUSION
As a new and effective research tool, CFD has its unique advantages in the application of tissue engineering. However, a more comprehensive and accurate simulation of the whole process of tissue regeneration still needs further studies.
Topics: Bioreactors; Cell Proliferation; Computer Simulation; Hydrodynamics; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 34142507
DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202012098 -
Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical... Dec 2022Bioreactors are important tools for the pre-conditioning of tissue-engineered heart valves. The current state of the art mostly provides for timed, physical and...
Bioreactors are important tools for the pre-conditioning of tissue-engineered heart valves. The current state of the art mostly provides for timed, physical and biochemical stimulation in the bioreactor systems according to standard protocols (SOP). However, this does not meet to the individual biological variability of living tissue-engineered constructs. To achieve this, it is necessary to implement (i) sensory systems that detect the actual status of the implant and (ii) controllable bioreactor systems that allow patient-individualized pre-conditioning. During the maturation process, a pulsatile transvalvular flow of culture medium is generated within the bioreactor. For the improvement of this conditioning procedure, the relationship between the mechanical and biochemical stimuli and the corresponding tissue response has to be analyzed by performing reproducible and comparable experiments. In this work, a technological framework for maturation experiments of tissue-engineered heart valves in a pulsating bioreactor is introduced. The aim is the development of a bioreactor system that allows for continuous control and documentation of the conditioning process to increase reproducibility and comparability of experiments. This includes hardware components, a communication structure and software including online user communication and supervision. Preliminary experiments were performed with a tissue-engineered heart valve to evaluate the function of the new system. The results of the experiment proof the adequacy of the setup. Consequently, the concept is an important step for further research towards controlled maturation of tissue-engineered heart valves. The integration of molecular and histological sensor systems will be the next important step towards a fully automated, self-controlled preconditioning system.
Topics: Humans; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Reproducibility of Results; Bioreactors; Tissue Engineering; Heart Valves
PubMed: 36094469
DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2021-0379 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Oct 2019Industrial fermentation focuses on realizing the uniform of high titer, high yield, and high productivity. Multi-scale analysis and regulation, including molecule level,... (Review)
Review
Industrial fermentation focuses on realizing the uniform of high titer, high yield, and high productivity. Multi-scale analysis and regulation, including molecule level, cell level, and bioreactor level, facilitate global optimization and dynamic balance of fermentation process, which determine high efficiency of biosynthesis, targeted directionality of bioconversion, process robustness, and well-organized system. In this review, we summariz and discuss advances in multi-scale analysis and regulation for fermentation process focusing on the following four aspects: 1) kinetic modeling of metabolic pathways, 2) characteristic of cell metabolism, 3) co-coupling fermentation and purification, and 4) bioreactor design. Integrating multi-scale analysis of fermentation process and integrating multi-scale regulation are expected as an important strategy for realizing highly efficient fermentation by industrial microorganisms.
Topics: Bioreactors; Fermentation; Industrial Microbiology; Kinetics; Metabolic Networks and Pathways
PubMed: 31668044
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.190244 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Polyphenols and their intermediate metabolites are natural compounds that are spread worldwide. Polyphenols are antioxidant agents beneficial for human health, but... (Review)
Review
Polyphenols and their intermediate metabolites are natural compounds that are spread worldwide. Polyphenols are antioxidant agents beneficial for human health, but exposure to some of these compounds can be harmful to humans and the environment. A number of industries produce and discharge polyphenols in water effluents. These emissions pose serious environmental issues, causing the pollution of surface or groundwater (which are used to provide drinking water) or harming wildlife in the receiving ecosystems. The treatment of high-polyphenol-content waters is mandatory for many industries. Nowadays, biotechnological approaches are gaining relevance for their low footprint, high efficiency, low cost, and versatility in pollutant removal. Biotreatments exploit the diversity of microbial metabolisms in relation to the different characteristics of the polluted water, modifying the design and the operational conditions of the technologies. Microbial metabolic features have been used for full or partial polyphenol degradation since several decades ago. Nowadays, the comprehensive use of biotreatments combined with physical-chemical treatments has enhanced the removal rates to provide safe and high-quality effluents. In this review, the evolution of the biotechnological processes for treating high-polyphenol-content water is described. A particular emphasis is given to providing a general concept, indicating which bioprocess might be adopted considering the water composition and the economic/environmental requirements. The use of effective technologies for environmental phenol removal could help in reducing/avoiding the detrimental effects of these chemicals. In addition, some of them could be employed for the recovery of beneficial ones.
Topics: Humans; Polyphenols; Ecosystem; Biotechnology; Bioreactors; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 36615508
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010314 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Sep 2022The evolution of complex in vitro models of the human gastrointestinal system to interrogate the biochemical functionality of the gut microbiome has augmented our... (Review)
Review
The evolution of complex in vitro models of the human gastrointestinal system to interrogate the biochemical functionality of the gut microbiome has augmented our understanding of its role in human physiology and pathology. With 5718 authors from 52 countries, gut bioreactor research reflects the growing awareness of our need to understand the contribution of the gut microbiome to human health. Although a large body of knowledge has been generated from in vitro models, it is scattered and defined by application-specific terminologies. To better grasp the capacity of bioreactors and further our knowledge of the human gastrointestinal system, we have conducted a cross-field bibliometric search and mapped the evolution of human gastrointestinal in vitro research. We present reference material with the aim of identifying key authors and bioreactor types to enable researchers to make decisions regarding the choice of method for simulating the human gut in the context of microbiome functionality.
Topics: Bibliometrics; Bioreactors; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Microbiota
PubMed: 36095091
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03597 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE May 2021Gravity is one of the key determinants of human cell function, proliferation, cytoskeletal architecture and orientation. Rotary bioreactor systems (RCCSs) mimic the loss...
Gravity is one of the key determinants of human cell function, proliferation, cytoskeletal architecture and orientation. Rotary bioreactor systems (RCCSs) mimic the loss of gravity as it occurs in space and instead provide a microgravity environment through continuous rotation of cultured cells or tissues. These RCCSs ensure an un-interrupted supply of nutrients, growth and transcription factors, and oxygen, and address some of the shortcomings of gravitational forces in motionless 2D (two dimensional) cell or organ culture dishes. In the present study we have used RCCSs to co-culture cervical loop cells and dental pulp cells to become ameloblasts, to characterize periodontal progenitor/scaffold interactions, and to determine the effect of inflammation on lung alveoli. The RCCS environments facilitated growth of ameloblast-like cells, promoted periodontal progenitor proliferation in response to scaffold coatings, and allowed for an assessment of the effects of inflammatory changes on cultured lung alveoli. This manuscript summarizes the environmental conditions, materials, and steps along the way and highlights critical aspects and experimental details. In conclusion, RCCSs are innovative tools to master the culture and 3D (three dimensional) growth of cells in vitro and to allow for the study of cellular systems or interactions not amenable to classic 2D culture environments.
Topics: Bioreactors; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Humans; Weightlessness; Weightlessness Simulation
PubMed: 34125109
DOI: 10.3791/62690 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2021Few models exist for studying neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and there are mounting concerns that the currently available array of cell lines is not representative of NET...
Few models exist for studying neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and there are mounting concerns that the currently available array of cell lines is not representative of NET biology. The lack of stable patient-derived NET xenograft models further limits the scientific community's ability to make conclusions about NETs and their response to therapy in patients. To address these limitations, we propose the use of an ex vivo 3D flow-perfusion bioreactor system for culturing and studying patient-derived NET surrogates. Herein, we demonstrate the utility of the bioreactor system for culturing NET surrogates and provide methods for evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic agents on human NET cell line xenograft constructs and patient-derived NET surrogates. We also demonstrate that patient-derived NET tissues can be propagated using the bioreactor system and investigate the near-infrared (NIR) dye IR-783 for its use in monitoring their status within the bioreactor. The results indicate that the bioreactor system and similar 3D culture models may be valuable tools for culturing patient-derived NETs and monitoring their response to therapy .
Topics: Animals; Bioreactors; Cell Culture Techniques; Humans; Intestinal Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Mice; Models, Biological; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Stomach Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
PubMed: 35002949
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.710009 -
Marine Drugs Nov 2022Marine microalgae, diatoms, are considered a source of a wide range of high-value compounds, and numerous studies indicate their biotechnological potential in the food...
Marine microalgae, diatoms, are considered a source of a wide range of high-value compounds, and numerous studies indicate their biotechnological potential in the food and feed industry, cosmetic industry, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical industry, biodiesel production, fertilizers, and wastewater treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the growth, chemical profiles, and antioxidant activity of the diatom Skeletonema grevillei cultivated in a bioreactor and an incubation-shaking cabinet at different growth phases (after 192 and 312 h). Growth was monitored by evaluating cell density with the Sedgewick Rafter chamber, and the collected biomass was extracted with 70% ethanol assisted by ultrasound. Extracts were evaporated to dryness and compounds were identified in derivatized form by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, while antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH and ORAC. Significantly faster growth was observed in the bioreactor than in the incubation-shaking cabinet. Oleamide, palmitelaidic acid, glycerol monostearate, myristic acid, cholesterol, eicosapentaenoic acid, 1-monopalmitin, and 24-methylene cholesterol were identified as the major compounds in both systems. Among them, oleamide was the dominant compound in both systems. It is also shown that prolonging the cultivation period had a direct effect on increasing the extract yield. The highest DPPH inhibition (11.4 ± 1%) and ORAC values (93.3 ± 8.4 mM TE) were obtained for the S. grevillei extract recovered from the bioreactor after 312 h. The obtained results contribute to the possibility of using S. grevillei for various biotechnological applications in the future.
Topics: Diatoms; Microalgae; Biomass; Bioreactors; Antioxidants; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 36355020
DOI: 10.3390/md20110697