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Frontiers in Immunology 2019
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Bone Development; Bone and Bones; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Osteocytes; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 31798574
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02595 -
Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical... Nov 2020The search for bone reconstruction materials and methods is an ongoing challenge. The aim of this review is to systemically search the available literature concerning... (Review)
Review
The search for bone reconstruction materials and methods is an ongoing challenge. The aim of this review is to systemically search the available literature concerning the clinical performance of eggshell as a substitute material in guided bone regeneration in oral surgery. Five databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase) were searched up to February 2020. Clinical trials that used eggshell as a bone substitute material were included in the review. Animal and in vivo studies were excluded from the review. ROBINS-I was used to evaluate the risk of bias. A total of 840 studies were retrieved, out of which 55 full-text articles were screened. Five studies were finally included: one study showed critical and four serious risk of bias. A total of 74 patients and 88 intervention sites were included in the five studies. Clinical and radiological evaluation showed complete healing during the follow-ups. Statistically significant radiological and clinical evidence of new bone formation was achieved for socket preservation, grafting after third molar extraction, and cystic/apicectomy grafting. One patient with complications was reported. Histological analysis and micro computed tomography confirmed that it promotes bone regeneration. A comparison with synthetic hydroxyapatite showed similar healing characteristics. Within the limitations of the included studies, the eggshell can be safely and efficiently used in guided bone regeneration procedures, but more research is needed to completely evaluate the full potential of this material.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Birds; Bone Regeneration; Bone Substitutes; Bone Transplantation; Bone and Bones; Clinical Trials as Topic; Durapatite; Egg Shell; Humans; X-Ray Microtomography
PubMed: 32651970
DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.4888 -
Biotechnology and Bioengineering Jan 2020Reliably producing functional in vitro organ models, such as organ-on-chip systems, has the potential to considerably advance biology research, drug development time,... (Review)
Review
Reliably producing functional in vitro organ models, such as organ-on-chip systems, has the potential to considerably advance biology research, drug development time, and resource efficiency. However, despite the ongoing major progress in the field, three-dimensional bone tissue models remain elusive. In this review, we specifically investigate the control of perfusion flow effects as the missing link between isolated culture systems and scientifically exploitable bone models and propose a roadmap toward this goal.
Topics: Animals; Bioreactors; Bone and Bones; Cell Culture Techniques; Equipment Design; Humans; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Models, Biological; Tissue Array Analysis; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 31531968
DOI: 10.1002/bit.27171 -
Current Opinion in Endocrinology,... Aug 2021This article reviews the current state of research in type 1 diabetes and bone, focusing on human bone turnover markers and histomorphometry. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article reviews the current state of research in type 1 diabetes and bone, focusing on human bone turnover markers and histomorphometry.
RECENT FINDINGS
Bone turnover markers have been used for decades to document static bone turnover status in a variety of diseases but especially in diabetes. Two new studies focus on dynamic testing conditions to examine the acute effects of insulin and exercise on bone turnover. Publications of human bone histomorphometry in type 1 diabetes are few but there are several new studies currently underway.
SUMMARY
Here, we review the most recent literature on human bone turnover markers and histomorphometry. Low bone turnover is thought to be a major underlying factor in bone fragility in T1DM. Further studies in human transilial bone biopsies will be helpful in determining the mechanisms.
Topics: Biomarkers; Biopsy; Bone Density; Bone Remodeling; Bone and Bones; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Exercise; Forecasting; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ilium; Insulin
PubMed: 34183539
DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000644 -
Nutrients Jun 2019Bone is a complex tissue composing of mineralized bone, bone cells, hematopoietic cells, marrow adipocytes, and supportive stromal cells. The homeostasis of bone and... (Review)
Review
Bone is a complex tissue composing of mineralized bone, bone cells, hematopoietic cells, marrow adipocytes, and supportive stromal cells. The homeostasis of bone and marrow niche is dynamically regulated by nutrients. The positive correlation between cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis risk suggests a close relationship between hyperlipidemia and/or hypercholesterolemia and the bone metabolism. Cholesterol and its metabolites influence the bone homeostasis through modulating the differentiation and activation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The effects of cholesterol on hematopoietic stem cells, including proliferation, migration, and differentiation, are also well-documented and further relate to atherosclerotic lesions. Correlation between circulating cholesterol and bone marrow adipocytes remains elusive, which seems opposite to its effects on osteoblasts. Epidemiological evidence has demonstrated that cholesterol deteriorates or benefits bone metabolism depending on the types, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. In this review, we will summarize the latest progress of how cholesterol regulates bone metabolism and bone marrow microenvironment, including the hematopoiesis and marrow adiposity. Elucidation of these association and factors is of great importance in developing therapeutic options for bone related diseases under hypercholesterolemic conditions.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adiposity; Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone and Bones; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cellular Microenvironment; Cholesterol; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Phenotype; Signal Transduction; Stem Cell Niche
PubMed: 31234305
DOI: 10.3390/nu11061394 -
In Vivo (Athens, Greece) 2021Osteotomy as the first step in surgery, provides access to the field and its application could influence the outcome. Nowadays, the conventional burr reduction is being...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Osteotomy as the first step in surgery, provides access to the field and its application could influence the outcome. Nowadays, the conventional burr reduction is being challenged by newer sonic and ultrasonic methods. We investigated the bone structural integrity and metal attrition residues both in bone and the irrigation fluid.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Bovine ribs were cut using three methods. Bone cuts were studied using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) for tissue discrepancies and Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersion X-Ray Microanalysis (SEM/EDX) for organic and inorganic debris.
RESULTS
Better preservation of bone architecture was seen in piezo and sono surgery while metal attrition was not conclusive (p>0.05). Unlike in bone analyses, both bur and ultrasonic osteotomies showed statistically significant higher median inorganic detection per analysis (p=0.021 and p=0.037, respectively).
CONCLUSION
Sono and piezo surgery proved to be less invasive while attrition properties were the same.
Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Cattle; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Osteotomy; Ultrasonics
PubMed: 33910827
DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12402 -
Journal of Strength and Conditioning... May 2022Pashkova, A, Hartman, JM, Letuchy, EM, and Janz, KF. Interscholastic athletics and bone strength: the Iowa bone development study. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1271-1276,...
Pashkova, A, Hartman, JM, Letuchy, EM, and Janz, KF. Interscholastic athletics and bone strength: the Iowa bone development study. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1271-1276, 2022-The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between adolescents' participation in various interscholastic sports and differences in bone strength outcomes. Subjects (N = 380) were recruited from the Iowa Bone Development Study and categorized based on sport participation into 3 power groups: no-power, low-power, and high-power. Sports such as basketball, cheerleading/poms, gymnastics, volleyball, track, football, tennis, and soccer were considered high-power. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) was used to determine bone measures of polar stress-strain index (measure of torsion strength), cortical content (measure of cortical bone size and area at the 66% tibia site), and bone strength index (measure of compression strength based on total bone density and area at the 4% tibia site). Adjusted pairwise comparison for group least squares means high-power sport participation compared with no-power sport participation showed significant differences in all bone strength outcomes for both men and women (p value < 0.01). There was a significant difference in all bone strength measures between low-power and no-power groups for men (p value < 0.05), but not women. Because of decreasing levels of physical activity in late adolescence, the promotion of high-power sports may be particularly important for optimal bone development in the final years before peak bone mass.
Topics: Adolescent; Bone Density; Bone Development; Bone and Bones; Female; Gymnastics; Humans; Male; Tibia
PubMed: 32459739
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003646 -
F1000Research 2019The main clinical tool for the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis is the determination of bone mineral density by dual x-ray... (Review)
Review
The main clinical tool for the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis is the determination of bone mineral density by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Although this outcome contributes to the determination of bone strength, the clinical evidence to date suggests that it does not correlate strongly with fracture incidence. The main reason for this discrepancy is the fact that several other bone properties, such as material properties, are not taken into account. This short review summarizes the reasons why material properties are important in the determination of bone strength and briefly discusses some of them as well as their influence on bone's mechanical performance.
Topics: Bone Density; Bone and Bones; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Osteoporosis
PubMed: 31489179
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.18239.1 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2022While type 2 immunity has traditionally been associated with the control of parasitic infections and allergic reactions, increasing evidence suggests that type 2... (Review)
Review
While type 2 immunity has traditionally been associated with the control of parasitic infections and allergic reactions, increasing evidence suggests that type 2 immunity exerts regulatory functions on inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, and also on bone homeostasis. This review summarizes the current evidence of the regulatory role of type 2 immunity in arthritis and bone. Key type 2 cytokines, like interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, but also others such as IL-5, IL-9, IL-25, and IL-33, exert regulatory properties on arthritis, dampening inflammation and inducing resolution of joint swelling. Furthermore, these cytokines share anti-osteoclastogenic properties and thereby reduce bone resorption and protect bone. Cellular effectors of this action are both T cells (i.e., Th2 and Th9 cells), but also non-T cells, like type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). Key regulatory actions mediated by type 2 cytokines and immune cells on both inflammation as well as bone homeostasis are discussed.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Arthritis; Bone and Bones; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; Th2 Cells
PubMed: 35163028
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031104 -
Current Osteoporosis Reports Apr 2021Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) are ubiquitous multimeric protein complexes that are necessary for the regulation of numerous physiological processes. VSCCs... (Review)
Review
Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) are ubiquitous multimeric protein complexes that are necessary for the regulation of numerous physiological processes. VSCCs regulate calcium influx and various intracellular processes including muscle contraction, neurotransmission, hormone secretion, and gene transcription, with function specificity defined by the channel's subunits and tissue location. The functions of VSCCs in bone are often overlooked since bone is not considered an electrically excitable tissue. However, skeletal homeostasis and adaptation relies heavily on VSCCs. Inhibition or deletion of VSCCs decreases osteogenesis, impairs skeletal structure, and impedes anabolic responses to mechanical loading. RECENT FINDINGS: While the functions of VSCCs in osteoclasts are less clear, VSCCs have distinct but complementary functions in osteoblasts and osteocytes. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review details the structure, function, and nomenclature of VSCCs, followed by a comprehensive description of the known functions of VSCCs in bone cells and their regulation of bone development, bone formation, and mechanotransduction.
Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Calcium Channels; Humans; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 33721180
DOI: 10.1007/s11914-020-00647-7