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Journal of Health & Pollution Sep 2019Exposure to cadmium (Cd) is a global public health concern. The primary Cd exposure pathways are inhalation and ingestion. Globally, Cd production and consumption has... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Exposure to cadmium (Cd) is a global public health concern. The primary Cd exposure pathways are inhalation and ingestion. Globally, Cd production and consumption has increased, along with nickel-cadmium battery production, alloys, anticorrosive coatings, pigments, polyvinyl chloride stabilizers, semiconductors for solar cells, etc. After the end use of these elements, improper management may cause Cd pollution in different spheres of the environment and living organisms that eventually lead to adverse effects on human health.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the sources and routes of Cd that enter different environmental spheres, their concentrations, and describe associated human health impacts in Bangladesh.
METHODS
The present study searched a total of 304 peer-reviewed articles in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer Link, BanglaJOL, and university libraries and ultimately selected 71 articles. Afterwards, the relevant findings on Cd exposure through inhalation and diet and age-based impacts (i.e., adults, women, children and infants) in Bangladesh were combined. Finally, the results were processed with a cross-tabulation technique.
RESULTS
The present study found that Cd concentration in the local diet and river water is within the World Health Organization and Bangladesh Standard Testing Institute guidelines.
DISCUSSION
The concentration of Cd in sediments is comparatively higher than in river water in Bangladesh. Cadmium has been found in samples of foods, including leafy and non-leafy vegetables collected from different places in Bangladesh and may ultimately enter the human body via dietary intake of these foods. Consequently, individuals may be exposed to Cd and may be suffering from long-term adverse health effects.
CONCLUSIONS
The comparison of concentrations in this study with national and international standards will assist with the formulation of effective pollution mitigation measures in Bangladesh.
COMPETING INTERESTS
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
PubMed: 31497376
DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-9.23.190913 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2021There is emerging evidence that environmental toxicants, in particular endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as cadmium and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), induce... (Review)
Review
There is emerging evidence that environmental toxicants, in particular endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as cadmium and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), induce Sertoli cell and testis injury, thereby perturbing spermatogenesis in humans, rodents and also widelife. Recent studies have shown that cadmium (e.g., cadmium chloride, CdCl) and PFOS exert their disruptive effects through putative signaling proteins and signaling cascade similar to other pharmaceuticals, such as the non-hormonal male contraceptive drug adjudin. More important, these signaling proteins were also shown to be involved in modulating testis function based on studies in rodents. Collectively, these findings suggest that toxicants are using similar mechanisms that used to support spermatogenesis under physiological conditions to perturb Sertoli and testis function. These observations are physiologically significant, since a manipulation on the expression of these signaling proteins can possibly be used to manage the toxicant-induced male reproductive dysfunction. In this review, we highlight some of these findings and critically evaluate the possibility of using this approach to manage toxicant-induced defects in spermatrogenesis based on recent studies in animal models.
Topics: Alkanesulfonic Acids; Animals; Endocrine Disruptors; Environmental Pollutants; Fluorocarbons; Humans; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Male; Reproduction; Sertoli Cells; Signal Transduction; Spermatogenesis; Testis
PubMed: 35002976
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.800327 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Aug 2021Cadmium(Cd) is a toxic and carcinogenic heavy metal pollutant leading to serious damage in various organs. Ferroptosis and necrosis as inflammation-related cell death...
Cadmium(Cd) is a toxic and carcinogenic heavy metal pollutant leading to serious damage in various organs. Ferroptosis and necrosis as inflammation-related cell death are involved in several diseases of nervous system. In the present study, 10 weaning piglets with similar weight for 6 weeks were randomly divided into two groups. The daily grain containing 0 mg and 20 mg/kg of Cd chloride was fed in 20-26 ℃ environment, animals were sacrificed to collect cerebrum and cerebellum tissues after 40 days. Morphology and ultrastructure results were observed using HE and TEM. Moreover, molecular biological technologies western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression abundance of genes. Cerebrum and cerebellum injury was observed in Cd-exposed group, antioxidant capacity decreased significantly and oxidative stress increased; immunofluorescence, real-time quantification, and western blot results showed decreased necrosis genes and increased ferroptosis pathway genes abundance in cerebrum, whereas the results were reversed in cerebellum. These results indicated that Cd exposure can activated necrosis and ferroptosis pathways by increased oxidative stress, further resulting in cerebrum and cerebellum damage in pigs. These findings may provide a theoretical basis for early monitoring of Cd exposure in environment.
PubMed: 34403946
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112650 -
Toxins Mar 2021Food can be contaminated by various types of contaminants such as mycotoxins and toxic heavy metals. Therefore, it is very likely that simultaneous intake of more than...
Food can be contaminated by various types of contaminants such as mycotoxins and toxic heavy metals. Therefore, it is very likely that simultaneous intake of more than one type of food contaminant by consumers may take place, which provides a strong rationale for investigating the combined toxicities of these food contaminants. Patulin is one of the most common food-borne mycotoxins, whereas cadmium is a representative of toxic heavy metals found in food. The liver and kidneys are the main target organ sites for both patulin and cadmium. We hypothesized that simultaneous exposure to patulin and cadmium could produce synergistic hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) and Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 (HEK293) cell lines together with a mouse model were used to explore the combination effect and mechanism. The results demonstrated, for the first time, that the co-exposure of liver or renal cells to patulin and cadmium caused synergistic cytotoxicity in vitro and enhanced liver toxicity in vivo. The synergistic toxicity caused by the co-administration of patulin and cadmium was attributed to the boosted reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) and p53 as downstream mediators of oxidative stress contributed to the synergistic toxicity by co-exposure of patulin and cadmium, while p53/JNK1 activation promoted the second-round ROS production through a positive feedback loop. The findings of the present study extend the toxicological knowledge about patulin and cadmium, which could be beneficial to more precisely perform risk assessments on these food contaminants.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cadmium Chloride; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Synergism; Food Contamination; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mitochondria; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8; Oxidative Stress; Patulin; Reactive Oxygen Species; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
PubMed: 33803748
DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030221 -
European Review For Medical and... Dec 2021Quercetin (Qct) is a flavonoid that belongs to the group of the most bioactive polyphenolic compounds. It is abundantly found in our diet, and it has many beneficial... (Review)
Review
Quercetin (Qct) is a flavonoid that belongs to the group of the most bioactive polyphenolic compounds. It is abundantly found in our diet, and it has many beneficial effects on human health because of its potent antioxidant properties. Qct has shown cardioprotective effects against doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, daunorubicin, and lindane and nephroprotective effects against methotrexate, doxorubicin, gentamicin, valproic acid, cadmium, potassium dichromate, fluoride, mercury chloride, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and gold nanoparticles. In the current review, we discussed the molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in the cardio- and nephroprotective effects of Qct. The main purpose of this review was to identify the cardio- and the nephroprotective mechanisms of Qct against several drugs and chemicals to encourage further studies to investigate the potential protective effect of Qct.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiotoxicity; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Metal Nanoparticles; Protective Agents; Quercetin
PubMed: 34919245
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202112_27440 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2021The present study aimed to analyze the differences in the tolerance of fava bean ( cv. Aštar) roots to cadmium in nitrate-Cd(NO)-and chloride-CdCl-solutions. The...
The present study aimed to analyze the differences in the tolerance of fava bean ( cv. Aštar) roots to cadmium in nitrate-Cd(NO)-and chloride-CdCl-solutions. The physiological and biochemical parameters were assessed. The tested doses of Cd (50, 100, 150 and 300 mg/L) did not influence the germination of seeds. However, considerable growth inhibition and dehydration were observed after 96 h incubation. The thickness of roots and rupture of cell membranes increased along with the increasing concentration of the metal in the solution. At a Cd dose of 300 mg/L, irrespective of the solution used, increased nitrogen concentration and no change in sodium content were observed. The content of magnesium increased due to the dose of 100 mg/L (cadmium nitrate) and the content of calcium increased due to the dose of 300 mg/L (in either nitrate or chloride). The correlation analyses pointed to a possible effect of nitrates in the applied solutions on the accumulation of Cd and some minerals in the roots of the given variety of fava bean. This may be important for both research and agricultural practice. The identification of crops with high tolerance to cadmium, as well as knowledge about the mechanisms of ion interactions at the soil solution-plant level, is important in terms of such crops' use in the process of the remediation of cadmium-contaminated soils coupled with food production.
PubMed: 34070227
DOI: 10.3390/plants10051007 -
Comparative Biochemistry and... Jun 2023Fish in wild are often faced with various types of xenobiotics, that may display synergistic or antagonistic effects. In this study, we aim to examine how exposure to...
Fish in wild are often faced with various types of xenobiotics, that may display synergistic or antagonistic effects. In this study, we aim to examine how exposure to agrochemical compound (Bacilar) and cadmium (CdCl) alone and in combination affect biochemical parameters (lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase; creatine phosphokinase (CKP), cholinesterase) and oxidative stress (total antioxidant capacity, catalase, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl concentrations) of freshwater fish Alburnus mossulensis. Fish were exposed to two concentrations of Bacilar (0.3, and 0.6 mL L) and to 1 mg L cadmium chloride alone and in combination for 21 days. Results showed that fish accumulate Cd in their body, with the highest rate in individuals exposed to Cd in combination with Bacilar. Both xenobiotics in fish liver induced the activation of liver enzymes suggesting hepatotoxic effects, with the greatest impact in co-exposed groups. A significant decrease in the hepatocyte's total antioxidant capacity indicates the collapse of the antioxidant defense in fish exposed to Cd and Bacilar. A decrease in the antioxidant biomarkers was followed by increased oxidative damage of lipids and proteins. We also reported altered function in the muscle of individuals exposed to Bacilar and Cd seen as decreased activities in CKP and butyrylcholinesterase. Overall, our results point to the toxicity of both Bacilar and Cd on fish but also to their synergistic effects on Cd bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, and liver and muscle damage. This study highlights the need for evaluating the use of agrochemicals and their possible additive effects on non-target organisms.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cadmium Chloride; Cadmium; Butyrylcholinesterase; Oxidative Stress; Fishes; Liver; Fresh Water
PubMed: 36940894
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109614 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Jan 2023Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous toxic metal and environmental pollutant. Increasing studies have shown that Cd exposure increases the incidence of various endocrine system...
Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous toxic metal and environmental pollutant. Increasing studies have shown that Cd exposure increases the incidence of various endocrine system diseases, including thyrotoxicity reflected by thyroid structural damage and endocrine toxicity. However, the observed outcomes are complex and conflicting, leading to the mechanism of Cd-induced thyrotoxicity remaining obscure. In this study, 4-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were given 2 or 7 mg/kg Cadmium Chloride (CdCl) intragastrically for 4 and 8 weeks, and the Cd-mediated thyrotoxicity was evaluated by determining alterations in thyroid structure and endocrine function, and alterations of oxidant stress, apoptosis, and pyroptosis. Our data showed that Cd exposure could reduce body weight and induce thyrotoxicity by impairing thyroid follicular morphology and endocrine function, accompanied by elevated oxidative stress and apoptosis, macrophage infiltration, and inflammatory cytokine secretion. Importantly, Cd significantly promoted thyroid follicular cell pyroptosis by increasing Nlrp3, Asc, Caspase-1, Gsdmd, IL-1β, and IL-18 expression. Mechanistical analysis suggested that Cd treatment could inhibit antioxidant pathway by downregulating antioxidant response protein, Nrf2, and upregulating its negative feedback regulator, Keap1. Collectively, our in vivo findings suggest that Cd exposure could facilitate thyroid follicular cell pyroptosis by inhibiting Nrf2/Keap1 signaling, thereby disrupting thyroid tissue structure and endocrine function, which offers novel insights into the Cd-mediated detrimental consequences on thyroid homeostasis.
Topics: Animals; Male; Mice; Antioxidants; Cadmium; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; Mice, Inbred C57BL; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Pyroptosis; Thyroid Gland; Environmental Exposure
PubMed: 36508821
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114376 -
Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research 2020Primary liver cancer has the sixth highest incidence and fourth highest cancer mortality worldwide. Hepatitis B is the leading cause of liver cancer, though its... (Review)
Review
Primary liver cancer has the sixth highest incidence and fourth highest cancer mortality worldwide. Hepatitis B is the leading cause of liver cancer, though its incidence is decreasing with vaccination. Alcohol is the leading cause of liver transplant, cirrhosis, and cancer in the developed world, and is projected to surpass hepatitis B as the leading hepatic cancer etiology worldwide. Tobacco smoking has shown a positive association with liver cancer in a majority of studies, though not all. Aflatoxin, a mycotoxin produced by , is estimated to account for 3-20% of global liver cancer cases, 40% of which occur in sub-Saharan Africa. These statistics are confounded by the prevalence of hepatitis B, which may have a synergistic effect on hepatic carcinogenesis. Aflatoxin is ingested and likely inhaled from agricultural products, placing farmers, food processors, and textile workers in developing nations at risk. Vinyl-chloride is used in the production of PVC plastics and causes rare liver angiosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other neoplasms. Arsenic and cadmium are naturally-occurring, hepatocarcinogenic metals with high occupational exposure in industries involving coal, metals, plastics, and batteries. Millions of laborers in waste-disposal and manufacturing are exposed to organic solvents and N-nitrosamines, which vary from carcinogenic (group 1) to possibly carcinogenic (group 2B) in their IARC designation. Insecticide DDT is possibly hepatocarcinogenic (group 2B), though continues to be used for malaria control in the developing world. While suggested by case reports, anabolic steroids and oral contraceptives have not been shown to increase liver cancer risk in large studies.
PubMed: 33447099
DOI: 10.2147/HMER.S278070 -
Annals of Medicine Dec 2021Suppressed glucose metabolism, elevated fatty acid metabolism and lipid deposition within myocardial cells are the key pathological features of diabetic cardiomyopathy....
CONTEXT
Suppressed glucose metabolism, elevated fatty acid metabolism and lipid deposition within myocardial cells are the key pathological features of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Studies have associated cadmium exposure with metabolic disturbances.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the effects of cadmium exposure on cardiac glucose homeostasis and lipid accumulation in male Wistar rats.
METHODS
Male Wistar rats were treated for 21days as (=5): Control, cadmium chloride Cd5 (5mg/kg, ), cadmium chloride Cd30 (30mg/kg, ).
RESULTS
The fasting serum insulin level in this study decreased significantly. Pyruvate and hexokinase activity reduced significantly in the Cd5 group while no significant change in lactate and glycogen levels. The activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme significantly increased with an increasing dosage of cadmium. The free fatty acid, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the heart increased significantly with increasing dosage of cadmium when compared with the control. Lipoprotein lipase activity in the heart showed no difference in the Cd5 group but a reduction in the activity in the Cd30 group was observed.
CONCLUSION
This study indicates that cadmium exposure interferes with cardiac substrate handling resulting in impaired glucometabolic regulation and lipid accumulation which could reduce cardiac efficiency.
Topics: Animals; Cadmium; Cadmium Chloride; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Insulin; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Male; Myocardium; Oxidoreductases; Pyruvates; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 34259114
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1947519