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The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Dec 2023Pediatric obesity affects endocrine conditions, which may alter growth.
CONTEXT
Pediatric obesity affects endocrine conditions, which may alter growth.
OBJECTIVE
This work aimed to investigate the effect of obesity severity and obesity treatment outcome on growth.
METHODS
This prospective cohort study included children (aged 3-18 years) enrolled in the Swedish Childhood Obesity Treatment Register (BORIS) (1998-2020). Obesity was categorized as class I and class II obesity. Obesity treatment outcome was measured as body mass index (BMI) z score changes and categorized into good (BMI z score reduction of ≥0.25), intermediate, and poor (increasing BMI z score). Height for age z score, final height, and growth velocity were compared between class I and class II obesity. Further, the effect of obesity treatment outcome on growth velocity during 2-year follow-up was assessed.
RESULTS
A total of 27 997 individuals (mean age 10.2 ± 3.6 years) were included. Individuals with class II obesity were on average taller than those with class I obesity during childhood. Among males, reduced growth spurt was observed in class I obesity, and even absent in class II obesity. Females exhibited a similar but less pronounced pattern. Good obesity treatment outcome yielded lower growth velocity at ages 3 to 9 years but higher growth velocity at ages 10 to 13 years compared to poor treatment outcome.
CONCLUSION
Obesity severity is positively associated with height and growth velocity in childhood. A hampered growth spurt during puberty should be anticipated, particularly in adolescents with severe obesity. Therefore no difference in final height between class I and class II obesity is expected. Successful obesity treatment does not harm, but rather normalizes, the growth velocity pattern.
Topics: Male; Female; Child; Humans; Adolescent; Prospective Studies; Pediatric Obesity; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Puberty
PubMed: 37453086
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad419 -
The European Journal of Neuroscience Nov 2019The question whether body height is related to different brain size measures has recently gained renewed interest as some studies have reported that body height...
The question whether body height is related to different brain size measures has recently gained renewed interest as some studies have reported that body height correlates with intelligence and several brain size measures. In this study, we re-evaluated this question by examining the relationship between body height and different brain size measures including intracranial volume, total brain volume, total cortical surface area, total cortical volume, volume of normal-appearing white matter, white matter hyperintensity, cortical surface area, cortical thickness, subcortical grey matter volume, cerebellar cortex and cerebellar white matter in a relatively large sample (n = 216) of physically and cognitively healthy elderly subjects (mean age 71 years, age range 65-85 years). We identified small correlations (r = .11-.19) between body height and seven out of 10 brain metrics (total brain volume, cortical surface area, cortical volume, subcortical volume, normal-appearing white matter volume and cerebellar grey as well as white matter volumes) when controlling for sex and age. Based on these small relationships between body height and various brain size measures, we discuss the possible reasons and theoretical problems for these small relationships.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Body Height; Brain; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Organ Size
PubMed: 31278790
DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14501 -
Gaceta Medica de Mexico 2020Children and adolescents weight and height are a reflection of the health status and socioeconomic development of a population.
INTRODUCTION
Children and adolescents weight and height are a reflection of the health status and socioeconomic development of a population.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate height and weight progression patterns of Mexican children and compare them with Dr. Ramos-Galván growth charts 40 years later.
METHOD
Cross-sectional survey conducted on the population of the National Physical Activation Program "Ponte al 100", which includes boys and girls aged six to 12 years.
RESULTS
43,670 boys and 44,103 girls were assessed, stratified by gender and age. The height progression pattern between six and 12 years was 21 cm in males and 22 cm in females, whereas the weight progression pattern was 9.86 and 10.05 kg, respectively, for males and females. The proportion of six- and 12-year-old boys who were overweight was 11.2 and 9 %, while 14.7 and 15 % were obese. The proportion of six- and 12-year-old girls who were overweight was 8.2 and 9.1 %, whereas 21.7 and 13.3 %, respectively, were obese. When the obtained values were compared with those of Dr. Ramos Galván growth charts for boys and girls, the average difference was 2 cm.
CONCLUSIONS
No secular height or weight increase within the last 40 years was documented.
Topics: Body Height; Body Weight; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Growth Charts; Humans; Male; Mexico; Middle Aged; Time Factors
PubMed: 32285859
DOI: 10.24875/GMM.M20000349 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2021Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in samples of European ancestry have identified thousands of genetic variants associated with complex traits in humans. However,...
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in samples of European ancestry have identified thousands of genetic variants associated with complex traits in humans. However, it remains largely unclear whether these associations can be used in non-European populations. Here, we seek to quantify the proportion of genetic variation for a complex trait shared between continental populations. We estimated the between-population correlation of genetic effects at all SNPs ([Formula: see text]) or genome-wide significant SNPs ([Formula: see text]) for height and body mass index (BMI) in samples of European (EUR; [Formula: see text]) and African (AFR; [Formula: see text]) ancestry. The [Formula: see text] between EUR and AFR was 0.75 ([Formula: see text]) for height and 0.68 ([Formula: see text]) for BMI, and the corresponding [Formula: see text] was 0.82 ([Formula: see text]) for height and 0.87 ([Formula: see text]) for BMI, suggesting that a large proportion of GWAS findings discovered in Europeans are likely applicable to non-Europeans for height and BMI. There was no evidence that [Formula: see text] differs in SNP groups with different levels of between-population difference in allele frequency or linkage disequilibrium, which, however, can be due to the lack of power.
Topics: Black People; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Gene Frequency; Genetic Heterogeneity; Genome, Human; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Linkage Disequilibrium; Models, Theoretical; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Quantitative Trait Loci; White People
PubMed: 33664403
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84739-z -
Economics and Human Biology Dec 2022Taller children tend to have better cognitive ability, and the relationship between height and cognition has been proposed as an explanation for the height-wage labor...
Taller children tend to have better cognitive ability, and the relationship between height and cognition has been proposed as an explanation for the height-wage labor market premium. Height-cognition associations may arise due to social factors that favor taller individuals or be driven by "common factors" that are correlated with height and cognition. Indeed, there is now evidence of a genetic correlation between height and cognition that provides specific evidence for this concern. We examine whether genetic factors explain the relationship by estimating associations between childhood height and cognition in the Twins Early Development Study. We find that height is associated with better cognition even after controlling for genetic and environmental factors shared by twins. The association between height and cognition within fraternal twin pairs is also robust to controlling for individual genetic predictors of height and cognition. These results suggest that genetic factors are not solely responsible for driving the relationship between height and cognition.
Topics: Child; Humans; Twins, Dizygotic; Body Height; Cognition
PubMed: 36027762
DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101174 -
PloS One 2020We sought to evaluate the relationship between adult body height and risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) among healthy Koreans using nationwide...
We sought to evaluate the relationship between adult body height and risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) among healthy Koreans using nationwide population-based data. We analyzed data derived from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2011. Participants over 40 years of age were included in the sample after excluding individuals with systemic comorbidities or missing relevant data. The presence and severity of AMD were graded using fundus photographs. The relationship between body height and risk of AMD was determined using multiple logistic regression analyses. Among a total of 8,435 participants, 544 (6.45%) had AMD: 502 (5.95%) with early AMD and 42 (0.5%) with late AMD. In multivariate-adjusted analyses, taller body height was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of AMD (odds ratio [OR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81-0.99), while body mass index (BMI) was not associated with AMD. An inverse association between body height and risk of AMD was observed most frequently in participants under 65 years of age (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70-0.94). Furthermore, body height showed an inverse association with risk of AMD among obese participants (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2) (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60-0.93). Subgroup analysis by AMD type disclosed a significant inverse association between body height and early AMD (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79-0.97) but not late AMD. Our results suggest that shorter body height is independently associated with increased risk of AMD, especially early AMD, in a dose-response manner in people who are obese or under 65 years of age.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Body Height; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Male; Middle Aged; Republic of Korea; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32357183
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232593 -
Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics &... Mar 2024
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Delivery, Obstetric; Fetal Macrosomia; Shoes; Weight Gain
PubMed: 38485305
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2024.01.005 -
PloS One 2019The aim of the study was to determine changes in the magnitude and direction of secular trends in body height, body weight, body mass index (BMI) and fat percentage in...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to determine changes in the magnitude and direction of secular trends in body height, body weight, body mass index (BMI) and fat percentage in university students from a university of technology and a university of physical education in a period of 50 years.
METHODS
The data were derived from the examinations of male students from the Warsaw University of Technology, conducted four times, in 1959, 1971, 1994, 2011, and male students from the Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, who were examined in 1963, 1972, 1996, and 2012. Body height, body weight and thickness of 2 skinfolds (triceps skinfold and abdomen skinfold) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) and fat percentage (FAT%) were also calculated.
RESULTS
Current university students are taller and heavier than their peers from the previous decades, with BMI remaining within the reference range. A substantial increase in fat percentage was found in both groups. Over the period of fifty years, mean fat percentage in students from the university of technology increased by 6.3% (F1,3 = 116.56, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.3736), whereas this increase in the students from the university of physical education rose by 3.5% (F1,3 = 72.94, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.3181).
CONCLUSION
Changes in secular trends in the students from both universities are likely to be linked to the dynamic economic and systematic transformation in Poland observed in the period of the last 50 years. The period of economic transformations in the last decade was more conducive to physical development of university students than the previous period of economic crises.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Humans; Male; Poland; Reference Values; Skinfold Thickness; Students; Universities; Young Adult
PubMed: 31369619
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220514 -
Experimental and Clinical... Sep 2022Body mass index (calculated as kilograms body weight divided by the square of heightin meters) is a known predictor of mortality after adult heart transplant but has...
OBJECTIVES
Body mass index (calculated as kilograms body weight divided by the square of heightin meters) is a known predictor of mortality after adult heart transplant but has limitations.We investigated whether inclusion of an explicit weight-height interaction effect improves prediction of mortality after heart transplant compared with body mass index.
METHODS AND RESULTS
We included a cohort of 46424 adults who had undergone heart transplant as documented in the United Network for Organ Sharing database. Risk-adjusted prediction models for 1-year and 5-year mortality were constructed, one with the flexible weight-height interaction and the other with the body mass index. Overall model performance (R2) and discrimination (the Harrell concordance probability C index and the Somers Dxy rank correlation) were calculated. Compared with the body mass index model, the weight-height model had slightly improved overall performance (R2, 0.316 vs 0.313) and 1-year mortality discrimination (optimism- corrected Harrell C, 0.642 vs 0.640; Somers Dxy, 0.284 vs 0.281). Compared with the body mass index model, the weight-height model had improved overall performance (R2, 0.232 vs 0.224) and similar discrimination (optimism-corrected Harrell C, 0.600 vs 0.599; Somers Dxy, 0.200 vs 0.197) for 5-year mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
Allowance for a flexible relationship between height and weight did not appreciably improve mortality prediction after heart transplant, versus body mass index, although additionalresearch is warranted.
Topics: Adult; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36169106
DOI: 10.6002/ect.2022.0182 -
Revista Chilena de Pediatria Oct 2020Based on a sample of children and adolescents of both genders, our objective is to des cribe height growth, estimate the peak age at growth spurt, growth rate at this...
OBJECTIVE
Based on a sample of children and adolescents of both genders, our objective is to des cribe height growth, estimate the peak age at growth spurt, growth rate at this point, the final adult height expected, and differential patterns Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conduc ted using demographic, clinical, and anthropometric data collected prospectively from children and adolescents of both sexes between 2015 and 2016. Height percentiles were calculated using the LMS (skewness, median, and coefficient of variation) method and then adjusted using the Preece-Baines model 1.
RESULTS
We evaluated 861 participants (484 girls, 377 boys), aged between 2 and 18 years. The estimated peak age at growth spurt (he) was 13.6 years in boys and 11.0 years in girls, with a peak growth rate (V2) at this point of 6.4 cm/year for both sexes. The mean expected adult height (h1) was 173.7 cm in boys and 160.0 cm in girls.
CONCLUSIONS
Preece-Baines model 1 provides satisfactory estimates for the peak age at growth spurt, peak growth rate at this point, and final expected adult height.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Argentina; Body Height; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Growth Charts; Humans; Male; Models, Statistical; Prospective Studies; Reference Values; Sex Factors
PubMed: 33399639
DOI: 10.32641/rchped.vi91i5.2066